scholarly journals Antimicrobial and phytochemical potentials of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Fapohunda ◽  
O. J. Olawuyi ◽  
C. P. Okei
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Glomus Clarum ◽  
Hexane Extracts

Studies were carried out on the antimicrobial effect of aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic and hexane extracts of mycorrhizal fungi; Glomus clarum and Gigaspora gigantea against selected pathogenic microorganisms using well-plate and disc-diffusion methods. The highest antibacterial inhibitory activities (10 mm) were recorded for methanolic extract of Glomus clarum against Proteus vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Hexane extract of G. clarum produced the highest antifungal activities (20 mm) against Aspergillus flavus. Generally, the antimicrobial activity of Glomus clarum extracts was significantly higher than that of Gigaspora gigantea. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.1-0.4 mL for the extracts. Shigella sonnei was resistant to all extracts. The phytochemical screening carried out for the extracts showed that all extracts contained alkaloids and anthraquinone.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activities ofGinkgo bilobaL. Leaf Extracts

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 2237-2242 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Sati ◽  
Savita Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Erwinia Chrysanthemi ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Broth Dilution

The antibacterial activity of methanol, ethanol, chloroform, and hexane extracts of the leaves of Himalayan gymnospermous plantGinkgo bilobaL. was assessed against five animal and plant pathogenic strains (Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Erwinia chrysanthemi, and Xanthomonas phaseoli) employing disc-diffusion and broth-dilution assays. The methanol extract showed the highest activity (zone of inhibition of 15–21 mm) followed by ethanol (14–19 mm), chloroform (15–20 mm), and hexane (14–19 mm) extracts at 250 μg/mL. A minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 7.8 μg/mL was found for the methanol extract against most of the pathogens tested.

scholarly journals ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN SEEDLING FORMATION OF BARBADOS CHERRY (Malpighia emarginata D.C.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-380
Author(s):  
EDUARDO MENDONÇA PINHEIRO ◽  
CAMILA PINHEIRO NOBRE ◽  
THAYANNA VIEIRA COSTA ◽  
ORLANDO CARLOS HUERTAS TAVARES ◽  
JOSÉ RIBAMAR GUSMÃO ARAUJO
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Glomus Clarum ◽  
Malpighia Emarginata ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Amf Inoculation

ABSTRACT The use of beneficial microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may favor both the growth phase and the stabilization of the seedlings after transplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inoculation of different AMF species on the development of Barbados cherry seedlings from herbaceous and semi-hardwood cuttings. Softwood and semi-hardwood cuttings, previously rooted, were planted in 500 ml tubes filled with Plantmax® substrate and inoculated with three species of mycorrhizal fungi (Gigaspora margarita - Gimarg, Claroideoglomus etunicatum - Claetun and Glomus clarum - Glclar) isolated and combined (Gimarg + Claetun, Gimarg + Glclar, Claetun + Glclar and Gimarg + Claetun + Glclar). The statistical design was completely randomized in factorial scheme 2 x 8 (two types of cuttings and eight types of inoculation, including control without AMF inoculation) with ten replications. The seedlings were kept in a greenhouse for 100 days and height was measured every 15 days to determine the absolute and relative growth rate (AGR and RGR). At the end of the experiment the seedlings were sacrificed and determined height, fresh and dry shoot mass and root and mycorrhizal colonization rate. The results indicate potential for production of Malpighia emarginata D.C. seedlings inoculated with AMF with tendency to reduce the time for transplanting. The Gimarg + Claetun combination promoted higher rates of absolute growth and height of seedlings from herbaceous cuttings. The species Glomus clarum, isolated or associated with C. etunicatum, promoted higher colonization rates in herbaceous and semi-hardwood seedlings, respectively.

scholarly journals The Influence of Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Accumulation of Sennosides A and B in Senna alexandrina and Senna italica

Separations ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Mashail N. AlZain ◽  
Abdulrahman A. AlAtar ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi ◽  
Ramzi A. Mothana ◽  
Omar M. Noman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Concentration Method ◽  
Symbiotic Relation ◽  
Senna Alexandrina

Symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a major role in plant development, growth, and relationships with the environment through a change in the accumulation of secondary metabolites; hence, we planned to investigate AMF’s influence on sennoside A and B accumulation in Senna alexandrina (SA) and Senna italica (SI). Seeds of SA (S. alexandrina free of mycorrhizae) and SI (S. italica free of mycorrhizae) were planted in two types of soils: +mycorrhiza and—mycorrhiza. The plant leaves of SA, SI, S. alexandrina with mycorrhizae (SAM) and S. italica with mycorrhizae (SIM) were collected and extracted (with 85% methanol), and sennoside A and B content was evaluated by the HPLC–UV method. The antioxidant activity of SA, SI, SAM and SIM was evaluated by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) methods, while antimicrobial properties were evaluated by the minimum inhibitory concentration method (MIC). The AMF colonization was 85.66% and 85%, respectively, in the roots of SA and SI. The HPLC analysis showed a significant increase in (%) the content of sennoside A/sennoside B by 71.11/88.21, respectively, in SAM and 6.76/36.37 in SIM, which clearly indicated positive AMF effects. The DPPH/ABTS [The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50): 235.9/321.5 µg/mL] scavenging activity of SAM was comparatively higher and it also exhibited strong antibacterial action (MIC: 156.25 µg/mL), which supported the increase in sennoside content. This finding may be useful for further investigations of the symbiotic relation of mycorrhizal fungi with other plant species.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory properties of Juglans Regia Leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1756-1759
Author(s):  
Asma Eswayah ◽  
Nahla Labyad ◽  
Fadilah Aleanizy ◽  
Amal Belaid ◽  
Fulwah Alqahtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Membrane Stabilization ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Agar Diffusion Method ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of methanolic extract of Juglans regia L. leaves (Walnut) grown in Libya were investiagted. Hot extraction method by methanol using Soxhlet apparatus was utilized.The antimicrobial effect was studied using agar diffusion method. Human red blood cell membrane stabilization (HRBC) method was used to estimate the anti-inflammatory properties of the leave extract. The extract of leaves exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25 and 50 mg/ml, respectively. In addition, the extract concentrations of 20, 40, and 100 μg/mL inhibited lysis of HRBC with values of 25.8%, 35.5%, and 70%, respectively. The results showed that the methanolic extract of Juglans regia leaves exhibited antibacterial activity against S. aureus, and antifungal activity against C. albican, and produced anti-inflammatory activity.

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF 3- (1- (3- HYDROXYPHENYL) AMINO) ETHYLIDENE) CHROMAN-2,4-DIONE AND ITS CORRESPONDING PALLADIUM(II) COMPLEX

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edina Avdović ◽  
◽  
Žiko B. Milanović ◽  
Milanka Radulović ◽  
Dušan S. Dimić
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Coumarin Derivative ◽  
The Other ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

In this manuscript, the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the previously synthesized coumarin derivative 3- (1- (3-hydroxyphenyl) amino) ethylidene) chroman-2,4-dione (L) and its corresponding palladium (II) complex (C) were examined. Their antimicrobial activity was screened against four strains of bacteria Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778) G+; Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 13709) G+; Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 27736) G-; and Escherichia coli (ATCC 2592) G-) and three strains of fungi (Aspergillus flavus (ATCC15517); Candida albicans (ATCC 10231); Fusarium oxysporum (ATCC 695) using disc diffusion and microdilution method. The obtained minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values by microdilution method for ligand and complex are similar for all tested bacteria and fungi, which means that both compounds have a similar antimicrobial effect. On the other hand, analysis of zone of inhibition (ZI) values for the tested compounds shows that the complex is generally somewhat more active than the ligand.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity in the methanolic, aqueous and hexane extracts of Calligonum polygonoides

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 205873841882127
Author(s):  
Saeed Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Akram
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Hexane Extracts

