Effect of Soil on Fast Pyrolysis Products from Pine (Pinus taeda) Biomass

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ujjain Pradhan ◽  
Sushil Adhikari ◽  
Oladiran Fasina ◽  
Hyungseok Nam
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Dehydration Reactions ◽  
Bio Oil

Abstract. Detrital soil contamination during wood harvesting cannot be avoided without a further cleaning step. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of Piedmont soil on pinewood pyrolysis products. Ash content was varied at 0.56%, 1.16%, 2.77%, 4.40%, 6.87%, 8.35%, and 15.52% by adding soil to woodchips to mimic the highly soil-contaminated biomass that can be found in biorefineries. This study found that bio-oil yield decreased from 47.1% to 26.3% with an increase in ash content from 0.56% to 15.52%. However, the oxygen content of the bio-oil decreased and the carbon content increased, which led to an increase in heating value from 22.5 to 24.9 MJ kg-1. Inorganics in the soil aided in the catalytic cracking and dehydration reactions for bio-oil formation. A slight increase in the total acid number (106 to 117 mg KOH g-1) and water content (20.72% to 24.99%) was observed with more soil inclusion in the pyrolysis. The effect of soil on biochar O/C and H/C ratios was minimal even though the heating value decreased with an increase in soil content. This study showed that soil (4%wt to 7%wt) in the biomass assisted in deoxygenating the bio-oil and lowered the total mass yield while keeping the total energy yield almost constant. Keywords: Fast pyrolysis, Pinewood, Pinus taeda, Soil, Thermochemical conversion.

scholarly journals Batch pyrolysis of cotton stalks for evaluation of biochar energy potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 00001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafat Al Afif ◽  
S. Sean Anayah ◽  
Christoph Pfeifer
Keyword(s):  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Selection Of

The thermal cracking of cotton stalks (CS) via pyrolysis was performed using a laboratory scale batch pyrolysis reactor. The effects of the final pyrolysis temperature varying from 300 to 800°C on the pyrolysis products distribution has been investigated. The maximum biochar yield of 46.5% was obtained at 400°C. As the pyrolysis process temperature increased, the solid char product yield decreased. The lowest biochar yield of 28% was obtained at 800°C. The largest higher heating value (HHV, 25.845 MJ kg-1) was obtained at 600°C. All biochar samples produced between 500 and 700°C had an energy densification ratio of 1.41, indicating a higher mass-energy density than the initial feedstock. A larger share of syngas and bio-oil were produced at higher temperatures, as estimated. Preferential selection of a char based on the energy yield would lead to a selection of the 400°C product, while selection based on the energy densification ratio would be for a product obtained between 500 to 700°C.

scholarly journals Fast Pyrolysis of Poultry Litter in a Bubbling Fluidised Bed Reactor: Energy and Nutrient Recovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daya Shankar Pandey ◽  
Giannis Katsaros ◽  
Christian Lindfors ◽  
James J. Leahy ◽  
Savvas A. Tassou
Keyword(s):  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Nutrient Recovery ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Fluidised Bed Reactor

Livestock production is among the most rapidly growing sectors of the agricultural economy driven primarily by growing demand for animal protein, but also posing significant waste disposal issues and environmental impacts. Moreover, opportunities exist for utilising animal waste at the farm level for heat and power generation (thermal conversion) which can contribute to economic sustainability and also provide a bio-fertiliser for soil amendment. The present study is focused on energy and nutrient recovery from poultry litter using a thermochemical conversion technology (fast pyrolysis). The formation of products (gases, biochar and bio-oil) during the fast pyrolysis of poultry litter was experimentally investigated in a laboratory-scale bubbling fluidised bed reactor. Pyrolytic gases accounted for 15–22 wt.% of the product. The carbon content in biochar increased from 47 to 48.5 wt.% with an increase in the pyrolysis temperature. Phosphorous and potassium recovery in the biochar were over 75%, suggesting that it could be used as an organic soil amendment. The high ash content in poultry litter (14.3 wt.%) resulted in low bio-oil and high biochar yield. The bio-oil yield was over 27 wt.% with a higher heating value of 32.17 MJ/kg (dry basis). The total acid number of the bio-oil decreased from 46.30 to 38.50 with an increase in temperature. The nitrogen content in the bio-oil produced from the poultry litter (>7 wt.%) was significantly higher compared to bio-oil produced from the wood (0.1 wt.%).

scholarly journals BIO-OIL FROM RUBBER WOOD: EFFECTS OF UPGRADING CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Hong Nam Nguyen ◽  
Bùi Văn Đức ◽  
Ngoc Linh Vu ◽  
Hong Nam Nguyen ◽  
Thi Thu Ha Vu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Rubber Wood ◽  
Bio Oil

