scholarly journals Geographic context affects the landscape change and fragmentation caused by wind energy facilities

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay E. Diffendorfer ◽  
Monica A. Dorning ◽  
Jolene R. Keen ◽  
Louisa A. Kramer ◽  
Robert V. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Landscape Pattern ◽  
Landscape Change ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Landscape Fragmentation ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Geographic Context ◽  
The Impact

Wind energy generation affects landscapes as new roads, pads, and transmission lines are constructed. Limiting the landscape change from these facilities likely minimizes impacts to biodiversity and sensitive wildlife species. We examined the effects of wind energy facilities’ geographic context on changes in landscape patterns using three metrics: portion of undeveloped land, core area index, and connectance index. We digitized 39 wind facilities and the surrounding land cover and measured landscape pattern before and after facility construction using the amount, core area, and connectivity of undeveloped land within one km around newly constructed turbines and roads. New facilities decreased the amount of undeveloped land by 1.8% while changes in metrics of landscape pattern ranged from 50 to 140%. Statistical models indicated pre-construction development was a key factor explaining the impact of new wind facilities on landscape metrics, with pre-construction road networks, turbine spacing, and topography having smaller influences. As the proportion of developed land around facilities increased, a higher proportion of the facility utilized pre-construction developed land and a lower density of new roads were built, resulting in smaller impacts to undeveloped landscapes. Building of new road networks was also a predictor of landscape fragmentation. Utilizing existing development and carefully placing turbines may provide opportunities to minimize the impacts of new wind energy facilities.

scholarly journals Perceptions of landscape patterns: Do the numbers count?

2000 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. D'Eon ◽  
Susan M. Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Landscape Metrics ◽  
Landscape Pattern ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Landscape Fragmentation ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Relative Efficacy ◽  
Patch Shape ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Patch Density

Human perception and intuition can powerfully influence how we measure and interpret landscape pattern. We compared human perception with more quantitative measures to determine their relative efficacy in arriving at conclusions about landscape pattern. We surveyed 30 professional workshop participants and 38 undergraduate students for their perception of landscape fragmentation before and after calculating a suite of landscape metrics. Participants' perception of fragmentation was most correlated with number of patches, patch density, and patch shape. Most participants retained their original intuitive response after calculating indices. We suggest that a lack of meaningful quantitative expressions for absolute landscape structure will continue to result in a dependence on intuitive human perception for management of landscape pattern. Key words: landscape pattern, forest fragmentation, perception, landscape metrics, forest management

scholarly journals A Preliminary Study on the Impact of Landscape Pattern Changes Due to Urbanization: Case Study of Jakarta, Indonesia

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Dikman Maheng ◽  
Assela Pathirana ◽  
Chris Zevenbergen
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Landscape Pattern ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Lulc Change ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Impact

Urbanization is changing land use–land cover (LULC) transforming green spaces (GS) and bodies of water into built-up areas. LULC change is affecting ecosystem services (ES) in urban areas, such as by decreasing of the water retention capacity, the urban temperature regulation capacity and the carbon sequestration. The relation between LULC change and ES is still poorly examined and quantified using actual field data. In most ES studies, GS is perceived as lumped areas instead of distributed areas, implicitly ignoring landscape patterns (LP), such as connectivity and aggregation. This preliminary study is one of the first to provide quantitative evidence of the influence of landscape pattern changes on a selection of urban ecosystem services in a megacity as Jakarta, Indonesia. The impact of urbanization on the spatiotemporal changes of ES has been identified by considering connectivity and aggregation of GS. It reveals that LP changes have significantly decreased carbon sequestration, temperature regulation, and runoff regulation by 10.4, 12.4, and 11.5%, respectively. This indicates that the impact of GS on ES is not only determined by its area, but also by its LP. Further detailed studies will be needed to validate these results.

scholarly journals A study on the evolution mechanism of agricultural landscape pattern of Dadu River Valley in Danba Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 300 ◽  
pp. 02015
Author(s):  
Linlu Tian ◽  
Jiajin Wu ◽  
Minqing Li ◽  
Chunwei Xia ◽  
Jianpeng Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Landscape Pattern ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Landscape Fragmentation ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Dry Valley ◽  
Moderate Drought ◽  
Dadu River

Taking the Dadu River Basin in the Danba area of Ganzi Prefecture, Sichuan Province as the research area, based on the 2013 and 2016 Landsat8 remote sensing images, the temperature vegetation drought index (TVDI) method is used to divide the Dadu River dry valley into 6 arid gradient regions. Using ArcGIS10.5 software and Fragstats4.2 software to calculate the landscape pattern index of different arid gradient areas in different years, combined with the survey results of agricultural policies, development models, and agricultural landscape patterns in key regions, analyze the evolution of agricultural landscape patterns under different drought gradients. The results show that, except for other forestlands, the degree of landscape fragmentation is decreasing year by year on the gradient of light and moderate drought, and the degree of spatial heterogeneity is higher. On the gradient of extreme drought, the degree of landscape fragmentation is higher, and the degree of spatial heterogeneity is lower.

