scholarly journals Affordability Linked with Subsidy: Impact of Fertilizers Subsidy on Household Welfare in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhter Ali ◽  
Dil Bahadur Rahut ◽  
Muhammad Imtiaz
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Subsidy Program ◽  
The Government ◽  
Crops Yield ◽  
The Impact

Historically, the government of Pakistan has been providing subsidy on fertilizers, and the most recent subsidy program started during 2015–2016. The current study aims to estimate the impact of the fertilizers subsidy program on fertilizers application and its impact on the crops yield and household income levels using a comprehensive cross-sectional dataset collected from 850 farmers from all four major provinces of Pakistan. The fertilizer subsidy program enabled 80% of the farmers to apply recommended doses of fertilizers, and also incentivized the farmers to bring more area under cultivation. The empirical analysis has been carried out by employing the propensity score matching approach (PSM), and results indicated that fertilizer subsidy has a positive impact on crops yield and household income levels. As a result of subsidy, the wheat yields are higher in the range of 65–71 kg per hectare while the rice yields are higher in the range of 34–43 kg per hectare. The household income levels are higher in the range of 5671 to 6549 rupees. The fertilizer subsidy on a sustainable basis can encourage the resource-poor farmers to apply recommended doses of fertilizers and thus increase crop production, thereby contributing to the improvement in their livelihood.

scholarly journals Econometric Analyses of Adoption and Household-Level Impacts of Improved Rice Varieties in the Uplands of Yunnan, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaiyu Wang ◽  
Sushil Pandey ◽  
Lu Feng
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Econometric Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Higher-yielding rice varieties adapted to the upland conditions of Yunnan were developed and disseminated during the late 1990s. Using cross-sectional farm-level data of 448 households collected from five prefectures in Southern Yunnan, this paper carries out an econometric analysis of the determinants of variations in the adoption of improved varieties among households and assesses the impact of adoption on rice income and total household income. The two major determinants of adoption were found to be the government programs for extension of improved upland rice varieties and for terracing of sloping fields. The presence of government programs for extension and for terracing contributed to increased adoption of improved varieties. Household-specific factors such as land and labor endowments were less important as these variables had a statistically insignificant impact on adoption. The adoption of improved rice varieties increased both rice income and the average household income. About half of the household income difference observed between the full adopters and non-adopters of improved rice varieties with comparable household characteristics can be attributed directly to the adoption. The results imply that increased investments in promoting improved rice varieties and terracing will generate additional income growth in the uplands of Yunnan.

scholarly journals The Role of Potato Seed Cooperative on the Livelihood of Rural Households in Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Wegayehu Bogale Fitawek ◽  
Belaineh Legesse
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Government Organization ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Agricultural Cooperatives help their members to increase their yield and incomes by pooling their resource to support collective service provisions and economic empowerment. The objective of this paper is to provide empirical evidences of the impact of potato seed producing cooperatives on the livelihoods of rural households in the study area. The study has used cross-sectional data of year 2013. Primary data were collected from the sample of 172 households (82 from Haramaya and 90 from Kersa districts) from both members of cooperative and non-member. A propensity score matching method was used to evaluate the impact of potato seed producing cooperative on household income, expenditure and asset. The evaluation results revealed that member of potato seed production cooperative have got higher income from crop production, total annual income and asset holdings amounting to Birr 29 006, 33 901 and 47 768 respectively. Members also spent Birr 11 728 more than non-member households. This indicates membership to potato seed cooperative is found to have a positive and significant on livelihood indicators. Therefore, the government and other non-government organization like ISSD should provide more support to expand seed producing cooperative to improve the livelihood and food security statues of the rural households.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF FISCAL POLICY TOWARD ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND POVERTY RATE IN INDONESIA

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-424
Author(s):  
Indra Maipita ◽  
Mohd. Dan Jantan ◽  
Nor Azam Abdul Razak
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The government is continuously formulating some policies in order to boast economic growth and downsize poverty rate. However, the government is facing some obstacles such as an increasingly in budget deficit which is potentially impacting to the determining of priority scale as well as the pro and contra within it. Based on that consideration, economic policy is needed to be revised and redesigned in order to meet the need of pro growth, pro job, and pro poor. Generally, this research aims to examine the impact of an expansion and contraction of fiscal policy measures on Indonesia economic performance. For the purpose of this study, the change of macro economic indicators, economic sector performance, and the change of poverty and income distribution are examined using the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. In order to evaluate the disparity of income distribution, beta distribution function is used which is adopted from Decaluwe, et al. (1999). This study employs Foster, Greer, and Thorbecke (F-G-T) and Cockburn (2001) methods to evaluate poverty (poverty incidence) on each household group. The results of this study show that the impact of an increase in subsidy is more favourable than two others fiscal policy measures. Even though the policy of transfer income gives a positive impact for the upsizing of rural household income and the downsizing in poverty, but on the other hand it has negative impact on others household income which aggregately has a negative impact on the decreasing of GDP. JEL Classification: I32, E62.Keywords: fiscal policy, poverty, income distribution

scholarly journals Impacts of Agricultural Cooperatives on Farmers’ Revenues in Cambodia: A Case Study of Tram Kak District, Takeo Province

