scholarly journals Some Elemental Content of Soil Within Catchment of River Jakara in Kano, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Dike N. I. ◽  
S. J. Oniye
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

The use of untreated urban wastes and domestic sewage contaminated water for the irrigation of agricultural soils is on the rise particularly in the developing countries and is a public health concern with regards to the consumption of vegetables and fruits produced in them which may indirectly accumulate heavy metals in their edible portions. Using the atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, K (essential bulk elements), Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Co and Fe (trace elements) were determined in 3 designated areas within the catchment area of River Jakara in Kano Nigeria. Samples were collected from two depths 0-15cm and 15-30cm to cover both dry and wet seasons. The mean concentrations of elements obtained ranged from 0.026 mg/g Cd to 46.83 mg/g Fe and occurred in the magnitude of Fe > Ca > K > Na > Pb >Zn > Co > Cu >Cr > Ni > Cd. The concentrations of the trace elements in the soils in the two depths exceeded the international recommended permissible limits establishing the pollution of the irrigation soils with the trace elements investigated. Based on the findings, it is recommended among others that the relevant organ of government should find an alternative farmland for the farmers within the catchment area of River Jakara where unpolluted waste sources can be utilized for the irrigation of vegetables.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Tramadol-Associated Seizure

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 26674.1-26674.5
Author(s):  
Maryam Zaare Nahandi ◽  
◽  
Sayna Abbaszadeh ◽  
Mostafa Mansouri ◽  
Haniyeh Elahifard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Previous History ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Higher Doses

Background: Tramadol is a widely prescribed analgesic and due to its opioid-like effects, the potential for abuse of tramadol is noticeable. Besides, the complications of tramadol abuse have become a public health concern. This study aimed to investigate the affecting factors on the seizure, as one of the most common complications of tramadol consumption. Methods: A total number of 64 patients from 315 patients who were referred to Sina Hospital, Tabriz, Iran because of tramadol toxicity were included in this 9 months cross-sectional retrospective study. Results: There were 52 males and 12 females in the study. The seizure happened in 53.1% of the subjects and the Mean±SD time between tramadol consumption and seizure was 5.9±7.36 hours. There was no significant association between seizure and sex, age, the dose of tramadol, and previous tramadol consumption history. A significant association was seen between the dose of tramadol and the time of seizure. Conclusion: Seizure that happens due to tramadol overdose is not dependent on sex, age, and previous history of tramadol consumption. As the dose of tramadol is higher, the seizure happens later. More research is needed to understand why the seizure occurs later in higher doses.

scholarly journals Effects of the Use of Good Agricultural Practices on Aflatoxin Levels in Maize Grown in Nandi County, Kenya

Sci ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Grace Nkirote Marete ◽  
Laetitia Wakonyu Kanja ◽  
James Mucunu Mbaria ◽  
Mitchel Otieno Okumu ◽  
Penina Afwande Ateku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Good Agricultural Practices ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice ◽  
Practice Gap ◽  
The Mean

Aflatoxin contaminated maize is of public health concern in Kenya. Training farmers on good agricultural practice (GAP) has been touted as a mitigative measure. Little is known of the effect of such training on aflatoxin levels in maize grown in Kenya. This study evaluated what effect training farmers on GAP has on aflatoxin levels in maize grown in in maize grown in Kaptumo, Kilibwoni, and Kipkaren divisions in Nandi County. Ninety farmers were recruited for the study and interviewed on GAP. Maize samples were additionally collected from the participating farmers and analyzed for aflatoxins using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA). All farmers prepared the land before planting, did correct spacing between the planted crops, carried out weeding, cleaned their stores before use, checked the condition of the maize after harvesting, sorted maize after shelling, and knew aflatoxins. A majority of the farmers (90%) used fertilizers, dried maize after harvesting, knew that aflatoxins were harmful to humans, and used clean transport in transporting the harvested maize. About 98% of farmers did stooking after harvesting and 97% used wooden pallets in the maize stores. The percentage of farmers who practiced early planting, top dressing, crop rotation, raising stores above the ground, applying insecticide after shelling and feeding damaged/rotten seeds to their animals was 84–96%, 62–80%, 67–85%, 86–98%, 63–81%, and 7–21% respectively. About 18/90 (20%) of all farmers reported that they had a relative who had died from liver cancer and the mean aflatoxin levels in season 1 were significantly different from season 2 (1.92 ± 1.07 ppb; 1.30 ± 1.50 ppb). Our findings suggest that although training farmers to adopt good agricultural practices was observed to be efficient in mitigating the problem of aflatoxins, the receptiveness of farmers to different aspects of the training may have differed. Therefore, in designing an optimized regional aflatoxin contamination strategy, local applicability should be considered.

