scholarly journals Effects of the Use of Good Agricultural Practices on Aflatoxin Levels in Maize Grown in Nandi County, Kenya

Sci ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Grace Nkirote Marete ◽  
Laetitia Wakonyu Kanja ◽  
James Mucunu Mbaria ◽  
Mitchel Otieno Okumu ◽  
Penina Afwande Ateku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Good Agricultural Practices ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice ◽  
Practice Gap ◽  
The Mean

Aflatoxin contaminated maize is of public health concern in Kenya. Training farmers on good agricultural practice (GAP) has been touted as a mitigative measure. Little is known of the effect of such training on aflatoxin levels in maize grown in Kenya. This study evaluated what effect training farmers on GAP has on aflatoxin levels in maize grown in in maize grown in Kaptumo, Kilibwoni, and Kipkaren divisions in Nandi County. Ninety farmers were recruited for the study and interviewed on GAP. Maize samples were additionally collected from the participating farmers and analyzed for aflatoxins using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA). All farmers prepared the land before planting, did correct spacing between the planted crops, carried out weeding, cleaned their stores before use, checked the condition of the maize after harvesting, sorted maize after shelling, and knew aflatoxins. A majority of the farmers (90%) used fertilizers, dried maize after harvesting, knew that aflatoxins were harmful to humans, and used clean transport in transporting the harvested maize. About 98% of farmers did stooking after harvesting and 97% used wooden pallets in the maize stores. The percentage of farmers who practiced early planting, top dressing, crop rotation, raising stores above the ground, applying insecticide after shelling and feeding damaged/rotten seeds to their animals was 84–96%, 62–80%, 67–85%, 86–98%, 63–81%, and 7–21% respectively. About 18/90 (20%) of all farmers reported that they had a relative who had died from liver cancer and the mean aflatoxin levels in season 1 were significantly different from season 2 (1.92 ± 1.07 ppb; 1.30 ± 1.50 ppb). Our findings suggest that although training farmers to adopt good agricultural practices was observed to be efficient in mitigating the problem of aflatoxins, the receptiveness of farmers to different aspects of the training may have differed. Therefore, in designing an optimized regional aflatoxin contamination strategy, local applicability should be considered.

scholarly journals Effects of the Use of Good Agricultural Practices on Aflatoxin Levels in Maize Grown in Nandi County, Kenya

Sci ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Grace Nkirote Marete ◽  
Laetitia Wakonyu Kanja ◽  
James Mucunu Mbaria ◽  
Mitchel Otieno Okumu ◽  
Penina Afwande Ateku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Good Agricultural Practices ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice ◽  
Practice Gap ◽  
The Mean

Aflatoxin contaminated maize is of public health concern in Kenya. Training farmers on good agricultural practice (GAP) has been touted as a mitigative measure. Little is known of the effect of such training on aflatoxin levels in maize grown in Kenya. This study evaluated what effect training farmers on GAP has on aflatoxin levels in maize grown in Kaptumo, Kilibwoni, and Kipkaren divisions in Nandi County. Ninety farmers were recruited for the study and interviewed on GAP. Maize samples were additionally collected from the participating farmers and analyzed for aflatoxins using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA). All farmers prepared the land before planting, applied correct spacing between the planted crops, carried out weeding, cleaned their stores before use, checked the condition of the maize after harvesting, sorted maize after shelling, and knew about aflatoxins. The majority of the farmers (90%) used fertilizers, dried maize after harvesting, knew that aflatoxins were harmful to humans, and used clean transport in transporting the harvested maize. About 98% of farmers did stooking after harvesting and 97% used wooden pallets in the maize stores. The percentage of farmers who practiced early planting, top dressing, crop rotation, raising stores above the ground, applying insecticide after shelling and feeding damaged/rotten seeds to their animals was 84–96%, 62–80%, 67–85%, 86–98%, 63–81%, and 7–21% respectively. About 18/90 (20%) of all farmers reported that they had a relative who had died from liver cancer, and the mean aflatoxin levels in season 1 were significantly different from those in season 2 (1.92 ± 1.07 ppb; 1.30 ± 1.50 ppb). Our findings suggest that although training farmers to adopt good agricultural practices was observed to be efficient in mitigating the problem of aflatoxins, the receptiveness of farmers to different aspects of the training may have differed. Therefore, in designing an optimized regional aflatoxin contamination strategy, local applicability should be considered.

