scholarly journals The Influence of Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Accumulation of Sennosides A and B in Senna alexandrina and Senna italica

Separations ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Mashail N. AlZain ◽  
Abdulrahman A. AlAtar ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi ◽  
Ramzi A. Mothana ◽  
Omar M. Noman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Concentration Method ◽  
Symbiotic Relation ◽  
Senna Alexandrina

Symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a major role in plant development, growth, and relationships with the environment through a change in the accumulation of secondary metabolites; hence, we planned to investigate AMF’s influence on sennoside A and B accumulation in Senna alexandrina (SA) and Senna italica (SI). Seeds of SA (S. alexandrina free of mycorrhizae) and SI (S. italica free of mycorrhizae) were planted in two types of soils: +mycorrhiza and—mycorrhiza. The plant leaves of SA, SI, S. alexandrina with mycorrhizae (SAM) and S. italica with mycorrhizae (SIM) were collected and extracted (with 85% methanol), and sennoside A and B content was evaluated by the HPLC–UV method. The antioxidant activity of SA, SI, SAM and SIM was evaluated by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) methods, while antimicrobial properties were evaluated by the minimum inhibitory concentration method (MIC). The AMF colonization was 85.66% and 85%, respectively, in the roots of SA and SI. The HPLC analysis showed a significant increase in (%) the content of sennoside A/sennoside B by 71.11/88.21, respectively, in SAM and 6.76/36.37 in SIM, which clearly indicated positive AMF effects. The DPPH/ABTS [The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50): 235.9/321.5 µg/mL] scavenging activity of SAM was comparatively higher and it also exhibited strong antibacterial action (MIC: 156.25 µg/mL), which supported the increase in sennoside content. This finding may be useful for further investigations of the symbiotic relation of mycorrhizal fungi with other plant species.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and phytochemical potentials of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Fapohunda ◽  
O. J. Olawuyi ◽  
C. P. Okei
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Glomus Clarum ◽  
Hexane Extracts

Studies were carried out on the antimicrobial effect of aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic and hexane extracts of mycorrhizal fungi; Glomus clarum and Gigaspora gigantea against selected pathogenic microorganisms using well-plate and disc-diffusion methods. The highest antibacterial inhibitory activities (10 mm) were recorded for methanolic extract of Glomus clarum against Proteus vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Hexane extract of G. clarum produced the highest antifungal activities (20 mm) against Aspergillus flavus. Generally, the antimicrobial activity of Glomus clarum extracts was significantly higher than that of Gigaspora gigantea. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.1-0.4 mL for the extracts. Shigella sonnei was resistant to all extracts. The phytochemical screening carried out for the extracts showed that all extracts contained alkaloids and anthraquinone.

Temporal dynamics of mycorrhizal fungal communities and co-associations with grassland plant communities following experimental manipulation of rainfall

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coline Deveautour ◽  
Sally Power ◽  
Kirk Barnett ◽  
Raul Ochoa-Hueso ◽  
Suzanne Donn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Rainfall Regimes

Climate models project overall a reduction in rainfall amounts and shifts in the timing of rainfall events in mid-latitudes and sub-tropical dry regions, which threatens the productivity and diversity of grasslands. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may help plants to cope with expected changes but may also be impacted by changing rainfall, either via the direct effects of low soil moisture on survival and function or indirectly via changes in the plant community. In an Australian mesic grassland (former pasture) system, we characterised plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities every six months for nearly four years to two altered rainfall regimes: i) ambient, ii) rainfall reduced by 50% relative to ambient over the entire year and iii) total summer rainfall exclusion. Using Illumina sequencing, we assessed the response of AM fungal communities sampled from contrasting rainfall treatments and evaluated whether variation in AM fungal communities was associated with variation in plant community richness and composition. We found that rainfall reduction influenced the fungal communities, with the nature of the response depending on the type of manipulation, but that consistent results were only observed after more than two years of rainfall manipulation. We observed significant co-associations between plant and AM fungal communities on multiple dates. Predictive co-correspondence analyses indicated more support for the hypothesis that fungal community composition influenced plant community composition than vice versa. However, we found no evidence that altered rainfall regimes were leading to distinct co-associations between plants and AM fungi. Overall, our results provide evidence that grassland plant communities are intricately tied to variation in AM fungal communities. However, in this system, plant responses to climate change may not be directly related to impacts of altered rainfall regimes on AM fungal communities. Our study shows that AM fungal communities respond to changes in rainfall but that this effect was not immediate. The AM fungal community may influence the composition of the plant community. However, our results suggest that plant responses to altered rainfall regimes at our site may not be resulting via changes in the AM fungal communities.

CO-INOCULATION OF AZOSPIRILLUM AND ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN DIRECT SEEDED RICE

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Patil and G. P. Santhosh S. C. Patil and G. P. Santhosh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Direct Seeded

Relationship between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Soil Enzyme Activities of Beach Plum in Fujiabian Hilly Area

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Xue-Ming ZAI ◽  
Zhen-Ping HAO ◽  
Huan-Shi ZHANG ◽  
Pei QIN ◽  
Feng-Xia LUO
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Soil Enzyme Activities ◽  
Hilly Area ◽  
Beach Plum

Dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with desert ephemeral plants in Gurbantunggut Desert

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao ZHANG ◽  
ChangYan TIAN ◽  
Yu SUN ◽  
DengSha BAI ◽  
Gu FENG
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Gurbantunggut Desert ◽  
Ephemeral Plants ◽  
Gurbantünggüt Desert
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