Assessment of Trace Elements in the Demersal Fishes of a Coastal River in Bangladesh: a Public Health Concern

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 641-655
Author(s):  
Mir Mohammad Ali ◽  
M. Lokman Ali ◽  
Ram Proshad ◽  
Saiful Islam ◽  
Zillur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Coastal River ◽  
Demersal Fishes

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DAS CONDIÇÕES BUCAIS DE PACIENTES OBESOS

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Farias Santos ◽  
Rosane Borges Dias ◽  
Roberta Catapano Naves ◽  
Andrea Nóbrega Cavalcanti ◽  
Érica Del Peloso Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Dmft Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dental Professional ◽  
Oral Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

The prevalence of obesity has increased in recent decades, becoming a public health concern because this condition is a risk factor for the development of several systemic diseases. It can also be related to oral conditions such as dental caries and periodontal disease. Since obesity may influence the oral health of individuals, seeking to clarify the relationship between them is of great interest to health professionals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the oral conditions of obese individuals. The sample consisted of 30 obese non-smokers, systemically healthy, who had not received periodontal treatment within the last 6 months or used antibiotics and / or inflammatory in the last 3 months. The complete periodontal clinical examination, DMFT Index and Body Mass Index (BMI) were performed. The morning breath of the subjects was also made using the Halimeter®. Periodontitis was found in 80%, of the population,the mean DMFT was 14.73, the average visible plaque index, gingival index were 43.69% and 51, 87%, respectively. Given these results, it is clear the importance of dental professional should work as a promoter of health for the population studied.

scholarly journals Seasonal and Spatial Distribution of Soil Trace Elements around Kitchener Drain in the Northern Nile Delta, Egypt

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Aitta ◽  
Hassan El-Ramady ◽  
Tarek Alshaal ◽  
Ahmed El-Henawy ◽  
Mohamed Shams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Dredged Materials ◽  
Spatial And Seasonal Variation ◽  
Soil Trace Elements

The pollution of agricultural soils, water and plants by trace elements (TEs) in the Nile Delta Region, Egypt, is of great importance. This study aimed to investigate the spatial and seasonal variation of some TEs in the agricultural area adjacent to Kitchener Drain and to evaluate the ecological risk posed by these elements using six indices. Soil and plant samples were collected from seven sites close to the drain, while water samples were collected from the corresponding sites inside the drain during three seasons (winter, spring and fall). The results showed that all studied TEs in the soil varied seasonally and spatially among the locations around the drain. Most of the studied elements in the soil were higher in the southern and middle area around the drain. All studied elements in the soil were also higher in the winter than other seasons. Nickel and lead were almost non-detected during all seasons in plant tissues, while other elements were higher in the winter than other seasons. In contrast to the soil and plant tissues, water samples demonstrated lower or non-detected levels of TEs. The results also indicated that the values for the risk assessment indices differed among the studied TEs. Therefore, there is a risk of increasing the concentration of some metals in the study area due to anthropogenic pollution from the adjacent polluted drain through irrigation with contaminated water and spreading of contaminated dredged materials on agricultural fields.

scholarly journals Time-Homogeneous Markov Process for Low Birth Weight Progression under Treatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-140
Author(s):  
Michael Fosu Ofori ◽  
Stephen Boakye Twum ◽  
Osborne A. Y. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Homogeneous Markov Process ◽  
Multiple Indicators ◽  
The Mean ◽  
State 1