Despite its prominent potential, the use of rubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis) for bio-oil production has not been fully investigated. This study reported experimental results of the bio-oil production and upgrading from rubber wood using fast pyrolysis technology. The effects of catalyst nature (vermiculite and dolomite), upgrading temperature and bio-oil/catalyst ratio on the product quality were deeply investigated. The results showed that dolomite was suitable to be used as a catalyst for bio-oil upgrading. At 600 °C and a bio-oil/catalyst ratio of 1:1, the bio-oil yield was maximized, while at 400 °C and a ratio of 1:3, the bio-oil heating value was maximized. Depending on usage purposes, a yield-oriented, heating value-oriented or in-between bio-oil upgrading solution could be considered.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Regeneration of Nickel-Based Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Beech Wood Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Carriel Schmitt ◽  
María Gagliardi Reolon ◽  
Michael Zimmermann ◽  
Klaus Raffelt ◽  
Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Nickel Catalysts ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Gas Formation ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Temperature Selectivity

Four nickel-based catalysts are synthesized by wet impregnation and evaluated for the hydrotreatment/hydrodeoxygenation of beech wood fast-pyrolysis bio-oil. Parameters such as elemental analysis, pH value, and water content, as well as the heating value of the upgraded bio-oils are considered for the evaluation of the catalysts’ activity and catalyst reuse in cycles of hydrodeoxygenation after regeneration. The reduction temperature, selectivity and hydrogen consumption are distinct among them, although all catalysts tested produce upgraded bio-oils with reduced oxygen concentration, lower water content and higher energy density. Ni/SiO2, in particular, can remove more than 50% of the oxygen content and reduce the water content by more than 80%, with low coke and gas formation. The evaluation over four consecutive hydrotreatment reactions and catalyst regeneration shows a slightly reduced hydrodeoxygenation activity of Ni/SiO2, mainly due to deactivation caused by sintering and adsorption of poisoning substances, such as sulfur. Following the fourth catalyst reuse, the upgraded bio-oil shows 43% less oxygen in comparison to the feedstock and properties comparable to the upgraded bio-oil obtained with the fresh catalyst. Hence, nickel-based catalysts are promising for improving hardwood fast-pyrolysis bio-oil properties, especially monometallic nickel catalysts supported on silica.

Investigation of Fast Pyrolysis of Camelina Sativa Meal in an Auger Reactor

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan R. Almberg ◽  
Gregory J. Michna ◽  
Stephen P. Gent
Keyword(s):  
Corn Stover ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Native Prairie ◽  
Acid Titration ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Camelina Meal ◽  
Auger Reactor

Fast pyrolysis is one method of creating bio-oil from biomass such as native prairie grasses, corn stover, and other organic commercial and industrial byproducts. In this study, fast pyrolysis of camelina (Camelina sativa) meal feedstock was performed in an auger-type reactor. End products of the processing consisted of bio-char and condensed vapor in the form of bio-oil (ranging from liquid to highly viscous tar-like products). The bio-oil produced in the reactor was collected and analyzed to determine the effects of reactor and condenser temperatures on the properties of the bio-oil produced. Five reactor temperatures and two condenser temperatures were investigated in this study. The rheological properties of the bio-oil samples were analyzed, water content was determined with the Karl Fisher method, energy content was measured with a bomb calorimeter, and acidity was determined using a total acid titration test. The aging characteristics of the bio-oil were also investigated at seven days, fourteen days, and twenty-eight days after the oil was created to determine what effect, if any, time had on the its properties. Preliminary results indicated that products of the camelina meal pyrolysis process were more uniform when compared to that of other feedstocks (e.g. carinata meal, corn stover), yielding more consistent bio-oil characteristics.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF FAST PYROLYSIS WITH TEMPERATURE ON GAS, CHAR AND BIO-OIL PRODUCTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (26) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Marcos Antônio KLUNK ◽  
Sudipta DASGUPTA ◽  
Mohuli DAS
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heat Transfer ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Rice husk is among the products that stand out in use, and it is used as an alternative source of energy. The use of rice husk as biomass in the feeding of pyrolytic reactors for power generation and chemical products can reduce the environmental problem destination of this waste. The advantages of this process are in the proper disposal of this waste and energy generation. Fast pyrolysis of the rice husk was carried out in temperatures of 400-600°C. This work aims to evaluate the influence of temperature on yield and product composition of the gas, bio-oil, and char. The yield of bio-oil proved to be efficient (62 wt.% at 450°C) due to the high heat transfer and mass, as well as the residence time in the reactor. In addition, bio-oil production decreases slightly due to increased gas yield (1 to 15 wt.%) as the temperature increases in the range of 400-600°C, with the composition being severely affected, i.e., The concentration of CO increases and that of CO2 decreases. In addition, a slight increase in the concentration of CH4 and C2-C4 hydrocarbons occurs with increasing temperature. The yield of char at 400°C and 600°C was 41.14-34.77 wt.%, respectively, corresponding to a decrease of 16 wt.%. The char obtained is of low heating value but has good features for the production of active carbons and amorphous silica. These results demonstrate the efficiency and optimization of the fast pyrolysis of rice husk, in order to obtain biooil and char.

scholarly journals Impact of Pretreatment on Hydrothermally Carbonized Spruce

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2984
Author(s):  
Anna Partridge ◽  
Ekaterina Sermyagina ◽  
Esa Vakkilainen
Keyword(s):  
Treated Wood ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Lignin Extraction