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sereynithia Hun ◽  
Shoichi Ito ◽  
Hiroshi Isoda ◽  
Yuichiro Amekawa
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government ◽  
Takeo Province ◽  
The Impact

Agricultural cooperatives in Cambodia have been promoted with the aim of increasing agricultural production and farmers’ revenues. The objectives of this study are to identify factors influencing farmers’ decision on membership in agricultural cooperatives, and to assess the impact of being a member in those cooperatives on farmers’ revenues from paddy, livestock and farm. Cross-sectional data from interviews of 242 households in Tram Kak District, Takeo Province were used. The probit model and propensity score matching were employed to achieve the objectives. The results show that farmers who sold their paddy and had been contacted by extension workers from the government agency and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are more likely to join the cooperatives while male-headed household farmers and farmers who have high off-farm income are less likely to become members of the cooperatives. Moreover, the results of propensity score matching reveal that agricultural cooperatives have no impact on paddy yields and paddy revenue due to the fact that agricultural cooperatives do not provide sufficient training to their members, and members did not actively attend those trainings provided. Also, the cooperatives have failed to provide members better prices for their paddy. There are positive impacts on their livestock and farm revenues through increasing livestock and other crop production when agricultural cooperatives provide livestock and other crop training to their members. However, there is no impact on non-members if they join the cooperatives as they have higher off-farm income, less paddy land size and fewer laborers that are not favorable to taking on other farming activities.

scholarly journals Impact of A Maternal and Newborn Health Results Based Financing Intervention (RBF4MNH) On Stillbirth: A Cross-Sectional Comparison in Four Districts in Malawi.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Makuluni ◽  
William Stones
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Newborn Health ◽  
Maternal And Newborn Health ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Maternal And Newborn ◽  
Results Based Financing

Abstract Background: A Results Based Financing (RBF) model for Maternal and Newborn Health, “RBF4MNH” was implemented by the Government of Malawi in four Districts, with the aim of improving health outcomes. We used this setting to examine the impact of this model on antepartum and intrapartum stillbirth, taking women’s risk factors into account. Methods: We used maternity unit delivery registers at hospitals in four districts of Malawi to obtain information about stillbirths. The result based finance for maternal and newborn health intervention was ongoing in two districts and two non-intervention districts were used for comparison. Data were extracted from the maternity registers and analyzed using STATA version 14. Logistic regression models were developed to determine crude and adjusted odds ratios for fresh and macerated stillbirth. Results: In the study period there were 67 stillbirths among 2,772 deliveries representing 24.1 per 1,000 live births of which 52% (n=35) were fresh (intrapartum) stillbirths and 48% (n=32) were macerated (antepartum) losses. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for fresh and macerated stillbirth at RBF versus non-RBF sites were 2.67 (95%CI 1.24 to 5.57, P=0.01) and 7.27 (95%CI 2.74 to 19.25 P<0.001) respectively.Gestational age at delivery was significantly associated with stillbirths. Conclusion: The study did not identify a positive impact of result based finance for maternal and newborn health on the reduction of both fresh and macerated stillbirths. There is a need for rigorously designed and tested interventions to strengthen service delivery with a focus on the elements needed to ensure quality of intrapartum care.

Multidisciplinary team decision is rare and decreasing in percutaneous vascular interventions despite positive impact on in-hospital outcomes

VASA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian-Alexander Behrendt ◽  
Tilo Kölbel ◽  
Thea Schwaneberg ◽  
Holger Diener ◽  
Ralf Hohnhold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Outcomes ◽  
Vascular Intervention ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Team Decision ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Background: Worldwide prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is increasing and peripheral vascular intervention (PVI) has become the primary invasive treatment. There is evidence that multidisciplinary team decision-making (MTD) has an impact on in-hospital outcomes. This study aims to depict practice patterns and time changes regarding MTD of different medical specialties. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study design. 20,748 invasive, percutaneous PVI of PAD conducted in the metropolitan area of Hamburg (Germany) were consecutively collected between January 2004 and December 2014. Results: MTD prior to PVI was associated with lower odds of early unsuccessful termination of the procedures (Odds Ratio 0.662, p < 0.001). The proportion of MTD decreased over the study period (30.9 % until 2009 vs. 16.6 % from 2010, p < 0.001) while rates of critical limb-threatening ischemia (34.5 % vs. 42.1 %), patients´ age (70 vs. 72 years), PVI below-the-knee (BTK) (13.2 % vs. 22.4 %), and rates of severe TASC C/D lesions BTK (43.2 % vs. 54.2 %) increased (all p < 0.001). Utilization of MTD was different between medical specialties with lowest frequency in procedures performed by internists when compared to other medical specialties (7.1 % vs. 25.7 %, p < 0.001). Conclusions: MTD prior to PVI is associated with technical success of the procedure. Nonetheless, rates of MTD prior to PVI are decreasing during the study period. Future studies should address the impact of multidisciplinary vascular teams on long-term outcomes.