Background: Low birth weight incidence is quite high in the sub region, which has a public health concern. The weight of a baby at birth has dire consequences on the child as an infant, in childhood and as an adult. Methods: The aim of this study was to explore and examine the spread and gravity of incidence of low birth weight by using a multi-state model to understand low birth weight progression. This study utilised data by Ghana Statistical Service from Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey conducted in 2011 to monitor progress of children and women. Results: The multi-state Markov model dealt into the low birth weight transitions and severity under three treatments where transition intensities, transition probabilities and the mean sojourn times were estimated which show that low birth weight children tend to spend less time in bad states than in good states. Conclusion: Generally, the survival of a low birth weight child in future time decreases from state 1 to state 4, hence treatment must be applied on time.

Is “not applicable” option in Internet Addiction Questionnaire affect its results? An exploration of results using four different methods (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
PohYing Lim ◽  
Norliza Ahmad ◽  
Rosliza Abdul Manaf ◽  
Thanendran Nair Asokan ◽  
Nor Syasya Dayana Norlen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Public University ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Significant Public Health Concern ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
The Mean

BACKGROUND Internet addiction problem is becoming a significant public health concern nowadays, especially during Covid-19 pandemic. Internet Addiction Test (IAT) is one of the most popular questionnaires for evaluating the internet addiction level. Using the same questionnaire in the similar population, the prevalence of IA was ranging from 28.3% to 66.6% with possibly due to the Likert scale used. Different methods on treating “not applicable” option in the Likert scale used in IAT questionnaire might increase the variability in results, and this might not be aware especially when comparing the results among studies. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to compare the differences of results in terms of total scores and prevalence of IA on using four different methods on dealing with the “not applicable” option on the IAT questionnaire. METHODS A total of 417 undergraduate students were recruited from a public university in Malaysia to fill in the IAT questionnaire with six Likert scale that include the following options from “not applicable”, “rarely”, “occasionally”, “frequently”, “often” and “always”. The total score and prevalence of IA for four different methods (Method 1, Method 2, Method 3 and Method 4) on treating “not applicable” option were be compared. RESULTS Out of 20 questions in IAT questionnaire, there were 11 questions had more than 80% of answer rate but no question with 100% answer rate. Only 17.5% of respondents answered all the questions. The Cronbach alpha test showed that four methods had good reliability value (0.910-0.945). The mean ± standard deviation of total scores of IA for Method 1, Method 2, Method 3 and Method 4 were significantly different, with 49.15±15.60, 40.50±17.50, 44.31±15.11 and 48.15±15.08 respectively (P<0.001). Method 1 had significant highest prevalence of IA (43.4%), followed with Method 4 (40.0%), Method 2 (28.3%) and Method 3 (17.3%) (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Four methods on treating the “not applicable” option in the IAT questionnaire showed significant different results, with Method 1 showed significant highest mean total score and prevalence of IA compared to other methods. Researchers are advised to choose an appropriate method on treating the “not applicable” questions, and also be aware of this when comparing the results among different studies.

scholarly journals May Measurement Month 2018: an analysis of blood pressure screening in Libya

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_H) ◽  
pp. H77-H79
Author(s):  
Thomas Beaney ◽  
Anca Chis Ster ◽  
Neil R Poulter ◽  
Xin Xia ◽  
Hatem Fageh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Antihypertensive Treatment ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
National Centre ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cardiac Society

Abstract Elevated blood pressure (BP) is an important public health concern and leads to several adverse cardiovascular outcomes. In the stepwise survey done in Libya by the Libyan Cardiac Society and National Centre for Disease Control in 2009, the percentage of hypertension was 40.6%. To raise awareness of high BP and to highlight the size of the problem and the need for screening. A cross-sectional opportunistic study included men and women aged ≥18 years. Blood pressure was measured three times and a questionnaire was completed. Hypertension was defined as BP ≥140/90 mmHg based on the mean of the 2nd and 3rd readings, or on antihypertensive treatment. Among 7279 participants, the mean age was 44.3 ± 14.8 years, 57.8% male, 2567 (35.3%) of the participants had hypertension of whom 63.4% were aware of having hypertension, 55.8% on medication, and of those on medication 50.9% had controlled BP. This survey identified a high proportion of individuals with high BP, which highlights the need for a more strategic approach to fighting hypertension.

