A Fixed Algorithm of Ambiguity among the Network RTK Reference Stations

In the face of a complex observation environment, the solution of the reference station of the ambiguity of network real-time kinematic (RTK) will be affected. The joint solution of multiple systems makes the ambiguity dimension increase steeply, which makes it difficult to estimate all the ambiguity. In addition, when receiving satellite observation signals in the environment with many occlusions, the received satellite observation values are prone to gross errors, resulting in obvious deviations in the solution. In this paper, a new network RTK fixation algorithm for partial ambiguity among the reference stations is proposed. It first estimates the floating-point ambiguity using the robust extended Kalman filtering (EKF) technique based on mean estimation, then finds the optimal ambiguity subset by the optimized partial ambiguity solving method. Finally, fixing the floating-point solution by the least-squares ambiguity decorrelation adjustment (LAMBDA) algorithm and the joint test of ratio (R-ratio) and bootstrapping success rate index solver. The experimental results indicate that the new method can significantly improve the fixation rate of ambiguity among network RTK reference stations and thus effectively improve the reliability of positioning results.

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QoS-Aware Reference Station Placement for Regional Network RTK

Journal of Software Engineering and Applications ◽

10.4236/jsea.2009.21007 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 02 (01) ◽

pp. 44-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Maolin Tang

Keyword(s):

Reference Station ◽

Regional Network ◽

Network Rtk

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Investigation of Different Interpolation Models Used in Network-RTK for the Virtual Reference Station Technique

Journal of Global Positioning Systems ◽

10.5081/jgps.10.2.136 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 136-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

A. Al-Shaery ◽

S. Lim ◽

C. Rizos

Keyword(s):

Reference Station ◽

Virtual Reference ◽

Network Rtk

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Performances Comparison of Compact Network RTK User Based on Modelling of Multiple Reference Station Corrections

The Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology ◽

10.12673/jkoni.2013.17.5.475 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 475-483

Author(s):

June-Sol Song ◽

Byung-Woon Park ◽

Chang-Don Kee

Keyword(s):

Reference Station ◽

Network Rtk ◽

Station Corrections ◽

Multiple Reference

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NETWORK RTK PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY IN LATVIA

Geodesy and Cartography ◽

10.3846/20296991.2016.1226383 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 69-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Didzis Dobelis ◽

Jānis Zvirgzds

Keyword(s):

Performance Analysis ◽

Daily Life ◽

Reference Station ◽

Station Network ◽

Network Rtk ◽

Kinematic Method ◽

Gnss Receivers ◽

The Stability ◽

Network Approaches

Nowadays the RTK (Real Time Kinematic) method for positioning is used in daily life by different consumers for many purposes. Several different RTK correction techniques are used, starting from single site to network approaches. The GNSS market is filled with receivers from different manufacturers and different capabilities. In this paper we assess the stability of the reference station network transmitted RTK correction. Two different surveying class GNSS receivers in combination with four varied RTK correction techniques under diverse observation conditions are analyzed. This study has been conducted in Latvia, where state wide permanent GNSS reference station network has been maintained since year 2005.

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Assessment of sparse GNSS network for network RTK

Journal of Geodetic Science ◽

10.1515/jogs-2018-0014 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 136-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hannu Koivula ◽

Jaakko Kuokkanen ◽

Simo Marila ◽

Sonja Lahtinen ◽

Tuukka Mattila

Keyword(s):

Average Distance ◽

Test Area ◽

Reference Station ◽

Station Network ◽

Network Rtk ◽

Land Survey ◽

Network Area ◽

Gnss Network

Abstract We tested the accuracy and usability of a sparse GNSS reference station network for network RTK (NRTK) using the Finnish permanent GNSS network FinnRef. We modified the configuration of the FinnRef network stations used in NRTK computation. This allowed us to perform the test both inside and outside of the network area using different NRTK methods and two different RTK receivers. In the test area the average distance between the FinnRef stationswas 160 km. As a comparison,we tested also with the commercial Trimnet and HxGN SmartNet positioning services operated by Geotrim Oy and Leica Geosystems Finland, respectively. Tests showed that the horizontal and vertical rms of Trimnet servicewas 16mmand 40 mm, and of HxGN SmartNet service 23mmand 48 mm. The best rms for the sparse NLS (National Land Survey of Finland) Service was 22 mm and 56 mm. These results indicate that a good NRTK solution can be achieved with a sparser network than typically used. This study also indicates, that the methods for NRTK processing can also affect the quality of the solution.

