scholarly journals Fuzzy Linear Programming Models for a Green Logistics Center Location and Allocation Problem under Mixed Uncertainties Based on Different Carbon Dioxide Emission Reduction Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun ◽  
Lu ◽  
Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Allocation Problem ◽  
Programming Models ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Logistics Center ◽  
Logistics Network ◽  
Center Location ◽  
Mixed Uncertainties

This study explores a foundational logistics center location and allocation problem in a three-stage logistics network that consists of suppliers, logistics centers, and customers. In this study, the environmental sustainability of the logistics network is improved by optimizing the carbon dioxide emissions of the logistics network based on multi-objective optimization and carbon tax regulation. Mixed uncertainties in the planning stage, including the supply capacities of suppliers, operation capacities of logistics centers, and demands of customers, are modeled using triangular fuzzy numbers based on the fuzzy set theory to order to enhance the reliability of the logistics center location and allocation planning. To solve the green logistics center location and allocation problem under mixed uncertainties, we establish two fuzzy mixed integer linear programming models. The fuzzy credibilistic chance-constrained programming is then adopted to obtain the crisp and linear reformulations of the fuzzy programming models. A numerical case is given to verify the feasibility of the proposed methods, in which the performance of carbon tax regulation in reducing carbon dioxide emissions is then tested based on the benchmark provided by the multi-objective optimization. Lastly, sensitivity analysis and fuzzy simulation are utilized to reveal the effect of the mixed uncertainties on the logistics location and allocation planning and further determine the best confidence level in the fuzzy chance constraints to provide decision makers with a crisp plan.

So You Want a Carbon Tax: How Do You Design It?

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
Gilbert E. Metcalf
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Practical Advice ◽  
Traded Goods ◽  
The Government

This chapter reviews the nuts and bolts of implementing a carbon tax. Invoking principles of administrative simplicity, ease of compliance, and avoidance of design features that dilute the price signal, it gives practical advice on who should be responsible for collecting the tax and remitting it to the government. It explains how the tax should handle the possibility that we can capture and permanently store carbon dioxide emissions and how we should tax emissions related to internationally traded goods so the United States is not disadvantaged in global trade. Finally, it identifies, and warns policymakers away from, various pitfalls in carbon tax design.

Design on Carbon Tax Model and its Simulation Results Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 1727-1730
Author(s):  
Wei Lv
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Right ◽  
Energy Companies

The carbon tax is levied on carbon dioxide emissions, its main role is to inhibit the use of fossil energy companies are. In this thesis, a carbon tax model, and the model of the simulation study, the researchers showed that a carbon tax can give companies the right to choose freely choose the way to cut emissions of carbon tax system. Such a system would encourage enterprises to adopt minimum cost level of output to produce.

scholarly journals Analysis of Carbon Tax on Selected European Countries: Does Carbon Tax Reduce Emissions?

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Ali Eren Alper
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Environmental Taxes

Since the first days of its existence, the humanity had been using natural resources to meet its needs. Especially along with the globalization period as a result of the Industrial Revolution and the rapid development of communication technologies within the last fifty years, the production has increased significantly in the world and has created negative effects on the environment. The leading adverse effects involve the emission of greenhouse gases and the global warming, which stem from the energy supply of fossil fuels as the main inputs of production. The global warming can be described as an increase in temperature worldwide. Irreversibility is the most important feature of the global warming. Therefore, in the absence of objective measures, the future costs would be much higher than the current ones. For this reason, governments need to take various measures to reduce the volume of emissions. The most important of these measures is carbon taxes. Carbon taxation encourages individuals to use fewer fossil fuels and to find new sources of energy by increasing the cost of using fossil fuels that cause carbon dioxide emissions through the price mechanism. To this end, the impacts of carbon tax levied in 18 selected European countries on economic growth, urbanization, natural gas and petroleum usage, and CO2 emissions are examined by panel data analysis for the 1995-2015 period. The analysis results indicate that a 1% increase in environmental taxes reduces carbon dioxide emissions by 0.9%. Furthermore, it is reported that a 1% increase in natural gas and petroleum consumption among the variables included in the analysis increased carbon dioxide emissions by 0.1% and 0.7%, respectively; while a 1% increase in urbanization reduced carbon dioxide emissions by 0.9%.

scholarly journals Setting a price for carbon for implementing a carbon tax or a cap and trade system for controlling carbon dioxide emissions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfa Ng
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Environmental Economics ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Cap And Trade ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Supply Shock

