scholarly journals Does Cold-Water Endurance Swimming Affect Pulmonary Function in Healthy Adults?

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Camilla R. Illidi ◽  
Julie Stang ◽  
Jørgen Melau ◽  
Jonny Hisdal ◽  
Trine Stensrud
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Exercise Induced

The acute effects of cold-water endurance swimming on the respiratory system have received little attention. We investigated pulmonary responses to cold-water endurance swimming in healthy recreational triathletes. Pulmonary function, alveolar diffusing capacity (DLCO), fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) and arterial oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2) were assessed in 19 healthy adults one hour before and 2.5 h after a cold-water (mean ± SD, 10 ± 0.9 °C) swim trial (62 ± 27 min). In addition, 12 out of the 19 participants measured pulmonary function, forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 3, 10, 20 and 45 min post-swim by maximal expiratory flow volume loops and DLCO by the single breath technique. FVC and FEV1 were significantly reduced 3 min post-swim (p = 0.02) (p = 0.04), respectively, and five of 12 participants (42%) experienced exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), defined as a ≥ 10% drop in FEV1. No significant changes were observed in pulmonary function 2.5 h post-swim. However, mean FENO and DLCO were significantly reduced by 7.1% and 8.1% (p = 0.01) and (p < 0.001), respectively, 2.5 h post-swim, accompanied by a 2.5% drop (p < 0.001) in SpO2. The absolute change in DLCO correlated significantly with the absolute decline in core temperature (r = 0.52; p = 0.02). Conclusion: Cold-water endurance swimming may affect the lungs in healthy recreational triathletes lasting up to 2.5 h post-swim. Some individuals appear to be more susceptible to pulmonary impairments than others, although these mechanisms need to be studied further.

scholarly journals Changes in pulmonary function and feasibility of portable continuous laryngoscopy during maximal uphill running

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000815
Author(s):  
Mette Engan ◽  
Ida Jansrud Hammer ◽  
Trine Stensrud ◽  
Hilde Gundersen ◽  
Elisabeth Edvardsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Video Laryngoscope ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Exercise Induced

ObjectiveTo evaluate changes in pulmonary function and feasibility of portable continuous laryngoscopy during maximal uphill running.MethodsHealthy volunteers participated in an uphill race. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were obtained before and 5 and 10 min after finishing the race. Capillary blood lactate concentration ([BLa-]) and Borg score for perceived exertion were registered immediately after the race. One participant wore a portable video-laryngoscope during the race, and the video was assessed for technical performance.ResultsTwenty adult subjects participated with a mean (SD) age of 40.2 (9.7) years. Mean (SD) race duration and post-exercise [BLa-] was 13.9 (2.3) min and 10.7 (2.1) mmol/L, respectively, and the median (range) Borg score for perceived exertion was 9 (5–10). Mean percentage change (95% CI) 5 and 10 min post-exercise in FEV1 were 6.9 (3.7 to 10.2) % and 5.9 (2.7 to 9.0) %, respectively, and in FVC 5.2 (2.3 to 8.1) % and 4.7 (1.6 to 7.9) %, respectively. The recorded video of the larynx was of good quality.ConclusionsMaximal aerobic field exercise induced bronchodilatation in the majority of the healthy non-asthmatic participants. It is feasible to perform continuous video-laryngoscopy during heavy uphill exercise.

Incidence of Exercise-Induced Asthma in Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (5s) ◽  
pp. 847-850
Author(s):  
C. Warren Bierman ◽  
Isamu Kawabori ◽  
William E. Pierson
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Running Exercise ◽  
Airway Function ◽  
Free Running ◽  
Asthma In Children ◽  
Exercise Induced

The incidence of exercise-induced asthma (EIA) was studied in 134 asthmatic, 102 nonasthmatic atopic, and 56 nonatopic children. Pulmonary function tests measuring forced vital capacity (FVC) and one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) were performed on each child prior to and serially for 20 minutes following free running exercise. The incidence of EIA among the asthmatic and atopic nonasthmatic children was 63% and 41% respectively, and 7% among control subjects. Airway function was studied prior to and after a standardized free running exercise test. Forty-one percent of the nonasthmatic and 63% of the asthmatic atopic children had a significant decrease in airway function as compared to 5% of the nonallergic subjects.

scholarly journals Pulmonary edema after competitive breath-hold diving

2008 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 986-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats H. Linér ◽  
Johan P. A. Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Chest Auscultation ◽  
M 12 ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