Effects of the Use of Good Agricultural Practices on Aflatoxin Levels in Maize Grown in Nandi County, Kenya

Sci ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Marete ◽  
Laetitia Kanja ◽  
James Mbaria ◽  
Mitchel Okumu ◽  
Penina Ateku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Farmer Field Schools ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice ◽  
Practice Gap ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Field Schools

Aflatoxin contaminated maize is of public health concern in Kenya. Training farmers on good agricultural practice (GAP) has been touted as a mitigative measure. Little is known of the effect of such training on aflatoxin levels in maize grown in Kenya. This study evaluated what effect training farmers on GAP has on aflatoxin levels in maize grown in Kaptumo, Kilibwoni, and Kipkaren divisions in Nandi County, Kenya. Ninety farmers were recruited into farmer field schools and a questionnaire on GAP administered to each farmer. Maize samples were collected from the farmers and analyzed for aflatoxins using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA). All farmers weeded their farms before planting, prepared the land, correctly spaced the seedlings, sorted the maize after shelling, cleaned stores before use and knew that aflatoxins were harmful to humans and animals. Eighty-one farmers did early planting, 88/90 did stooking after harvesting, 89/90 applied fertilizer, 89/90 cleared bushes around the stores, 87/90 used wooden pallets to store maize, 89/90 dried maize after harvesting, 83/90 did crop rotation, and 89/90 used clean transport. Moreover, 62/90 had a relative who had died from liver cancer, 13/90 had fed damaged/rotten seeds to animals, and 45/90 had stored harvested seeds on the ground. The mean aflatoxin levels in season 1 were significantly different from season 2 (1.918 ± 1.065; 1.301 ± 1.501). Our findings suggest that some aspects of the training on GAP were better received than others. Training farmers on GAP results in a decrease in aflatoxin levels in maize grown in Nandi County. Farmers in other maize growing areas of Kenya may benefit from similar training on GAP.

scholarly journals ACCEPTANCE OF GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES (GAP) AMONG INDEPENDENT OIL PALM SMALLHOLDERS IN MALAYSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (16) ◽  
pp. 01-12
Author(s):  
Nur Hanani Mansor ◽  
Nazirah Che Jaafar ◽  
Mohamad Arfan Johari ◽  
Parthiban Kannan ◽  
Say Peng Tan
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Good Agricultural Practices ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice ◽  
The Individual

Several oil palm sustainable certification schemes have been introduced in Malaysia such as MPOB Codes of Good Agricultural Practices (MPOB CoGAP) Certification, Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) certification, and Malaysia Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO) Certification. All these certifications have been successfully accepted in many of the oil palm estates except the ISH. There is a big challenge to certify the Malaysian ISH because they are lack farm management practice. Therefore, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) has introduced the individual sustainable certification to the ISH, which is known as Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) certification. This paper's main objectives are to identify the GAP acceptance level (compliant, partial-compliant, and non-compliant) recommended by MPOB and determine the factors affecting GAP certification acceptance among the ISH in Malaysia. This study was conducted in all states in Malaysia, and the data were collected from a total of 400 respondents selected through the Proportionate Random Sampling Method. The results showed that 58% of the ISH partially comply by receiving the GAP certificate. while only 26% fulfilled the requirements, thus eligible for GAP certification. Two factors that significantly influenced the GAP compliance among the ISH were the respondents' education level and the age of palm oil plantation. The results of this study indicated that GAP on fertiliser application and record-keeping were adopted by the ISH and significantly affecting their compliant level of MPOB GAP Certification among ISH.

Good Agricultural Practice in the United States: Conservation and Climate

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Rosso Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Good Agricultural Practices ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice ◽  
Environmental Requirements

Agriculture depends on the environment for production of food and fibre, yet agricultural activities may emit harmful pollutants. US law and policy encourage sustainable agriculture. Good agricultural practices, especially those that protect the environment and foster conservation, play a significant role in sustainability. US law imposes relatively few environmental requirements on producers, but offers numerous financial and other incentives for good agricultural practices. Policy discussions about the environmental effects of agricultural production often address two significant issues: the balance between mandatory and voluntary measures to protect the environment and the potential role of agriculture in mitigating climate change and sequestering carbon.

scholarly journals Some Elemental Content of Soil Within Catchment of River Jakara in Kano, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Dike N. I. ◽  
S. J. Oniye
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

The use of untreated urban wastes and domestic sewage contaminated water for the irrigation of agricultural soils is on the rise particularly in the developing countries and is a public health concern with regards to the consumption of vegetables and fruits produced in them which may indirectly accumulate heavy metals in their edible portions. Using the atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, K (essential bulk elements), Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Co and Fe (trace elements) were determined in 3 designated areas within the catchment area of River Jakara in Kano Nigeria. Samples were collected from two depths 0-15cm and 15-30cm to cover both dry and wet seasons. The mean concentrations of elements obtained ranged from 0.026 mg/g Cd to 46.83 mg/g Fe and occurred in the magnitude of Fe > Ca > K > Na > Pb >Zn > Co > Cu >Cr > Ni > Cd. The concentrations of the trace elements in the soils in the two depths exceeded the international recommended permissible limits establishing the pollution of the irrigation soils with the trace elements investigated. Based on the findings, it is recommended among others that the relevant organ of government should find an alternative farmland for the farmers within the catchment area of River Jakara where unpolluted waste sources can be utilized for the irrigation of vegetables.

scholarly journals PEMBERDAYAAN PETANI JERUK MELALUI BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN MASYARAKAT (Desa Sumbersekar, Kecamatan Dau, Kabupaten Malang)

J-Dinamika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-204
Author(s):  
Zainol Arifin ◽  
Cahyo Sasmito ◽  
Cakti Indra Gunawana
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice ◽  
Practice Gap