Carbon tax and cap and trade are two main policy tools for market-based mechanisms aimed at curbing carbon dioxide emissions. But, their implementation requires a careful calibration of the price of carbon, on which a carbon tax is levied, or which helps price carbon credits in an emissions trading system. Hence, setting a price on carbon, tuned to the fundamentals of the local economy, is a profound question in environmental economics, important for benchmarking the price of many goods and services dependent on fossil fuel energy for material input or function. One approach to setting a price on carbon is to progressively increase the price of carbon through regulatory statute from an initial low price. This would help industries and the economy to gradually adapt to a marketplace where there is an additional regulatory price on carbon in addition to a material and services price. On the other hand, a one-off approach at setting the final price of carbon in the economy may deliver a severe demand and supply shock, which may have repercussions beyond businesses needing to factor the price of carbon in their economic calculus. Thus, whether a progressive price increase in carbon or setting the final price, pricing carbon is a delicate economic issue with significant implications for the functioning of an economy choosing either the carbon tax or cap and trade system for regulating carbon dioxide emissions.

Reflections on Carbon Tax on Way to Carbon Dioxide Emissions

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 1385-1388
Author(s):  
Xiao Yan Zhang ◽  
Yan Lei Qiu ◽  
Pei Long Shen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Current Implementation

Carbon dioxide is one of the most important greenhouse gases which have caused the global warm. Reducing greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide emission, has become the hot spot of environmental issues in the current society of international world. Based on the analysis of carbon dioxide emissions in the global environment and the present introduction of carbon tax as a tool for reducing carbon dioxide emissions, the paper, on a unique perspective, compared some related conceptions in deep and analyzed the principle of the means in reducing carbon dioxide from the perspective of macro and micro. Finally, the paper gave the conclusion of China's carbon tax in the current implementation of specific measures.

scholarly journals CO2 Mitigation in the Power Sector of Thailand: Analyses of Cleaner Supply-side Options Beyond the Paris Agreement

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyheang Chhay ◽  
Bundit Limmeechokchai
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Power Development

Background: The drastically increasing share of fossil fuel supply to meet the rapidly growing electricity demand resulting in increasing Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, is the major concern in Thailand. In 2015, fossil fuels used in electricity generation in Thailand accounted for around 85.3% of the total electricity generation. Aim: The aim of the study is to analyze carbon dioxide mitigation options under the cleaner supply-side option beyond the Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) of Thailand. Methods: In this study, the Long-range Energy Planning (LEAP) model is used to analyze the share of electricity generation and CO2 mitigation from four main different scenarios, namely Business-as-Usual (BAU), Renewable Energy (RE), Carbon Capture Storage (CCS), and Carbon Tax (CT) scenarios during 2015 to 2050. The BAU scenario is constructed following the power development targets of the Power Development Plan in 2015. Results: The results illustrate that in the BAU scenario, electricity generation and carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector will increase by 57.7% and 37.3%, respectively in 2050 as compared to 2015. The imposition of carbon tax of $20/tCO2 from 2020 and an increase to $500/t CO2 by 2050 will have a high potential to reduce CO2 emissions from the power sector as compared with other scenarios. Conclusion: Results show that except for the RE scenarios considering the lower share of solar and biomass, all scenarios would help Thailand in achieving the target of INDC by 2030. Results provide that the share of imported electricity is higher with the imposition of carbon tax as compared to the scenarios with the promotion of renewable energy, CCS and EV technology.

scholarly journals Setting a price for carbon for implementing a carbon tax or a cap and trade system for controlling carbon dioxide emissions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfa Ng
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Environmental Economics ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Cap And Trade ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Supply Shock

Carbon tax and cap and trade are two main policy tools for market-based mechanisms aimed at curbing carbon dioxide emissions. But, their implementation requires a careful calibration of the price of carbon, on which a carbon tax is levied, or which helps price carbon credits in an emissions trading system. Hence, setting a price on carbon, tuned to the fundamentals of the local economy, is a profound question in environmental economics, important for benchmarking the price of many goods and services dependent on fossil fuel energy for material input or function. One approach to setting a price on carbon is to progressively increase the price of carbon through regulatory statute from an initial low price. This would help industries and the economy to gradually adapt to a marketplace where there is an additional regulatory price on carbon in addition to a material and services price. On the other hand, a one-off approach at setting the final price of carbon in the economy may deliver a severe demand and supply shock, which may have repercussions beyond businesses needing to factor the price of carbon in their economic calculus. Thus, whether a progressive price increase in carbon or setting the final price, pricing carbon is a delicate economic issue with significant implications for the functioning of an economy choosing either the carbon tax or cap and trade system for regulating carbon dioxide emissions.

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