scholarly journals Shrinkage Characteristics of Boulder Marl as Sustainable Mineral Liner Material for Landfill Capping Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Beck-Broichsitter ◽  
Horst Gerke ◽  
Rainer Horn
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Shrinkage Stress ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Liner Material ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Undisturbed Soil Cores ◽  
Shrinkage Behavior

The soil shrinkage behavior of mineral substrates needs to be considered for engineering long-term durable mineral liners of landfill capping systems. For this purpose, a novel three-dimensional laser scanning device was coupled with (a) a mathematical-empirical model and (b) in-situ tensiometer measurements as a combined approach to simultaneously determine the shrinkage behavior of a boulder marl, installed as top and bottom liner material at the Rastorf landfill (Northern Germany). The shrinkage behavior, intensity, and geometry were determined during a drying experiment with undisturbed soil cores (100 cm3) from two soil pits; the actual in-situ shrinkage was also determined in 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, and 1.0 m depth by pressure transducer tensiometer measurements during a four-year period. The volume shrinkage index was used to describe the pore size dependent shrinkage tendency and it was classified as low (4.9%) for the bottom liner. The in-situ matric potentials in the bottom liner ranged between −100 and −150 hPa, even during drier periods, thus, the previously highest observed drying range (pre-shrinkage stress) with values below −500 hPa and −1000 hPa was not exceeded. Therefore, the hydraulic stability of the bottom liner was given.

scholarly journals Suitability of Boulder Marl and Marsh Clay as Sealing Substrates for Landfill Capping Systems—A Practical Comparison

Geosciences ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Beck-Broichsitter ◽  
Horst Gerke ◽  
Rainer Horn
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Crack Formation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Proctor Test ◽  
Very High ◽  
Shrinkage Behavior

The effects of compaction on soil shrinkage behavior need to be considered for engineering long-term durable mineral liners of landfill capping systems. For this purpose, a new three-dimensional laser scanning device was coupled with a mathematical-empirical model to simultaneously determine the shrinkage behavior of a boulder marl (bm) and a marsh clay (mc). Therefore, both materials were precompacted in 200 soil cores (100 cm3) on the basis of the Proctor test results with five different degrees of compaction (bm1-bm5; mc1-mc5). Thus, the shrinkage behavior, intensity, and tendency were determined during a standardized drying experiment. The volume shrinkage index was used to describe the pore size dependent shrinkage tendency and was classified as high to very high (11.3–17.7%) for the marsh clay and medium (5.3–9.2%) for the boulder marl. Additionally, only the boulder marl (bm2), compacted up to 88% of Proctor density, could be installed as landfill bottom liner in drier locations if the local matric potentials did not exceed the previously highest observed drying range (i.e. values below −300 hPa), to avoid crack formation and generation.

scholarly journals A study of long-term changes in Black Sea ecosystems based on data assimilation of remote measurements in a numerical model

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
V. L. Dorofeev ◽  
L. I. Sukhikh
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Regular Grid ◽  
Remote Measurements ◽  
Biogeochemical Parameters ◽  
Color Scanner

Herein, we present a simulation of the dynamics of Black Sea ecosystems using a three-dimensional interdisciplinary model that assimilates satellite color scanner measurements. Calculations were performed for the fifteen years from 1998 and a set of 3-d biogeochemical fields of the Black Sea were generated on a regular grid with a discreteness time of 1 day. Analyses of core biogeochemical parameters of the marine ecosystem were then performed. The qualities of received fields were evaluated using comparisons with existing data from in situ measurements.

Three-Dimensional Laser-Scanning Confocal Microscopy of In Situ Hybridization in the Skin

1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen E. Mahoney ◽  
Stephen W. Paddock ◽  
Louis C. Smith ◽  
Dorothy E. Lewis ◽  
Madeleine Duvic
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Confocal Microscopy

Three-Dimensional Quantification of Macropore Networks in Undisturbed Soil Cores

1999 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1530-1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Perret ◽  
S. O. Prasher ◽  
A. Kantzas ◽  
C. Langford
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Undisturbed Soil Cores

scholarly journals High Rates of Conjugation in Bacterial Biofilms as Determined by Quantitative In Situ Analysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 3710-3713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Hausner ◽  
Stefan Wuertz
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Conjugative Gene Transfer ◽  
Biofilm Structure

