scholarly journals Landscape Patterns Affect Precipitation Differing across Sub-climatic Regions

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4859
Author(s):  
Qinghui Wang ◽  
Yu Peng ◽  
Min Fan ◽  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Qingtong Cui
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Management ◽  
Landscape Metrics ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Daily Precipitation Data ◽  
Total Core Area ◽  
Semi Arid

Assessment of the impacts of landscape patterns on regional precipitation will help improve ecosystem management and strategies for adaption to global changes. This study aimed to identify the key landscape metrics that affect precipitation across three sub-climatic regions in Inner Mongolia, China, using 266 landscape metrics and daily precipitation data from 38 weather stations for 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2015. Pearson correlation, stepwise linear regression, and Redundancy analysis were used to identify the contributions of landscape patterns to local precipitation in each sub-climatic region. Three-year datasets were used for model development and a one-year data set was used for validation. It was found that the contribution of landscape patterns is higher than that of climatic variations in semi-arid or humid regions. The Core Area Coefficient of Variance (CACoV) of grasslands and Landscape Area (TLA) in non-irrigated croplands have a negative relationship with precipitation in arid regions. Further, the Total Core Area Index (TCAI) of grasslands has a negative correlation with precipitation, while the area proportion (C%LAND) in waters has a significant positive relationship with precipitation in semi-arid regions. Additionally, the Mean Core Area (MCA), Core Area (CA), and Core Area Standard Deviation (CASD) of grasslands and Total Core Area Index (TCAI) of waters are negatively related to precipitation in humid regions. Suitable land use configuration and composition, especially the proportion of grasslands and waters, should be considered in ecosystem management for alleviating the possible harmful effects due to climate change.

scholarly journals SPATIO-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF LANDSCAPE PATTERNS IN THE CATOLÉ WATERSHED, NORTHERN MINAS GERAIS1

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Nogueira Martins ◽  
Selma Alves Abrahão ◽  
Danilo Pereira Ribeiro ◽  
Ana Paula Ferreira Colares ◽  
Marco Antonio Zanella
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Metrics ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Sparse Vegetation ◽  
Dense Vegetation ◽  
Processing Level ◽  
Spatio Temporal

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to quantify the spatio-temporal changes in land use/ cover (LULC), as well as analyze landscape patterns over a 20-year period (1995 - 2015) in the Catolé watershed, northern Minas Gerais State, using landscape metrics. The LULC maps were obtained using Landsat 5 and 8 data (Processing level 1) through supervised classification using the maximum likelihood classifier. Seven thematic classes were identified: dense vegetation, sparse vegetation, riparian vegetation, cropland, planted forest, bare soil, and water. From the LULC maps, classes related to the natural landscape (dense, sparse, and riparian vegetation) were grouped into forest patches, which was then ordered by size: very small (< 5 ha); small (5 - 10 ha); medium (10 - 100 ha); large (100 ha); and a general class (no distinction of patch size). Then, metrics of area, size and density, edge, shape, proximity and core area were calculated. The dense vegetation portion of the study area decreased considerably within a given time, while the portion of cropland and bare soil increased. Overall, in the Catolé river basin, the total area of natural vegetation decreased by 3,273 hectares (4.62%). Landscape metrics analysis exhibited a reduction in the number of very small patches, although the study area was still considered as fragmented. Moreover, a maximum edge distance of 50 m is suggested for conducting studies involving core area metrics in the Catolé watershed, as values above this distance would eliminate the very small patches.

scholarly journals Yield of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear cultivated under biofertilizer doses and application intervals

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 633-640
Author(s):  
Varley A. Fonseca ◽  
Carlindo S. Rodrigues ◽  
Rodrigo R. Alvarenga ◽  
Delfran B. dos Santos ◽  
Felizarda V. Bebé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Semi Arid

ABSTRACT Due to the water restriction, associated with the high cost of fertilizers, and the need to produce forage in the semi-arid regions, studies using biofertilizers in cactus pear production tend to become impactful. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphometric characteristics and yield of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear cultivated under doses and application intervals of bovine manure biofertilizer. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme, with two biofertilizer application intervals (14 and 21 days) and five biofertilizer doses (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 m3 ha-1). Three replicates were used, totaling 30 experimental units. The following variables were evaluated: plant height, number of cladodes, cladode length, cladode width and cladode area index, dry biomass percentage, and green and dry biomass yields. The use of 60 m3 ha-1 of liquid cattle manure biofertilizer increased the yield of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear. The application of 60 m3 ha-1 of biofertilizer at the interval of 14 days increased the yield of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear.

scholarly journals Geographic context affects the landscape change and fragmentation caused by wind energy facilities

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay E. Diffendorfer ◽  
Monica A. Dorning ◽  
Jolene R. Keen ◽  
Louisa A. Kramer ◽  
Robert V. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Landscape Pattern ◽  
Landscape Change ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Landscape Fragmentation ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Geographic Context ◽  
The Impact

