Evaluation of Network RTK Performance and Elements of Certification—A Southern Ontario Case Study

GEOMATICA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bisnath ◽  
A. Saeidi ◽  
J.-G. Wang ◽  
G. Seepersad
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Reference Station ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Network Rtk ◽  
Single Baseline ◽  
Commercial Network

Over the past decade, network RTK technology has become popular as an efficient method of precise, real-time positioning. Its relatively low-cost and single receiver ease-of-use has allowed it to mostly replace static relative GPS and single baseline RTK in urban areas where such networks are economically viable (e.g., cadastral and construction survey). The Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO) and York University have investigated the performance of commercial network RTK services in Southern Ontario, where performance is defined by a set of developed metrics. It was found that the user horizontal solution had an overall precision of ∼2.5 cm (95%), though there were cases of solution biases, drifts and gaps. A follow-up study is developing criteria and pathways for the certification of such commercial network RTK services, focusing on: reference station integration, reference station maintenance, and user solution monitoring. A set of recommendations for network certification is in preparation.

scholarly journals NETWORK RTK PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY IN LATVIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didzis Dobelis ◽  
Jānis Zvirgzds
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Reference Station ◽  
Station Network ◽  
Network Rtk ◽  
Kinematic Method ◽  
Gnss Receivers ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Network Approaches

Nowadays the RTK (Real Time Kinematic) method for positioning is used in daily life by different consumers for many purposes. Several different RTK correction techniques are used, starting from single site to network approaches. The GNSS market is filled with receivers from different manufacturers and different capabilities. In this paper we assess the stability of the reference station network transmitted RTK correction. Two different surveying class GNSS receivers in combination with four varied RTK correction techniques under diverse observation conditions are analyzed. This study has been conducted in Latvia, where state wide permanent GNSS reference station network has been maintained since year 2005.

scholarly journals Correlates of Post-Partum Intra-Uterine Copper-T Devices (PPIUCD) Acceptability and Retention: An Observational Study from North India.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sneha Gupta ◽  
Romi Bansal ◽  
Harbhajan Kaur Shergill ◽  
Pradeep Sharma ◽  
Priyanka Garg
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
North India ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Expulsion Rate

Abstract Background: Immediate postpartum period is the most appropriate time for introducing contraception as women are more pliable and highly motivated to adopt family planning methods. We assessed the safety and efficacy of post placental IUCD insertion (Cu- T 380A) immediately after delivery of placenta in women undergoing expected vaginal delivery or caesarean section and its compliance.Material and method: This prospective observational study was conducted for a period of (exact period of study) at a tertiary care institute in North India. Patients delivering at our hospital were recruited in the study as per inclusion and exclusion criteria after taking informed consent.Results: A total of 300 women were counselled over one year. Of these, 60% of women accepted PPIUCD. The majority of the PPIUCD acceptors were primigravida (61.7%), educated (86.1%), belonging to urban areas (61.7%), between 25 to 30 years (40.6%). The Follow-up rate was 93%, 90% and 81% at six weeks, three months, and six months, while the continuation rate at six months was 80%. The most common complication during follow-up were abnormal uterine bleeding, infection and missing threads. There was no case of perforation or failure of PPIUCD. The expulsion rate was 5%, and 14% of women had removal of PPIUCD.Conclusion: PPIUCD is a safe, highly effective, low cost, long-acting and feasible method of contraception. Skill enhancement of healthcare personnel for insertion techniques, adequate antenatal counselling, and advocacy of PPIUCD can help increase the acceptability of PPIUCD.

scholarly journals A Potential Nursing Ground for the Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis in Northern Chile

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M. García-Cegarra ◽  
Maritza Malebran ◽  
Koen Van Waerebeek
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Marine Spatial Planning ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
Right Whale ◽  
Eubalaena Australis ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Shipping Traffic

The Chile-Peru subpopulation (CPe) of the southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) is classified as critically endangered following intense whaling in past centuries. Due to their very low abundance, information on breeding and feeding grounds is also scarce. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly applied in marine mammal research thanks to their low cost and relative ease of use. This case study documents a southern right whale nursing in Bahía Moreno (23ºS), Antofagasta, northern Chile, through high-resolution images taken by UAV of a lone adult in July 2019 and the same (photo-identified) whale with a neonate in August, confirming local parturition. Combined with earlier data we hypothesize that the Antofagasta Region may be a calving and nursing ground for the CPe subpopulation. Given the intense shipping traffic and fishing activities around the Mejillones Peninsula and Antofagasta port, priorly recommended marine spatial planning to help avoid net entanglements and vessel collisions of fin and humpback whales would also contribute to the conservation of the CPe stock of southern right whale.