During an international breath-hold diving competition, 19 of the participating divers volunteered for the present study, aimed at elucidating possible symptoms and signs of pulmonary edema after deep dives. Measurements included dynamic spirometry and pulse oximetry, and chest auscultation was performed on those with the most severe symptoms. After deep dives (25–75 m), 12 of the divers had signs of pulmonary edema. None had any symptoms or signs after shallow pool dives. For the whole group of 19 divers, average reductions in forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) were −9 and −12%, respectively, after deep dives compared with after pool dives. In addition, the average reduction in arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) was −4% after the deep dives. In six divers, respiratory symptoms (including dyspnea, cough, fatigue, substernal chest pain or discomfort, and hemoptysis) were associated with aggravated deteriorations in the physiological variables (FVC: −16%; FEV1: −27%; SaO2: −11%). This is the first study showing reduced spirometric performance and arterial hypoxemia as consequences of deep breath-hold diving, and we suggest that the observed changes are caused by diving-induced pulmonary edema. From the results of the present study, it must be concluded that the great depths reached by these elite apnea divers are associated with a risk of pulmonary edema.

Assessment of factors affecting short-term pulmonary functions following cardiac surgery: A prospective observational study

2021 ◽  
pp. 021849232110100
Author(s):  
Neetika Katiyar ◽  
Sandeep Negi ◽  
Sunder Lal Negi ◽  
Goverdhan Dutt Puri ◽  
Shyam Kumar Singh Thingnam
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Operative Morbidity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Significant Impairment

Background Pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery are very common and lead to an increased incidence of post-operative morbidity and mortality. Several factors, either modifiable or non-modifiable, may contribute to the associated unfavorable consequences related to pulmonary function. This study was aimed to investigate the degree of alteration and factors influencing pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity), on third, fifth, and seventh post-operative days following cardiac surgery. Methods This study was executed in 71 patients who underwent on-pump cardiac surgery. Pulmonary function was assessed before surgery and on the third, fifth, and seventh post-operative days. Data including surgical details, information about risk factors, and assessment of pulmonary function were obtained. Results The FEV1 and forced vital capacity were significantly impaired on post-operative days 3, 5, and 7 compared to pre-operative values. The reduction in FEV1 was 41%, 29%, and 16% and in forced vital capacity was 42%, 29%, and 19% consecutively on post-operative days 3, 5, and 7. Multivariate analysis was done to detect the factors influencing post-operative FEV1 and forced vital capacity. Discussion This study observed a significant impairment in FEV1 and forced vital capacity, which did not completely recover by the seventh post-operative day. Different factors affecting post-operative FEV1 and forced vital capacity were pre-operative FEV1, age ≥60, less body surface area, lower pre-operative chest expansion at the axillary level, and having more duration of cardiopulmonary bypass during surgery. Presence of these factors enhances the chance of developing post-operative pulmonary complications.

scholarly journals Effect of respiratory muscle training on pulmonary function in preoperative preparation of tobacco smokers

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Chueiri Ramos Galvan ◽  
Antônio José Maria Cataneo
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Respiratory Exercises

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of utilization of a specific training program of respiratory muscles on pulmonary function in tobacco smokers. METHODS: Fifty asymptomatic tobacco smokers with age superior to 30 years were studied, at the moments: A0 - initial evaluation followed by protocol of respiratory exercises; A1 - reevaluation after 10 minutes of protocol application; and A2 - final reevaluation after 2 weeks of training utilizing the same protocol 3 times per week. The evaluation was realized through measures of maximum respiratory pressures (PImax and PEmax), respiratory peak flow (IPF and EPF), maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at the 1st second (FEV1). RESULTS: There was no improvement from initial to final evaluation in FVC and FEV1. But there were significant increases in the variables IPF, EPF, MVV and PImax at evaluations A1 and A2. The PEmax variable increased only at evaluation A2. CONCLUSION: The application of the protocol of respiratory exercises with and without additional load in tobacco smokers produced immediate improvement in the performance of respiratory muscles, but this gain was more accentuated after 2 weeks of exercise.

Pulmonary function in men after oxygen breathing at 3.0 ATA for 3.5 h

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 878-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Clark ◽  
R. M. Jackson ◽  
C. J. Lambertsen ◽  
R. Gelfand ◽  
W. D. Hiller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Large Change ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Mild Degree ◽  
Oxygen Breathing ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Expiratory Flow

As a pulmonary component of Predictive Studies V, designed to determine O2 tolerance of multiple organs and systems in humans at 3.0–1.5 ATA, pulmonary function was evaluated at 1.0 ATA in 13 healthy men before and after O2 exposure at 3.0 ATA for 3.5 h. Measurements included flow-volume loops, spirometry, and airway resistance (Raw) (n = 12); CO diffusing capacity (n = 11); closing volumes (n = 6); and air vs. HeO2 forced vital capacity maneuvers (n = 5). Chest discomfort, cough, and dyspnea were experienced during exposure in mild degree by most subjects. Mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of vital capacity (FEF25–75) were significantly reduced postexposure by 5.9 and 11.8%, respectively, whereas forced vital capacity was not significantly changed. The average difference in maximum midexpiratory flow rates at 50% vital capacity on air and HeO2 was significantly reduced postexposure by 18%. Raw and CO diffusing capacity were not changed postexposure. The relatively large change in FEF25–75 compared with FEV1, the reduction in density dependence of flow, and the normal Raw postexposure are all consistent with flow limitation in peripheral airways as a major cause of the observed reduction in expiratory flow. Postexposure pulmonary function changes in one subject who convulsed at 3.0 h of exposure are compared with corresponding average changes in 12 subjects who did not convulse.