scholarly journals Landscape Patterns Affect Precipitation Differing across Sub-climatic Regions

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4859
Author(s):  
Qinghui Wang ◽  
Yu Peng ◽  
Min Fan ◽  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Qingtong Cui
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Management ◽  
Landscape Metrics ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Daily Precipitation Data ◽  
Total Core Area ◽  
Semi Arid

Assessment of the impacts of landscape patterns on regional precipitation will help improve ecosystem management and strategies for adaption to global changes. This study aimed to identify the key landscape metrics that affect precipitation across three sub-climatic regions in Inner Mongolia, China, using 266 landscape metrics and daily precipitation data from 38 weather stations for 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2015. Pearson correlation, stepwise linear regression, and Redundancy analysis were used to identify the contributions of landscape patterns to local precipitation in each sub-climatic region. Three-year datasets were used for model development and a one-year data set was used for validation. It was found that the contribution of landscape patterns is higher than that of climatic variations in semi-arid or humid regions. The Core Area Coefficient of Variance (CACoV) of grasslands and Landscape Area (TLA) in non-irrigated croplands have a negative relationship with precipitation in arid regions. Further, the Total Core Area Index (TCAI) of grasslands has a negative correlation with precipitation, while the area proportion (C%LAND) in waters has a significant positive relationship with precipitation in semi-arid regions. Additionally, the Mean Core Area (MCA), Core Area (CA), and Core Area Standard Deviation (CASD) of grasslands and Total Core Area Index (TCAI) of waters are negatively related to precipitation in humid regions. Suitable land use configuration and composition, especially the proportion of grasslands and waters, should be considered in ecosystem management for alleviating the possible harmful effects due to climate change.

scholarly journals Landscape Pattern Changes in the Xingkai Lake Area, Northeast China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Liu ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Guihua Dong ◽  
Guanglei Hou ◽  
Ming Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Pattern ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Landscape Fragmentation ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Landscape Types ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relative Change

Understanding landscape change is important for ecologically sustainable development. In this paper, we assessed the spatiotemporal variations of landscape pattern in the Xingkai Lake area using remote sensing data from 1982, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. Landscape patterns of marshlands, paddy fields, dry farmlands, and their combinations were analyzed at class and landscape levels. We examined the stability of landscape types through principal component analysis based on class level indices for landscape types. The results indicated that marshland areas decreased significantly by 33.87% but paddy fields increased by 1.84 times from 1982 to 2015. The largest conversion of dry farmlands to paddy fields was 90.88 km2 during the period 2010–2015. In contrast, the largest conversion of paddy fields to dry farmlands was 86.03 km2 during the period 2000–2005. The difference in relative change revealed that dry farmlands had experienced a greater relative change than paddy fields since 2000. The interspersion and juxtaposition index decreased, while the number of patches grew. This showed that landscape fragmentation was increasing and the landscape pattern was becoming dispersed. Marshlands were more stable than paddy fields and dry farmlands across all time periods, except for the year 2005.

scholarly journals Assessment and Estimation of the Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Landscape Patterns and Their Impact on Habitat Quality in Nanchang, China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1073
Author(s):  
Yanan Li ◽  
Linghua Duo ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Zhenhua Wu ◽  
Yanjun Guan
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Landscape Pattern ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Ecological Planning ◽  
The Impact

Assessing and predicting the evolution of habitat quality based on land use change under the process of urbanization is important for establishing a comprehensive ecological planning system and addressing the major challenges of global sustainable development. Here, two different prediction models were used to simulate the land use changes in 2025 based on the land use distribution data of Nanchang city in three periods and integrated into the habitat quality assessment model to specifically evaluate the trends and characteristics of future habitat quality changes, explore the impact of landscape pattern evolution on habitat, and analyze the differences and advantages of the two prediction models. The results show that the overall habitat quality in Nanchang declined significantly during the period 1995–2015. Habitat degradation near cities and in various watersheds is relatively significant. During the period 2015–2025, the landscape pattern and habitat quality of Nanchang will continue to maintain the trend of changes observed between 1995 and 2015, i.e., increasing construction land and decreasing habitat quality, with high pressure on ecological restoration. This study also identified that CA-Markov simulates the quantity of land use better, while FLUS simulates the spatial pattern of land use better. Overall, this study provides a reference for exploring the complex dynamic evolution mechanism of habitats.

