scholarly journals Sustainability Governance in China: An Analysis of Regional Ecological Efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangxiang Sun ◽  
Lawrence Loh
Keyword(s):  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Ecological Efficiency ◽  
Eastern Area ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Sustainability Governance ◽  
Ecological Governance

The Chinese government is committed to sustainability governance to alleviate the shortage of energy and the imbalance between ecological environment and economic development. This paper evaluates and analyzes the sustainability governance performance of China. A bootstrap data envelopment analysis (DEA) is proposed to evaluate sustainability governance performance of 30 provinces based on ecological efficiency in China from 1998 to 2015. The results indicate that the ecological efficiency of China significantly improved as a whole, which is related to the decline in sulfur dioxide emissions. Among these provinces, Jiangsu, Liaoning, and Inner Mongolia exhibited the highest values, while Gansu, Chongqing, and Sichuan had the lowest values. The 30 provinces were divided into four sub-areas. The average ecological efficiency of the eastern area was the highest, followed by the northeast area. Compared to the east area, northeast area, and central area, we find that west area obviously falls behind. As such, the results provide helpful guidance to improve ecological governance performance.

scholarly journals Wavelet transform analysis of reference crop evapotranspiration during the growing season in three typical regions of Inner Mongolia, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-483
Author(s):  
Ruiping Li ◽  
Haibin Shi ◽  
Chunxia Zou ◽  
Shouzhong Hu
Keyword(s):  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Wave Period ◽  
Eastern Area ◽  
Western Area ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Management and scheduling of irrigation water requires consideration of evapotranspiration, one of the most important hydrological variables. This study investigates the variations in the daily potential evapotranspiration (ET0), and its aerodynamic (ETa) and radiometric (ETr) components in three areas (western, central and eastern) of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR) during the growing season (April–September, 2007). In this study, a data-driven approach was followed, and the wavelet transformation analysis method was used to investigate the evapotranspiration characteristics of a relatively large geographic region. The results show that there are close correlations in the variations of ET0 with those of ETa and ETr. For the western area of the IMAR, the timing of the largest ETa is 1 month earlier and its wave period is 10 days shorter than those of ET0 and ETr. For the central area, the wave period of ETa is 20 days shorter, and the timing of the largest ETa is approximately 1 month earlier than those of ET0 and ETr. For the eastern area, there are two large fluctuations in ETa, and they occur 1 month earlier than those of ET0.

scholarly journals Regional Differences in the Spatial Characteristics and Dynamic Convergence of Environmental Efficiency in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shichun Xu ◽  
Yiwen Li ◽  
Yuan Tao ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Yunfan Li
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Central Area ◽  
State Level ◽  
Environmental Efficiency ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Eastern Area ◽  
Western Area ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Surrounding Areas

This study uses the undesirable output and super-efficiency slacks-based measure combined with window (WIN-US-SBM) data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the environmental efficiency (EE) in 30 Chinese provinces, from 2005 to 2016, explores regional differences in the EE, and uses the dynamic spatial Durbin model (DSDM) to analyze regional differences in effects of important factors on the convergence of EE. It reveals that EE in the eastern area is higher than EE in the central and western areas, and a positive spatial autocorrelation exists in the interregional EE. The difference in provincial EE gradually narrows over time and tends to converge to its own steady-state level. Economic growth reduces EE for the central and western areas and improves efficiency for the eastern area; economic growth from surrounding areas indirectly promotes local EE for the eastern area. Foreign direct investment (FDI) promotes EE in the eastern and central areas, and FDI in the adjacent areas has a positive effect on local EE for the eastern area. Export reduces EE for all areas, and export in surrounding areas indirectly promotes local EE for the central area. Industrialization reduces EE in the western area, and industrialization in the surrounding areas increases local EE for the eastern area. Energy efficiency promotes EE for the central area, urbanization increases EE for the central area, and urbanization of the surrounding areas reduces local EE for the eastern area.

Energy–economy–environmental (3E) performance of Chinese regions based on the data envelopment analysis model with mixed assumptions on disposability

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 664-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingyou Yan ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Tomas Baležentis ◽  
Dalia Streimikiene
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Malmquist Productivity Index ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis Model ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Eastern Area ◽  
Dea Models ◽  
Energy Economy

This paper presents a modified environmental production technology which imposes the proper disposability on the undesirable outputs depending on the underlying technical properties. Then, aggregate and disaggregate (Russell-type) data envelopment analysis (DEA) models are proposed to evaluate the energy–economy–environment (3E) efficiency based on the modified technology (hereafter referred to as the 3E-DEA models). The non-radial Malmquist productivity index is adapted to model the changes in the 3E productivity over time. A case study of 3E efficiency analysis for the 30 Chinese administrative regions during 2011–2013 is presented. In general, Chinese regions did not perform well in terms of 3E goals as only three of them exhibited full efficiency. It was also found out that the eastern area showed the best 3E performance, whereas the central area followed suit, thus putting the western area at end of ranking. Still, some regions in the eastern area showed 3E efficiencies lower than those of some cities in the central and eastern areas. Anyway, most of the regions showed improving 3E productivity during 2011–2013.