scholarly journals Pattern of Pulmonary Function Test in Patients with Severe Mitral Stenosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-59
Author(s):  
Umme Salma Khan ◽  
Abdullah Al Shafi Majumder ◽  
AKM Monwarul Islam ◽  
Fazle Rabbi Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function Test ◽  
Mitral Stenosis ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Restricted Type ◽  
Impaired Pulmonary Function

Background: The deterioration in lung function in mitral stenosis correlates with the severity of stenotic valves. A correlation is noted between vital capacity and the severity of dyspnoea in patients with mitral stenosis. This study tried to evaluate the pattern of pulmonary function test in patient with severe mitral stenosis.Materials & Methods: This study involving 56 patients of severe mitral stenosis was performed in a referral cardiovascular center at Dhaka, Bangladesh from January to September, 2011. Colour doppler echocardiography and pulmonary function test were performed in each cases. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC and peak expiratory flow (PEF) rate was assessed from pulmonary function test. Finally, pattern of pulmonary function test in severe mitral stenosis was assessed.Results: Amomg 56 patients, 46 were female with a male female ratio 1: 0.22 and the mean age of patients was 28.76 ± 7.2. Among patients with severe mitral stenosis, mean FEV1 (%) was 60.18 ± 13.054. Minimum FVC (%) was 26, maximum was 90 with mean 53.80 ± 12.313. The PEF varied from 150 to 330 L/minute with mean 223.75 ± 62.3251. In current study, out of 56 patients, 2 cases had obstructive type and rest of the patients had restricted type of airway on pulmonary function.Conclusion: The brief results of this study reveal that severe mitral stenosis is associated with impaired pulmonary function, usually presenting restrictive airway pattern.Bangladesh Crit Care J September 2014; 2 (2): 57-59

A comparison of lung volumes between divers and submariners in the Royal Navy

1984 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
G. M. Clifford ◽  
D. J. Smith ◽  
Cardine S. M. Searing
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
Predictive Equations ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Job Classification ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
Expected Values

SummaryA comparison of spirometric values in divers and submariners of the Royal Navy and their physical characteristics was undertaken. Four hundred and twenty-two subjects were included in the study, of whom 192 were divers and 230 submariners. Measurements of forced vital capacity (FYC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEY1) and FEY1/FYC ratio were made using a single breath wedge spirometer (YitalographR). The data was analysed by multiple linear regression and analysis of variance. FYC and FEY1 increased with height and decreased with age though inclusion of a quadratic age term showed that the decline with age did not begin until the mid-thirties, casting doubt on the validity of predictive equations which assume a linear decrease from age 25. The divers had significantly larger lung volumes than the submariners though in the former this did not correlate with either experience or job classification. The FEY1/FYC ratio declined with age in both groups. It was also shown that those individuals with a large FYC tend to have a relatively lower FEY1/FYC ratio than those with small FYCs. Predictive equations for both divers and submariners were calculated which are more appropriate for determining expected values for the two groups than hose currently in use.

Pulmonary Function in Pubertal Synchronized Swimmers: 1-year Follow-up Results and Its Relation to Competitive Achievement

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Gabrilo ◽  
Mia Peric ◽  
Marija Stipic
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Synchronized Swimming ◽  
Before And After

Pulmonary function (PF) is particularly important in synchronized swimming, considering the characteristics of this sport. However, the sanitizing agents (chlorine) used in pools can have a possible negative influence on the PF parameters. In this study, we observed 24 swimmers (all women, 14 to 16 years of age) and measured their PF and competitive achievement. PF was measured before and after a 1-year period and included standard spirometric variables. Competitive achievement was evidenced during the National Championship. The t-test showed significant increases in body height and weight of the participants and a resulting increase in most of the absolute respiratory flows and pulmonary capacities. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume (both in proportion to norm for body height, gender, and age) increased significantly within the study period. FVC significantly predicted the competitive achievement of young swimmers, most probably because artists have to achieve exceptional breath control when upside down underwater. In conclusion, we found no evidence for the eventual negative influence of chlorine and its compounds on the PF of swimmers, and results showed that regular synchronized swim training could improve the PF of young artists.

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