scholarly journals Long-Term Storage of Small Natural History Specimens Using Gelatin Capsules: A Case Study from the Royal Alberta Museum

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Diana Tirlea ◽  
Carmen Li ◽  
Alwynne B. Beaudoin ◽  
Emily Moffat
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Gelatin Capsules ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Storage Methods ◽  
Term Storage

Abstract Museums use gelatin capsules to store small objects and specimens, despite limited documentation of their long-term viability. The Royal Alberta Museum (RAM of Canada) uses gelatin capsules to store seeds, bones, and plant material because of their ease of use, transparency, soft-bodied walls, size availability, and low cost. Recently, RAM staff reported damaged capsules from the palaeontology collections. We evaluated 499 capsules used to store specimens accessioned in 1986 and 1988 and investigated capsule properties using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Oddy testing. Only 4.21% of inspected capsules were dented, cracked, and/or fractured. Based on interviews and testing, we determined that damage to capsules likely resulted during handling (i.e., applied force when opening). We conclude that gelatin capsules offer a good, inexpensive method for long-term storage of small, dried specimens in environmentally controlled conditions. Alternatives to gelatin capsules exist, although their pros and cons require evaluation before use. All storage methods require continuous monitoring for signs of container or specimen deterioration.

scholarly journals Radiation-damage-induced phasing: a case study using UV irradiation with light-emitting diodes

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele de Sanctis ◽  
Chloe Zubieta ◽  
Franck Felisaz ◽  
Hugo Caserotto ◽  
Max H. Nanao
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Uv Lasers ◽  
Uv Leds

Exposure to X-rays, high-intensity visible light or ultraviolet radiation results in alterations to protein structure such as the breakage of disulfide bonds, the loss of electron density at electron-rich centres and the movement of side chains. These specific changes can be exploited in order to obtain phase information. Here, a case study using insulin to illustrate each step of the radiation-damage-induced phasing (RIP) method is presented. Unlike a traditional X-ray-induced damage step, specific damage is introducedviaultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs). In contrast to UV lasers, UV-LEDs have the advantages of small size, low cost and relative ease of use.

scholarly journals Antofagasta Region in northern Chile, a potential nursing ground for the Southern right whale Eubalaena australis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Garcia Cegarra ◽  
Maritza Malebran ◽  
Koen Van Waerebeek
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Marine Spatial Planning ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
Right Whale ◽  
Eubalaena Australis ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Shipping Traffic

The Chile-Peru subpopulation (CPe) of the Southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) is classified as Critically Endangered following intense whaling in past centuries. Due to their very low abundance, information on breeding and feeding grounds is also scarce. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly applied in marine mammal research thanks to their low cost and relative ease of use. This case study documents a Southern right whale nursing in Bahía Moreno (23º S), Antofagasta, in northern Chile through high-resolution images taken by UAV of an adult in July 2019 and the same whale with a neonate in August. Combined with earlier data we hypothesize that the Antofagasta Region may be a potential calving and nursing ground for the CPe subpopulation. Given the intense shipping traffic and fishing activities around the Mejillones Peninsula and Antofagasta port, priorly recommended marine spatial planning to help avoid net entanglements and vessel collisions of fin and humpback whales may also contribute to the conservation of the CPe stock.

scholarly journals Combination of multi-agent systems and embedded hardware for the monitoring and analysis of diuresis

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 155014771772215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Villarrubia ◽  
Daniel Hernández ◽  
Juan F De Paz ◽  
Javier Bajo
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent System ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Multi Agent Systems ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Technological Tool

The early detection and monitoring of kidney disease continues being an important problem in medicine. The diagnosis and treatment of patients with this disease usually require expensive medical equipment that is difficult to install. Patients or medical centers may not always be able to afford such equipment. This work proposes the creation of a wireless sensor network for medical environments; it will assist medical professionals in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with renal symptomatology. This work will focus on the analysis of symptoms that accompany this disease and the design of a system which will help determine types of kidney diseases. The proposed system will incorporate new hardware mechanisms and an intelligent system. It will be designed through a multi-agent architecture based on virtual organizations. This architecture will include a new model of agents, specifically designed to be incorporated into computationally limited devices. This hardware will be characterized by its low cost and ease of use. A case study has been carried out in order to validate the proposed architecture. In order to validate the proposed architecture, we designed a case study that aims to provide a technological tool for medical professionals and makes it possible to determine any diseases related to diuresis. The initial results are promising.