Upgrading biomass waste streams can improve economics in wood industries by adding value to the process. This work considers use of a hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process for the residual feedstock after lignin and hemicelluloses extraction. Batch experiments were performed at 200–240 °C temperatures and three hours residence time with an 8:1 biomass to water ratio for two feedstocks: Raw spruce and spruce after lignin extraction. The proximate analysis and heating value showed similar results for both feedstocks, indicating that the thermochemical conversion is not impacted by the removal of lignin and hemicelluloses; the pretreatment processing slightly increases the heating value of the treated feedstock, but the HTC conversion process produces a consistent upgrading trend for both the treated and untreated feedstocks. The energy yield was 9.7 percentage points higher for the treated wood on average across the range temperatures due to the higher mass yield in the treated experiments. The energy densification ratio and the mass yield were strongly correlated with reaction temperature, while the energy yield was not. Lignocellulosic composition of the solid HTC product is mainly affected by HTC treatment, the effect of lignin extraction is negligible.

Investigation of Fast Pyrolysis of Brassica Carinata in an Auger Type Reactor

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Sonnek ◽  
Stephen P. Gent ◽  
Gregory J. Michna
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Brassica Carinata ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Native Prairie ◽  
Type Reactor ◽  
Acid Titration ◽  
Bio Oil

Fast pyrolysis is one method of creating bio-oil from biomass such as native prairie grasses, corn stover, and other organic commercial and industrial byproducts. In this study, fast pyrolysis of Brassica carinata meal, or simply carinata meal, was performed in an auger-type reactor. The bio-oil produced in the reactor was collected and analyzed to determine the effects of reactor and condenser temperatures on the properties of the bio-oil produced. Five reactor temperatures and two condenser temperatures were investigated in this research. The rheological properties of the bio-oil samples were analyzed, water content was determined with the Karl Fisher method, energy content was measured with a bomb calorimeter, and acidity was determined using a total acid titration test. The aging characteristics of the bio-oil were also investigated at seven days, fourteen days, and twenty-eight days after the oil was created to determine what effect, if any, time had on the its properties. Preliminary results indicate that any reactor temperature above 500°C produces bio-oils of similar composition, although with changes in yield. In addition, the short-term aging results of the bio-oils have shown insignificant changes in total acid number, water content, and energy content.

Experimentally Derived Arrhenius Coefficients for the Reaction Modeling of Fast Pyrolysis

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rhett Mayor ◽  
Alexander Williams
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Bulk Reaction ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Mass Conversion ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

The search for fossil fuel alternatives has been one of increasing interest in recent years and one method which shows evidence of feasibility on a large scale is the production of bio-oil through the pyrolysis of biomass. In order to mathematically characterize biomass pyrolysis reactions for the purpose of process modeling, reaction descriptors in the form of Arrhenius coefficients are frequently utilized. Due to the complexity and inhomogeneity of biomass molecular structures, strictly analytically derived Arrhenius coefficients are not capable of predicting pyrolysis behaviors and outcomes. Typically thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is employed as a method of extracting mass conversion data as a function of temperature from which bulk reaction descriptors following the form of Arrhenius reaction coefficients are derived. The preceding time and temperature history, however, will have a significant impact on the biomass conversion processes at each subsequent data point. This renders derived process predictors from TGA incapable of approximating fast pyrolysis reactions which have a markedly different time and temperature history than is seen utilizing TGA methods. Experimentally derived reaction descriptors of the Arrhenius form for the fast pyrolysis of biomass have been investigated utilizing a novel isothermal fast pyrolysis reactor. Multiple reaction durations and reaction temperatures for Pinus Taeda were tested resulting in measurements of biomass conversion. Reaction coefficients derived from the data are compared to coefficients derived utilizing TGA data and their predictions for mass conversion are contrasted.

Properties of Brassica Carinata and Camelina Sativa Meals and Fast Pyrolysis Derived Bio-Oils

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Harris ◽  
James Lawburgh ◽  
Brian Lawburgh ◽  
Gregory J. Michna ◽  
Stephen P. Gent
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Brassica Carinata ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Viable Biomass ◽  
Acid Test ◽  
Strong Acids

Fast pyrolysis is one method of creating bio-oil from various sources of biomass. In this research, fast pyrolysis of Brassica carinata and Camelina sativa meals were performed using a fluidized bed reactor. Chemical and physical properties of each oil sample were analyzed to determine the initial characteristics of the samples produced. Karl Fischer method was used to determine the water content and a total acid test was used to determine the total number of strong acids in each oil sample. A bomb calorimeter was used to determine the energy content of each bio-oil sample. Calorimetry and particle sizing were also done on the meals, on “dried” samples and “as received” samples. Particle size distributions of ground and unground samples of the feedstocks were determined. The results from this study can be used to assess the possibilities of using Brassica carinata and Camelina sativa meals as viable biomass sources for producing bio-oil. This could add value to these meals by turning a by-product of the oil extraction process into a resource for production of bio-oil.

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