Wind energy generation affects landscapes as new roads, pads, and transmission lines are constructed. Limiting the landscape change from these facilities likely minimizes impacts to biodiversity and sensitive wildlife species. We examined the effects of wind energy facilities’ geographic context on changes in landscape patterns using three metrics: portion of undeveloped land, core area index, and connectance index. We digitized 39 wind facilities and the surrounding land cover and measured landscape pattern before and after facility construction using the amount, core area, and connectivity of undeveloped land within one km around newly constructed turbines and roads. New facilities decreased the amount of undeveloped land by 1.8% while changes in metrics of landscape pattern ranged from 50 to 140%. Statistical models indicated pre-construction development was a key factor explaining the impact of new wind facilities on landscape metrics, with pre-construction road networks, turbine spacing, and topography having smaller influences. As the proportion of developed land around facilities increased, a higher proportion of the facility utilized pre-construction developed land and a lower density of new roads were built, resulting in smaller impacts to undeveloped landscapes. Building of new road networks was also a predictor of landscape fragmentation. Utilizing existing development and carefully placing turbines may provide opportunities to minimize the impacts of new wind energy facilities.

scholarly journals Fragmentação florestal na Área de Proteção Ambiental de Tambaba, Paraíba, Brasil

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Saara Souza Rodrigues ◽  
Cleber Salimon ◽  
Saulo Roberto De Oliveira Vital
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Landscape Metrics ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Atlantic Rain Forest ◽  
Border Effect ◽  
Environmental Protection Area ◽  
Protection Area ◽  
Total Core Area ◽  
Patterns And Processes

<p>Um dos ecossistemas brasileiros mais fragmentados, devido ao desmatamento histórico, é a Mata Atlântica, que abriga uma das maiores diversidades biológicas do planeta. A área e a forma destes fragmentos podem influenciar o efeito de borda sobre padrões e processos em um ecossistema florestal. O presente estudo mapeou e caracterizou a fragmentação florestal da Área de Proteção Ambiental de Tambaba (APA), no litoral sul da Paraíba, utilizando métricas da paisagem com o objetivo de verificar a efetividade da proteção ambiental na unidade de conservação. Para isto, foi feita uma classificação supervisionada por máxima verossimilhança, da cobertura do solo, a partir de imagens RapidEye em duas classes: (1) floresta (vegetação nativa); (2) não-floresta (todos outros tipos de cobertura). A análise métrica da paisagem (total de fragmentos, área núcleo, proporção de área núcleo por fragmento, entre outros) foi realizada com a extensão Patch Analyst em ambiente ArcGis. Da área total da APA (11.550 ha), 2.200 ha (19%) foram classificados como floresta, distribuídos em 1.364 fragmentos. A área núcleo total variou de 1.470 (efeito de borda de 10 m) a 370 ha (efeito de borda de 50 m), proporcionando uma conservação real entre 13 e 3% da área total. Estes resultados apontam para a necessidade de uma fiscalização intensa e rigorosa do cumprimento das leis, bem como um gerenciamento racional e participativo por meio dos órgãos públicos e do conselho consultivo da APA, para que se protejam os fragmentos remanescentes.</p><p><strong>Palavras chave</strong>: Efeito de borda, conservação, métricas da paisagem, desmatamento.</p><p><strong>Forest fragmentation in the Environmental Protection Area of Tambaba, Paraíba, Brazil</strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong>: One of the most fragmented ecosystems in Brazil is the Atlantic Rain Forest, due to centuries of deforestation along the coast which holds one of the world’s greatest biodiversity. Landscape metrics and shape can impact on border effect on patterns and processes of a forested ecosystem. In this paper, we map and characterize the forest fragmentation of the Tambaba Environmental Protection Area (APA), on the coast of Paraíba State, Brazil, using landscape metrics to verify the effectiveness of this protected area. We conducted a land cover classification (supervised classification by maximum likelyhood, RapidEye imagery) into two categories (1) forest and (2) non forest. Landscape metrics (number of fragments, total core area, proportion of core area, among others) were calculated using ArcGis extension Patch Analyst. From the APA’s total 11.550 ha, 2.200 ha were classified as forest (19%), distributed in 1.364 fragments of different sizes. Total core area varied from 1.470 (10 m border effect) to 370 ha (50 m border effect), dependending on edge effect distance, which provides a true conservation of only 13 to 3% of the total APA. These results point to the necessity of an intense and rigorous surveillance of the compliance with laws, as well as a rational and participatory management, through the APA’s management council and public agencies, in order to protect the remnant fragments.</p><p><strong>Key words</strong>: Border effect, conservation, landscape metrics, deforestation.</p>

BIODIVERSITY OF HALOPHYTES IN SEMI-ARID REGIONS CASE OF ZAHREZ GHARBI AND ZAHREZ CHERGUI (ZAAFRANE-DJELFA) IN ALGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Senni Rachida ◽  
De Belair Gerard ◽  
Abdelkrim Hacene
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Semi Arid
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