scholarly journals A demographic survey on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites based on socioeconomic determinants in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 1738-1743
Author(s):  
Shumaila Irum ◽  
Arbab Ahsan ◽  
Haroon Ahmed ◽  
Aisha Khan ◽  
Guan Yayi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Wet Mount ◽  
Stool Samples

Introduction: The present study was conducted to investigate prevalence of intestinal parasites and the risk factors related to socio-demographic characteristics of patients admitted in pathology ward, General Hospital, Gujranwala. Methodology: 318 stool samples were collected from patients and examined under light microscope by using wet mount technique. While socio-demographic information was collected in the form of a questionnaire. Results: The results showed seven (n = 7) species of intestinal parasites were prevalent in stool samples of patients. Among them, four (n = 4) were helminth and three (n = 3) were protozoan parasites causing single and mixed infections. Overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 78.3% (n = 249/318) considering both male and female patients. Highest prevalence was recorded for A. lumbricoides (n = 125, 39.3%) followed by H. nana (n = 10, 3.1%), S. stercoralis and T. saginata (n = 6, 1.9%). Among protozoan parasites, higher prevalence was recorded in G. lamblia (n = 23, 7.2%) followed by E. histolytica (n = 21, 6.6%). Among single infections, the most prevalent parasite was A. lumbricoides and less prevalent parasites were S. stercoralis and T. saginata. The factors that had significant effect (p < 0.05) on prevalence of parasitic species were contaminated water, food, soil, and surrounding environment. Conclusions: The present study determined that the parasite helminth (A. lumbricoides, H. nana, S. stercoralis, T. saginata) and protozoan (G. lamblia and E. histolytica) are common that pose an important public health concern in Pakistan.

Effects of the Use of Good Agricultural Practices on Aflatoxin Levels in Maize Grown in Nandi County, Kenya

Sci ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Marete ◽  
Laetitia Kanja ◽  
James Mbaria ◽  
Mitchel Okumu ◽  
Penina Ateku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Farmer Field Schools ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice ◽  
Practice Gap ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Field Schools

Aflatoxin contaminated maize is of public health concern in Kenya. Training farmers on good agricultural practice (GAP) has been touted as a mitigative measure. Little is known of the effect of such training on aflatoxin levels in maize grown in Kenya. This study evaluated what effect training farmers on GAP has on aflatoxin levels in maize grown in Kaptumo, Kilibwoni, and Kipkaren divisions in Nandi County, Kenya. Ninety farmers were recruited into farmer field schools and a questionnaire on GAP administered to each farmer. Maize samples were collected from the farmers and analyzed for aflatoxins using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA). All farmers weeded their farms before planting, prepared the land, correctly spaced the seedlings, sorted the maize after shelling, cleaned stores before use and knew that aflatoxins were harmful to humans and animals. Eighty-one farmers did early planting, 88/90 did stooking after harvesting, 89/90 applied fertilizer, 89/90 cleared bushes around the stores, 87/90 used wooden pallets to store maize, 89/90 dried maize after harvesting, 83/90 did crop rotation, and 89/90 used clean transport. Moreover, 62/90 had a relative who had died from liver cancer, 13/90 had fed damaged/rotten seeds to animals, and 45/90 had stored harvested seeds on the ground. The mean aflatoxin levels in season 1 were significantly different from season 2 (1.918 ± 1.065; 1.301 ± 1.501). Our findings suggest that some aspects of the training on GAP were better received than others. Training farmers on GAP results in a decrease in aflatoxin levels in maize grown in Nandi County. Farmers in other maize growing areas of Kenya may benefit from similar training on GAP.

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