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Evaluation of Network RTK Performance and Elements of Certification—A Southern Ontario Case Study

GEOMATICA ◽

10.5623/cig2013-050 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 243-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. Bisnath ◽

A. Saeidi ◽

J.-G. Wang ◽

G. Seepersad

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Low Cost ◽

Ease Of Use ◽

Reference Station ◽

Southern Ontario ◽

Network Rtk ◽

Single Baseline ◽

Commercial Network

Over the past decade, network RTK technology has become popular as an efficient method of precise, real-time positioning. Its relatively low-cost and single receiver ease-of-use has allowed it to mostly replace static relative GPS and single baseline RTK in urban areas where such networks are economically viable (e.g., cadastral and construction survey). The Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO) and York University have investigated the performance of commercial network RTK services in Southern Ontario, where performance is defined by a set of developed metrics. It was found that the user horizontal solution had an overall precision of ∼2.5 cm (95%), though there were cases of solution biases, drifts and gaps. A follow-up study is developing criteria and pathways for the certification of such commercial network RTK services, focusing on: reference station integration, reference station maintenance, and user solution monitoring. A set of recommendations for network certification is in preparation.

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Performance Assessment of a Long Range Reference Station Ambiguity Resolution Algorithm for Network RTK GPS Positioning

Survey Review ◽

10.1179/003962610x12572516251600 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 42 (316) ◽

pp. 132-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Weiming Tang ◽

Xiaolin Meng ◽

Chuang Shi ◽

Jingnan Liu

Keyword(s):

Performance Assessment ◽

Long Range ◽

Ambiguity Resolution ◽

Reference Station ◽

Gps Positioning ◽

Network Rtk ◽

Resolution Algorithm ◽

Rtk Gps

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Algorithms for Sparse Network-based RTK GPS Positioning and Performance Assessment

Journal of Navigation ◽

10.1017/s0373463313000015 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 335-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Weiming Tang ◽

Xiaolin Meng ◽

Chuang Shi ◽

Jingnan Liu

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Long Range ◽

Ambiguity Resolution ◽

Reference Station ◽

Baseline Length ◽

Sparse Network ◽

Network Rtk ◽

Real Time Kinematic ◽

Wide Lane ◽

Time Required

The average inter-station distances in most established network Real Time Kinematic (RTK) systems are constrained to around 50 km. A sparse network RTK system with an average inter-station distance of up to 300 km would have many appealing advantages over a conventional one, including a significant reduction in the development and maintenance costs. The first part of this paper introduces the key approaches for sparse network RTK positioning technology. These include long-range reference baseline ambiguity resolution and real-time kinematic ambiguity resolution for the rover receivers. The proposed method for long-range kinematic ambiguity resolution can overcome the network weaknesses through three procedures: application of the interpolated corrections from the sparse network only to wide-lane combination; searching the ambiguities of wide-lane combination; and searching L1 ambiguities with wide-lane combination and ionosphere-free observables. To test these techniques, a network including ten reference stations was created from the Ordnance Survey's Network (OS NetTM) that covers the whole territory of the United Kingdom (UK). The average baseline length of this sparse network is about 300 km. To assess the positioning performance, nine rover stations situated inside and outside the network were also selected from the OS Net™. Finally, the accuracy of interpolated corrections, the positioning accuracy and the initialization time required for precise positioning were estimated and analysed. From the observed performance of each rover receiver, and the accuracy of interpolated network corrections, it can be concluded that it is feasible to use a sparse reference station network with an average inter-station distance up to 300 km for achieving similar performance to traditional network RTK positioning. The proposed approach can provide more cost-efficient use of network RTK (NRTK) positioning for engineering and environmental applications that are currently being delivered by traditional network RTK positioning technology.

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