Evaluation of Farmers satisfaction with Ecological Governance and its improvement path

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 4080-4091
Author(s):  
Weili Zhang ◽  
Songjiang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Institutional Culture ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Ecological Civilization ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
Pesticide Pollution ◽  
Pollution Treatment ◽  
Ecological Governance

As the participants and stakeholders of rural ecological governance, the evaluation of farmers’ satisfaction plays an important role in improving the performance of government ecological governance. Based on the criteria of ecological civilization construction and customer satisfaction, this paper constructs an evaluation system of farmers’ ecological governance satisfaction, which includes 34 indicators. Factor analysis is used to classify indicators, and IPA model is used to analyze the ecological governance plates that affect satisfaction. The research shows that the comprehensive satisfaction of rural ecological governance farmers in four towns of Changde City, Hunan Province is 3.6, which is basically recognized by farmers. The factors that farmers’ demand is strong but does not meet the expectations are sewage treatment, chemical fertilizer and pesticide pollution treatment, ecological legal system implementation, government investment and other indicators. The evaluation section of restriction satisfaction mainly focuses on ecological environment, institutional culture and infrastructure, and finally puts forward suggestions from three aspects: ecological environment, infrastructure and farmers’ sense of participation.

scholarly journals Improvement in the Poverty Status of Ecological Migrants under the Urban Resettlement Model: An Empirical Study in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijie Guo ◽  
Guichang Liu ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Fang Zhao ◽  
Guomin Ding
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Exact Matching ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
Promotion Effect ◽  
Basic Infrastructure ◽  
The Impact

As a major measure of ecological environment protection, ecological migration addresses the conflict between humans and the ecological environment. The Urban Resettlement Model is a prevalent resettlement model used by the Chinese government to try to alleviate poverty brought about by the ecological environment by promoting migration. This study initially explored the mechanism of influencing the livelihoods of relocated households in the Urban Resettlement Model by analyzing questionnaire data obtained from farmers in the resettlement area of Nangqian County. The coarsened exact matching (CEM) model was used to control the influence of confounding factors in the observation data. Next, a disordered multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the impact and effect of the Urban Resettlement Model on the livelihoods of the relocated non-agricultural farmers and poor relocated households. The results show that the Urban Resettlement Model has a significant promotion effect on the non-agricultural livelihoods of the relocated farmers. For all relocated households, the presence of medical facilities exhibited a significant promotion effect on the non-agricultural livelihoods of the relocated farmers. For poor relocated households, convenient transportation facilities facilitated the pursuit of non-agricultural livelihoods such as migrant work. However, industrial support, employment support, or training had no statistically significant effects on all relocated households or poor relocated households. The number of family laborers and communication costs were significant promoting influences for all relocated households and poor relocated households to engage in part-time and non-agricultural livelihoods. There was a certain impact of relocation time on livelihood choice for the relocated farmers, but there was no significant impact for poor relocated households. Based on these findings, the following suggestions are proposed. Supporting industries should be provided and industrial transformation and upgrading efforts should be strengthened during the application of the Urban Resettlement Model to create job opportunities for relocated people. Additionally, enhanced construction of basic infrastructure, including transportation, medical care, and communication systems is required. The results of this work should facilitate the effective improvement of administration of the ecological resettlement environmental protection policy system.

Between Communist Doctrines and Nationalist Agendas: Writing Reforms in Inner Mongolia, 1954–1980

Modern China ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 009770042094879
Author(s):  
Anran Wang
Keyword(s):  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Language Planning ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Writing System ◽  
Writing Systems

The writing reforms of the Mongolian language in Inner Mongolia from 1954 to 1980 are a notable case of Maoist China’s language planning projects. In those years, the Chinese government attempted to implement two consecutive reforms featuring Cyrillization and Latinization of the Mongolian writing system, but neither reform yielded any substantial result and the traditional Mongolian script remains in use today. This article explores the domestic and international dynamics behind these two closely related reform attempts and examines their origins, rationales, processes of implementation, and reasons for failure. Although the rationales of both reforms lay in the communist doctrine favoring easier, more regular, and more universal writing systems that could improve literacy and facilitate communication, hidden behind both reforms were nationalist agendas. The Cyrillization reform sought linguistic unity with the Mongolian People’s Republic, while the Latinization reform sought unity of writing systems among languages in China. In both cases, the hidden nationalist agendas undermined the original goals of the reforms, and the reforms lost momentum once contending agendas prevailed.

scholarly journals Concentration, distribution and occurrence of mercury in Chinese coals

2021 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Wenying Ren ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Qingyi Cao ◽  
Chaoming Liang
Keyword(s):  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Concentration Distribution ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Atmospheric Mercury ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Coal Ranks ◽  
High Mercury ◽  
Lean Coal ◽  
Eastern Inner Mongolia

Mercury in coals is one of the important sources of atmospheric mercury, which is potentially harmful to the ecological environment. Based on the data of 970 coal samples, the concentration, spatial distribution and occurrence of mercury in Chinese coals were analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: The distribution of mercury concentration in Chinese coalfields is uneven; medium and high mercury coals are mainly distributed in southwest China and eastern Inner Mongolia. The mercury concentrations in various coal-forming periods are as follows: K (0.320 mg/kg) > P2 (0.220 mg/kg) > C3 (0.179 mg/kg) > J (0.177 mg/kg) > D (0.165 mg/kg) > P1 (0.136 mg/kg) > C1 (0.090 mg/kg) > E (0.086 mg/kg) > T3 (0.066 mg/kg). The mercury concentrations in different coal ranks are as follows: Lignite (0.164 mg/kg), long flame coal (0.078 mg/kg), non-caking coal (0.256 mg/kg), weakly caking coal (0.086 mg/kg), gas coal (0.151 mg/kg), fat coal (0.122 mg/kg), coking coal (0.171 mg/kg), lean coal (0.393 mg/kg), meagre coal (0.161 mg/kg), anthracite (0.160 mg/kg). Sulfide bound state is the main form of mercury in coals, and pyrite is the main occurrence medium.

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