Financial and monetary policy of the State and its impact on the income level and poverty reduction in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 964-990
Author(s):  
N.I. Kulikov ◽  
V.L. Parkhomenko ◽  
Akun Anna Stefani Rozi Mobio
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Subject. We assess the impact of tight financial and monetary policy of the government of the Russian Federation and the Bank of Russia on the level of household income and poverty reduction in Russia. Objectives. The purpose of the study is to analyze the results of financial and monetary policy in Russia and determine why the situation with household income and poverty has not changed for the recent six years, and the GDP growth rate in Russia is significantly lagging behind the global average. Methods. The study employs methods of analysis of scientific and information base, and synthesis of obtained data. The methodology and theoretical framework draw upon works of domestic and foreign scientists on economic and financial support to economy and population’s income. Results. We offer measures for liberalization of the financial and monetary policy of the government and the Central Bank to ensure changes in the structure of the Russian economy. The proposed alternative economic and financial policy of the State will enable the growth of real incomes of the population, poverty reduction by half by 2024, and annual GDP growth up to 6 per cent. Conclusions. It is crucial to change budget priorities, increase the salaries of public employees, introduce a progressive tax rate for individuals; to reduce the key rate to the value of annual inflation and limit the bank margin. The country needs a phased program to increase the population's income, which will ensure consumer demand.

Diversity and the Performance of Selected Financial Institutions of Asia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Shafaque Fatima ◽  
Saqib Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Diversity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nationality Diversity

Linking with the business case for diversity, this study examines whether the top management team (TMT) and the board of directors (BODs) diversity has a positive impact on financial institution (FI) performance in select countries of Asia least researched domain. We use data from 119 financial institutions across Asia for the year 2015, initially 1,447 institutions; however, incomplete data was excluded from final analysis. We use three proxies for diversity, that is, nationality diversity, gender diversity, and age diversity of TMT and BODs. To investigate the impact of TMT and BODs diversity, cross-sectional ordinary least-squares estimation is applied, using Return on Average Assets (ROAA%) as a measure of performance.  We find that nationality diversity and age diversity is positively and significantly related to FIs performance. Our evidence indicates that executives and board members with diverse exposure and younger age improve FIs profitability. However, there is no significant relationship between gender and FIs performance.

Does a carbon emissions trading scheme spur urban green innovation? Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2110153
Author(s):  
Chao Li ◽  
Xiangyou Li ◽  
Deyong Song ◽  
Meng Tian
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Green Innovation ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Carbon Emissions Trading ◽  
The Government ◽  
Trading Scheme ◽  
The Impact

Based on the panel data of 277 cities between 2003 and 2017 and a unique city-level dataset of green patent applications, this study employs the difference-in-differences (DID) method to evaluate the effect of China’s carbon emission trading scheme (ETS) pilots on urban green innovation. The findings indicate that China’s ETS pilots have a positive impact on urban green innovation, and that impact is more significant for municipalities than for prefecture-level cities. Furthermore, the impact on different categories of urban green innovation is heterogeneous. More specifically, China’s ETS pilots have significantly spurred urban green innovation that is closely related to energy conservation and emission reduction, including alternative energy production, transportation, energy conservation and so forth. Moreover, the facilitating effect of China’s ETS pilots on urban green innovation suffers from a lagging effect, which began to show a significant positive effect in 2016. Overall, this paper identifies the effect of China’s ETS pilots on urban green innovation, and suggests that the government should consider the heterogeneity of urban green innovation when designing national ETS policies.

scholarly journals How Loan Bank of Assistive Technology Impacts on Life of Persons with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Neuromuscular Diseases: A Collaborative Initiative

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 763
Author(s):  
Thais Pousada ◽  
Jessica Garabal-Barbeira ◽  
Cristina Martínez ◽  
Betania Groba ◽  
Laura Nieto-Riveiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Neuromuscular Diseases ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Assistive Device ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

(1) Background: The study is focused on the implementation of outcome measurement tools to assess the impact of an assistive device from a loan bank in the lives of people with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Neuromuscular Diseases. The secondary purpose is to analyse the correct matching between the person and technology, derived from the counselling of an occupational therapist. (2) Methods: Cross-sectional study. The sample was formed by 28 people with rare neurodegenerative disorders. A specific questionnaire, the Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Device Scale (PIADS), and the Matching Person and Technology (MPT) tool were applied to collect the data. (3) Results: The dimension of the PIADS with the best score was competence, and the variations according to gender were not remarkable. The three dimensions of the PIADS (competence, adaptability, and self-esteem) were correlated positively between them and with the mean score of the MPT tool (p < 0.01). The type of assistive technology (AT), diagnosis, and correct match between person–technology are the main factors that condition a positive impact. (4) Conclusions: The results noted the importance of assessing the needs, demands, and contexts of people with rare neurodegenerative diseases to prescribe the best AT. Loan banks of AT have to be considered a valid service that complements their lack in public health services.

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