scholarly journals Waste Management System Using IoT-Based Machine Learning in University

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Anh Khoa ◽  
Cao Hoang Phuc ◽  
Pham Duc Lam ◽  
Le Mai Bao Nhu ◽  
Nguyen Minh Trong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Daily Task ◽  
Novel Method

Along with the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), waste management has appeared as a serious issue. Waste management is a daily task in urban areas, which requires a large amount of labour resources and affects natural, budgetary, efficiency, and social aspects. Many approaches have been proposed to optimize waste management, such as using the nearest neighbour search, colony optimization, genetic algorithm, and particle swarm optimization methods. However, the results are still too vague and cannot be applied in real systems, such as in universities or cities. Recently, there has been a trend of combining optimal waste management strategies with low-cost IoT architectures. In this paper, we propose a novel method that vigorously and efficiently achieves waste management by predicting the probability of the waste level in trash bins. By using machine learning and graph theory, the system can optimize the collection of waste with the shortest path. This article presents an investigation case implemented at the real campus of Ton Duc Thang University (Vietnam) to evaluate the performance and practicability of the system’s implementation. We examine data transfer on the LoRa module and demonstrate the advantages of the proposed system, which is implemented through a simple circuit designed with low cost, ease of use, and replace ability. Our system saves time by finding the best route in the management of waste collection.

scholarly journals Housing Satisfaction and Willingness to Move to Low-cost Rental Apartments of Slum Dwellers in Semarang Urban Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 01048
Author(s):  
Asnawi Manaf ◽  
Hadi Wahyono ◽  
Ita Puspita Sari ◽  
Dias Aprilia
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Housing Satisfaction ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Government ◽  
Surrounding Areas

This article examines one of the approaches commonly taken by the government to reduce the number of slums in urban areas, namely the provision of subsidised/affordable rental apartments. This article focuses on the assessment of to what extent the approach is relevant to the perceived problem (needs) of the target group (low income family) and what are the socio-economic characteristics of those living in slums and what are their preferences for moving to affordable rental apartments or remains to stay in the current slums. Since the problems are complex and dynamic, the case study research methods has been utilised and the low-income families living in slums in surrounding areas of Rusunawa Kaligawe (affordable rental apartment) in Semarang have been used as the unit of analysis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Quad-Constellation GNSS Precise Point Positioning in Egypt

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Emad El Manaily ◽  
Mahmoud Abd Rabbou ◽  
Adel El-Shazly ◽  
Moustafa Baraka
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Precise Point Positioning ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Convergence Time ◽  
Reference Station ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Positioning Accuracy ◽  
Point Positioning

Abstract Commonly, relative GPS positioning technique is used in Egypt for precise positioning applications. However, the requirement of a reference station is usually problematic for some applications as it limits the operational range of the system and increases the system cost and complexity On the other hand; the single point positioning is traditionally used for low accuracy applications such as land vehicle navigation with positioning accuracy up to 10 meters in some scenarios which caused navigation problems especially in downtown areas. Recently, high positioning accuracy can be obtained through Precise Point Positioning (PPP) technique in which only once GNSS receiver is used. However, the major drawback of PPP is the long convergence time to reach to the surveying grade accuracy compared to the existing relative techniques. Moreover, the PPP accuracy is significantly degraded due to shortage in satellite availability in urban areas. To overcome these limitations, the quad constellation GNSS systems namely; GPS.GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou can be combined to increase the satellite availability and enhance the satellite geometry which in turn reduces the convergence time. In Egypt, at the moment, the signals of both Galileo and BeiDou could be logged with limited number of satellites up to four and six satellites for both Systems respectively. In this paper, we investigated the performance of the Quad-GNSS positioning in both dual- and single-frequency ionosphere free PPP modes for both high accurate and low cost navigation application, respectively. The performance of the developed PPP models will be investigated through GNSS data sets collected at three Egyptian cities namely, Cairo, Alexandria and Aswan.

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