Calligonum polygonoides is locally called as Phog which belongs to the Polygonaceae family. It is traditionally used as an antifungal. The methanolic extract, hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract and aqueous extract were screened against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger in seven concentrations, that is, 1.8, 2.9, 6.5, 12.6, 25, 50 and 75 µg/mL/disc. Calligonum polygonoides showed significant activity against Candida albicans as the observed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is 6.5 µg/mL for methanolic extract, 9.8 µg/mL for ethyl acetate extract, whereas aqueous and hexane extracts showed no activity. Calligonum polygonoides did not show any significant activity against Aspergillus niger.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity potential of Manihot multifida (L.) Crantz (Euphorbiaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
RODRIGO L. FABRI ◽  
DANIEL S. DE SÁ ◽  
ANA PATRÍCIA O. PEREIRA ◽  
ELITA SCIO ◽  
DANIEL S. PIMENTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Manihot multifida (L.) Crantz (Euphorbiaceae) is widely used in popular medicine for the treatment of infected wounds. This study evaluated thein vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of this species against strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, known to cause infections in humans. The extracts showed minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) varying from 39 to 2500 µg/mL for antimicrobial activity. The methanolic extract of fruits, aqueous and hexane extracts of leaves showed a very strong activity against Candida albicans(ATCC 18804) with MIC of 39 µg/mL. Furthermore, the methanolic extract of M. multifida leaves exhibited DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging potential with inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 46.9 μg/mL, followed by hexane extract of leaves with IC50 values of 59.2 μg/mL. The cytotoxic activity against brine shrimp was stronger for the methanolic extract of leaves (lethal concentration - LC50 of 15.6 µg/mL). These results suggest that M. multifida has interesting antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Moreover, these results corroborate the popular use of this specie in treating fungal infections since it demonstrates significant activity againstC. albicans.

Response of spring wheat cultivars to Glomus clarum NT4 in a P-deficient soil containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisette J. C. Xavier ◽  
James J. Germida
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Glomus Clarum ◽  
Key Words Wheat ◽  
Use Efficiency

The dependency of four spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) Laura, Columbus, Neepawa and Katepwa on Glomus clarum NT4 in a P-deficient soil containing indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was assessed in a growth chamber. The wheat cultivars were grown with or without 1.5 g of a monospecific culture of Glomus clarum NT4 for 95 d. The NT4 inoculant had no significant (P < 0.05) impact on the growth or grain yield of Laura or Neepawa, but increased that of Columbus and reduced that of Katepwa. The shoot P or N concentration, or the shoot P use efficiency (PUE) was not affected by AMF inoculation. However, the grain P concentration of Laura was significantly (P < 0.05) greater in the NT4-inoculated plants compared with the control. Increases in the shoot and grain yield of NT4inoculated Columbus were associated with a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the grain PUE of the plants. The % AMF-colonized root was significantly higher in NT4-inoculated Laura, Columbus and Neepawa, but there was no effect on Katepwa. The dependency of the cultivar Columbus on AMF was apparently greater in this soil compared with the other cultivars. These results suggest that the four wheat cultivars not only varied in their susceptibility to AMF colonization, but also in their ability to exploit the rhizosphere AMF community which reflected on plant yield. Key words: Wheat cultivars, Glomus clarum NT4, AMF-cultivar interactions

scholarly journals The Study of Antimicrobial Activity of Citrullus colocynthis Seeds

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Sundus J. Al-Janabi ◽  
Ali O. Abed ◽  
Majda J. Durwish ◽  
Fitua M. GaAziztta
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Citrullus Colocynthis ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Hexane Extracts

Crude methanolic and hexane extracts of seeds of citrullus colocynthis were examined for antimicrobial effects of different concentrations ranging from (3.1- 50) mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Psendomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Entero coccus spp. and Candida albicans. The agar well diffusion methode was used in this study.The extract was found to be active against S.aureus, B.subtilis, P. vulgaris, K. pneumoniae, and PS. aeruginosa at concentrations of (50, 25, 12.5, 6.25) mg/ml.while S. pyogenes and L.monocytogenes were sensitie at (50, 25, 12.5) mg/ml. E. coli shown sensitivity at (50, 25)mg/ml. Enterococcus spp. and Salmonella typhi showed no response. Candida albicans was sensitive to all different concentrations. Hexane extract was less effective against the tested microorganisms than methanolic extract. The results support the notion that Citrullus colocynthis seeds extract may have a role in pharmacentical uses, like antimicrobial drugs.

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