scholarly journals Spatially Variable Relationships between Karst Landscape Pattern and Vegetation Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjuan Hou ◽  
Jiangbo Gao
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Landscape Pattern ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Landscape Fragmentation ◽  
Vegetation Activity ◽  
Function Correlation ◽  
The Impact

Based on the theories of structure–function correlation in Geography, and landscape pattern-ecological function correlation in Landscape Ecology, the correlation between land use fragmentation and vegetation activity was quantified. Effective mesh size (meff) was calculated to represent landscape fragmentation for land use, and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used to reflect vegetation activity. The geographically weighted regression (GWR) model was applied to explore the spatial non-stationary relationship between meff and NDVI in a karst basin of the southwestern China, where environmental factors (i.e., climate, topography, and vegetation) are spatially heterogeneous. The spatial variation and scale dependence of landscape fragmentation and its relationship with vegetation activity, as well as the influence of lithology types and landforms relief, were considered. Firstly, the optimal ‘slide window’ size for landscape fragmentation was determined to be 500 m, and spatial pattern of meff displayed clear heterogeneity with a serious degree of fragmentation. Landscape fragmentation was more severe in carbonate areas than non-carbonate areas, reflecting the influence of landforms relief. More serious fragmentation in dolomite areas meant that the impact of human activities on the landscape morphological characteristics was much more significant than that in the limestone areas with steeper slope. Multi-scale analysis was used to verify a neighborhood size of 7 km for GWR in the study area. Negative effects on vegetation activity from landscape structural changes were more significant in limestone areas, which may be due to the more vulnerable ecosystems there. This research can provide scientific guidance for landscape management in karst regions as it considers the multi-scaled and spatially heterogeneous effects of lithology, geomorphology, and human factors on landscape structure and its correlation with vegetation activity.

Human Personality Based Investigation on Distance Threshold for Freeway Landscape Pattern

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (39) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Zhonghua Wei ◽  
Sheng Liu ◽  
Shi Qiu ◽  
Tongyang Zhang ◽  
Shaofan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Landscape Pattern ◽  
Behavior Pattern ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Distance Threshold ◽  
The Impact

Freeway landscape design is closely related to driver performance. How to stimulate drivers’ positive physiological condition and improve overall driving performance by adopting ideal landscape design has become a research interest in recent years. This study explores the impact of changing the landscape pattern at appropriate intervals on driver fatigue and negative mental workload. Drivers’ mental performance was evaluated under three types of spatial patterns: open, semi-open, and vertical. Thirty drivers, 15 Type A Behavior Pattern (TABP) and 15 Type B Behavior Pattern (TBBP) drivers, respectively, were recruited to conduct the driving simulator experiment. Data on drivers’ physiological variation trends show that the mental workload of TABP and TBBP drivers varied under different spatial patterns. The principal factor high frequency (HF) was used to investigate the distance threshold for different freeway landscape patterns based on the analysis of physiological data collected by electrocardiogram (ECG). This study reveals that changing landscape pattern at a certain interval can benefit drivers’ physical and mental status. It is suggested that, when the design speed is 100 km/h, changing landscape pattern every 11 km can reduce fatigue and improve driving performance in both TABP and TBBP drivers. The conclusions of this study provide a rationale and guidance for agencies to adopt different spatial patterns in future freeway landscape design.

scholarly journals Identifying the Impact of Landscape Pattern on Ecosystem Services in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Urban Agglomerations, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5063
Author(s):  
Luwen Liu ◽  
Xingrong Chen ◽  
Wanxu Chen ◽  
Xinyue Ye
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Landscape Pattern ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Landscape Pattern Metrics ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Pattern Metrics ◽  
The Impact

Clarifying the impact mechanisms of landscape patterns on ecosystem services is highly important for effective ecosystem protection, policymaking, and landscape planning. However, previous literature lacks knowledge about the impact mechanisms of landscape patterns on ecosystem services from a spatial perspective. Thus, this study measured landscape patterns and the ecosystem services value (ESV) using a series of landscape pattern metrics and an improved benefit transfer method based on land-use data from 2015. It explores the impact mechanisms of the landscape pattern metrics on the ESV using the ordinary least-squares method and spatial regression models in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River Urban Agglomerations (MRYRUA), China. We found that forestland was the main landscape type in the MRYRUA, followed by cultivated land, and the fragmentation degree of cultivated land was significantly higher than that of forestland. The findings demonstrate that landscape pattern metrics had a significant impact on ecosystem services, but could vary greatly. Moreover, ecosystem services in the MRYRUA exhibited significant spatial spillover effects and cross-regional collaborative governance was an effective means of landscape planning. This paper acts as a scientific reference and effective guidance for landscape planning and regional ecosystem conservation in MRYRUA and other similarly fast-growing urban agglomerations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document