ABSTRACT Quantitative in situ determination of conjugative gene transfer in defined bacterial biofilms using automated confocal laser scanning microscopy followed by three-dimensional analysis of cellular biovolumes revealed conjugation rates 1,000-fold higher than those determined by classical plating techniques. Conjugation events were not affected by nutrient concentration alone but were influenced by time and biofilm structure.

scholarly journals Sustained Local Delivery of Diclofenac from Three-Dimensional Ultrafine Fibrous Protein Scaffolds with Ultrahigh Drug Loading Capacity

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 918
Author(s):  
S. M. Kamrul Hasan ◽  
Ran Li ◽  
Yichao Wang ◽  
Narendra Reddy ◽  
Wanshuang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Loading ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Fibrous Scaffolds ◽  
Fibrous Protein ◽  
Loading Methods ◽  
Functional Components

The three-dimensional (3D) ultrafine fibrous scaffolds loaded with functional components can not only provide support to 3D tissue repair, but also deliver the components in-situ with small dosage and low fusion frequency. However, the conventional loading methods possess drawbacks such as low loading capacity or high burst release. In this research, an ultralow concentration phase separation (ULCPS) technique was developed to form 3D ultrafine gelatin fibers and, meanwhile, load an anti-inflammatory drug, diclofenac, with high capacities for the long-term delivery. The developed scaffolds could achieve a maximum drug loading capacity of 12 wt.% and a highest drug loading efficiency of 84% while maintaining their 3D ultrafine fibrous structure with high specific pore volumes from 227.9 to 237.19 cm3/mg. The initial release at the first hour could be reduced from 34.7% to 42.2%, and a sustained linear release profile was observed with a rate of about 1% per day in the following 30 days. The diclofenac loaded in and released from the ULCPS scaffolds could keep its therapeutic molecular structure. The cell viability has not been affected by the release of drug when the loading was less than 12 wt.%. The results proved the possibility to develop various 3D ultrafine fibrous scaffolds, which can supply functional components in-situ with a long-term.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Nuclear Telomere Profiling as a Biomarker for Recurrence in Oligodendrogliomas: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8539
Author(s):  
Macoura Gadji ◽  
Shubha Mathur ◽  
Brigitte Bélanger ◽  
Jaganmohan Reddy Jangamreddy ◽  
Josée Lamoureux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Telomere Dysfunction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time To Recurrence ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Touch Preparation

Mechanisms of recurrence in oligodendrogliomas are poorly understood. Recurrence might be driven by telomere dysfunction-mediated genomic instability. In a pilot study, we investigated ten patients with oligodendrogliomas at the time of diagnosis (first surgery) and after recurrence (second surgery) using three-dimensional nuclear telomere analysis performed with quantitative software TeloView® (Telo Genomics Corp, Toronto, Ontario, Canada). 1p/19q deletion status of each patient was determined by fluorescent in situ hybridization on touch preparation slides. We found that a very specific 3D telomeric profile was associated with two pathways of recurrence in oligodendrogliomas independent of their 1p/19q status: a first group of 8 patients displayed significantly different 3D telomere profiles between both surgeries (p < 0.0001). Their recurrence happened at a mean of 231.375 ± 117.42 days and a median time to progression (TTP) of 239 days, a period defined as short-term recurrence; and a second group of three patients displayed identical 3D telomere profiles between both surgery samples (p > 0.05). Their recurrence happened at a mean of 960.666 ± 86.19 days and a median TTP of 930 days, a period defined as long-term recurrence. Our results suggest a potential link between nuclear telomere architecture and telomere dysfunction with time to recurrence in oligodendrogliomas, independently of the 1p/19q status.

scholarly journals Assessment of load bearing clay brick masonry for analyzing long-term durability through field measurement and visual review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blair E. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Brick Masonry ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Saturation Point ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Uniform Manner ◽  
Mosaic Images

This thesis examines a load bearing clay brick century home research house in Toronto (Canada) which has recently undergone the addition of polyurethane foam insulation on all interior sides of the exterior clay brick load bearing walls, increasing the insulating value in areas to RSI 7.9 W/m2K, on average. This study introduces and advances techniques to create high-resolution stitched mosaic images of the elevations to visually document the current physical condition of the brick. The critical saturation point was used to determine the capabilities of the clay brick masonry to resist freeze-thaw damage by way of frost dilatometry testing and compared to measurements taken by in-situ moisture content sensors in the brick masonry. This project also reveals how bricks expand and deteriorate in non-uniform manner during saturated three-dimensional dilatometry testing.

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