Sebagai penopang pendapatan asli desa sumbersekar, untuk meningkatkan asli pendapatan desa sumbersekar Dau Malang, maka tuntutan kedepan adalah membayar pajak desa sesuai dengan ketentuan. Untuk itu sebagai masyarakat petani umumnya Desa Sumbersekar memiliki potensi antara lain, padi, jagung, singkong, dan Jeruk merupakan hal yang perlu ditingkatkan produksinya. Pelatihan Manajemen Badan Usaha Milik  Desa (BUMDES) :Manajemen SDM dalam hal perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pemahaman dan pendefinisian terhadap kerja  sehingga masing-masing divisi memahami tugas dan fungsinya serta dapat meningkatkan kinerja dari divisi. Selain itu, dalam hal perencanaan program kerja perlu diberikan pembinaan tentang pembuatan program kerja yang terjadwal  sehingga program kerja menjadi lebih terarah dan dapat meningkatkan kinerja daripada Badan  usaha Milik Desa. Manajemen keuangan, dalam hal pembukuan atau pencatatan transaksi keuangan sehingga mereka dapat mengetahui berapa besarnya pemasukan dan pengeluaran setiap musimnya, dengan pembuatan jurnal sederhana untuk mencatat setiap transaksi keuangan, maka dapat membentuk arus kas serta melakukan analisis terhadap arus kas  untuk setiap musimnya, sehingga dapat menjadi pedoman atau acuan bagi usaha masyarakat dan petani jeruk  dalam hal perencanaan keuangan sehingga hutang atau pinjaman yang tidak terduga dapat diminimalisir.                 Pelatihan Model Pemberdayaan Petani Jeruk, Cara Pemupukan, dan Panen, serta penyimpanan yang baik dan benar. Pelatihan teknologi budidaya tanaman Jeruk  sesuai dengan standart  good agricultural practice (GAP). Untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas bahan baku yang dipakai sebagai sari jeruk.                   Pelatihan pemanfaatan teknologi tepat guna. Kedepan BUMDES pada tanaman Jeruk akan mampu memasarkan dan menjual produk mereka tanpa dibatasi oleh waktu dan tempat, sehingga akan mempercepat perkembangan usaha dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan usaha masyarakat  petani jeruk  .

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Tramadol-Associated Seizure

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 26674.1-26674.5
Author(s):  
Maryam Zaare Nahandi ◽  
◽  
Sayna Abbaszadeh ◽  
Mostafa Mansouri ◽  
Haniyeh Elahifard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Previous History ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Higher Doses

Background: Tramadol is a widely prescribed analgesic and due to its opioid-like effects, the potential for abuse of tramadol is noticeable. Besides, the complications of tramadol abuse have become a public health concern. This study aimed to investigate the affecting factors on the seizure, as one of the most common complications of tramadol consumption. Methods: A total number of 64 patients from 315 patients who were referred to Sina Hospital, Tabriz, Iran because of tramadol toxicity were included in this 9 months cross-sectional retrospective study. Results: There were 52 males and 12 females in the study. The seizure happened in 53.1% of the subjects and the Mean±SD time between tramadol consumption and seizure was 5.9±7.36 hours. There was no significant association between seizure and sex, age, the dose of tramadol, and previous tramadol consumption history. A significant association was seen between the dose of tramadol and the time of seizure. Conclusion: Seizure that happens due to tramadol overdose is not dependent on sex, age, and previous history of tramadol consumption. As the dose of tramadol is higher, the seizure happens later. More research is needed to understand why the seizure occurs later in higher doses.

scholarly journals A Review on Mycotoxins and Microfungi in Spices in the Light of the Last Five Years

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 789
Author(s):  
Darina Pickova ◽  
Vladimir Ostry ◽  
Jan Malir ◽  
Jakub Toman ◽  
Frantisek Malir
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Good Manufacturing Practice ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Hygienic Practice ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice ◽  
Practice Gap

Spices are imported worldwide mainly from developing countries with tropical and/or subtropical climate. Local conditions, such as high temperature, heavy rainfall, and humidity, promote fungal growth leading to increased occurrence of mycotoxins in spices. Moreover, the lack of good agricultural practice (GAP), good manufacturing practice (GMP), and good hygienic practice (GHP) in developing countries are of great concern. This review summarizes recent data from a total of 56 original papers dealing with mycotoxins and microfungi in various spices in the last five years. A total of 38 kinds of spices, 17 mycotoxins, and 14 microfungi are discussed in the review. Worldwide, spices are rather overlooked in terms of mycotoxin regulations, which usually only cover aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA). In this paper, an extensive attention is devoted to the limits on mycotoxins in spices in the context of the European Union (EU) as well as other countries. As proven in this review, the incidence of AFs and OTA, as well as other mycotoxins, is relatively high in many spices; thus, the preparation of new regulation limits is advisable.

Good Agricultural Practice (GAP)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald R. Stephenson ◽  
Ian G. Ferris ◽  
Patrick T. Holland ◽  
Monica Nordberg
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice ◽  
Practice Gap
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