Reflections on Carbon Tax on Way to Carbon Dioxide Emissions

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 1385-1388
Author(s):  
Xiao Yan Zhang ◽  
Yan Lei Qiu ◽  
Pei Long Shen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Current Implementation

Carbon dioxide is one of the most important greenhouse gases which have caused the global warm. Reducing greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide emission, has become the hot spot of environmental issues in the current society of international world. Based on the analysis of carbon dioxide emissions in the global environment and the present introduction of carbon tax as a tool for reducing carbon dioxide emissions, the paper, on a unique perspective, compared some related conceptions in deep and analyzed the principle of the means in reducing carbon dioxide from the perspective of macro and micro. Finally, the paper gave the conclusion of China's carbon tax in the current implementation of specific measures.

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Emissions Monitoring in Romania in the Context of Greenhouse Gases Reduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Avram Lazăr ◽  
Cristescu Tudora ◽  
Stoica Monica Emanuela
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Emission Coefficient ◽  
Weather Changes

The weather changes we are currently witnessing, characterised by dynamism and extreme phenomena, are the direct and indirect result of human activities which are determining the global atmosphere change in composition. The paperwork follows the evaluation and comparison of carbon dioxide emission coefficient in case of liquid oil fuels burning. The calculus model used for the carbon dioxide emission coefficient evaluation has been developed based on mathematical models from specific publications. It was applied in the case study based on data from specific literature. The results obtained following the evaluation allowed certain comparisons in the field of carbon dioxide emissions in case of the complete burning of certain fluid hydrocarbons use in industry.

scholarly journals Prospective Electric Power Cooperation among Northeast Asian Countries in the Context of Carbon Tax Sergei Podkovalnikov, Chudinova Lyudmila

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
S. Podkovalnikov ◽  
L. Chudinova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
System Expansion ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Northeast Asian

The paper addresses the prospects for power grid formation in Northeast Asia in terms of carbon dioxide emissions. Carbon dioxide tax is implemented as a tool to quantitatively engage environmental issues in the study. A survey of the studies on the prospective NEA power grid has been done. The research employs a methodology and a mathematical model for the optimization of power system expansion and economic dispatching of power plants. Environmentally friendly scenarios of the NEA power grid were built and studied.

scholarly journals Impact of Livestock Enteric Emission on Climate and its Mitigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-256
Author(s):  
Shahzada Mudasir Rashid ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Livestock Species

The increase in production of greenhouse gases is a major cause of global warming for which livestock holds a big share in total greenhouse gas emission annually. The greenhouse gases produced by livestock include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide etc. Cattle and buffalo are the major contributors responsible for 90% emission of GHG followed by sheep and goat. Increase in carbon dioxide emission by livestock, decaying of dung in absence of oxygen, enteric fermentations are the major sources of greenhouse gas production by livestock species. Owing to greenhouse effect, the elevated greenhouse gases cause global warming resulting in the increase of surface temperature of earth, decreased precipitation, and huge damage to environment and affect the flora and fauna turning the conditions on earth unfavorable for survival of living forms. The major impacts are loss of biodiversity, loss of habitat for animals and plants, uncertainty in climate, increase in livestock diseases, damage to feed sources (plants), decrease in productivity of livestock species and many more. Mitigation measures needed to be focused on decreasing the global meat consumption, implementing carbon tax, feeding dietary oils/nitrates, manure management and its biodigestion, genetic manipulations besides strengthening of global livestock environmental assessment models.

scholarly journals The Problem of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Closed Coal Mine Shafts – The Overview and the Case Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-600
Author(s):  
Paweł Wrona ◽  
Józef Sułkowski ◽  
Zenon Różański ◽  
Grzegorz Pach
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Emission Point ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Gas Hazard ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Reporting Procedures

Abstract Greenhouse gas emissions are a common problem noticed in every mining area just after mine closures. However, there could be a significant local gas hazard for people with continuous (but variable) emission of these gases into the atmosphere. In the Upper Silesia area, there are 24 shafts left for water pumping purposes and gases can flow through them hydraulically. One of them – Gliwice II shaft – was selected for inspection. Carbon dioxide emission with no methane was detected here. Changes in emission and concentration of carbon dioxide around the shaft was the aim of research carried out. It was stated that a selected shaft can create two kinds of gas problems. The first relates to CO2 emission into the atmosphere. Possible emission of that gas during one minute was estimated at 5,11 kg CO2/min. The second problem refers to the local hazard at the surface. The emission was detected within a radius of 8m from the emission point at the level 1m above the ground. These kinds of matters should be subject to regular gas monitoring and reporting procedures.

scholarly journals Sustainable healthcare – Time for ‘Green Podiatry’

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Margaret Evans
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Allied Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Allied Health Professionals ◽  
Foot Health

Abstract Background Healthcare aims to promote good health and yet demonstrably contributes to climate change, which is purported to be ‘the biggest global health threat of the 21st century’. This is happening now, with healthcare as an industry representing 4.4% of global carbon dioxide emissions. Main body Climate change promotes health deficits from many angles; however, primarily it is the use of fossil fuels which increases atmospheric carbon dioxide (also nitrous oxide, and methane). These greenhouse gases prevent the earth from cooling, resulting in the higher temperatures and rising sea levels, which then cause ‘wild weather’ patterns, including floods, storms, and droughts. Particular vulnerability is afforded to those already health compromised (older people, pregnant women, children, wider health co-morbidities) as well as populations closer to equatorial zones, which encompasses many low-and-middle-income-countries. The paradox here, is that poorer nations by spending less on healthcare, have lower carbon emissions from health-related activity, and yet will suffer most from global warming effects, with scant resources to off-set the increasing health care needs. Global recognition has forged the Paris agreement, the United Nations sustainable developments goals, and the World Health Organisation climate change action plan. It is agreed that most healthcare impact comes from consumption of energy and resources, and the production of greenhouse gases into the environment. Many professional associations of medicine and allied health professionals are advocating for their members to lead on environmental sustainability; the Australian Podiatry Association is incorporating climate change into its strategic direction. Conclusion Podiatrists, as allied health professionals, have wide community engagement, and hence, can model positive environmental practices, which may be effective in changing wider community behaviours, as occurred last century when doctors stopped smoking. As foot health consumers, our patients are increasingly likely to expect more sustainable practices and products, including ‘green footwear’ options. Green Podiatry, as a part of sustainable healthcare, directs us to be responsible energy and product consumers, and reduce our workplace emissions.

Driving Factors Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in China Based on STIRPAT Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 1910-1914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Zhi Zhao ◽  
Qing You Yan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Stirpat Model ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Secondary Industry

China is developing at relatively high speed, not only the regional development speed should be focused upon, but also the environmental impact of economic growth should be paid attention to, especially the level change of carbon dioxide emission. To some degree, quantity of carbon dioxide emission has become one of the most important indexes for measuring quality of a nations economic growth. Thus, this thesis is trying to analyze the driving relations between economic growth and carbon dioxide. Upon STIRPAT model, ridge regression method and elasticity theory are applied to analyze the influencing factors of carbon dioxide quantity such as the population quantity, Chinas urbanization process, per capita GDP, energy density and the percentage of the secondary industry. Correspondingly, based on the different influencing variables to carbon dioxide emission quantity, needy measures are brought out to control and decrease emissions. Feasible suggestions are trying to improve Chinas economic development quality.

scholarly journals ENERGY-RELATED CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AGRICULTURE: COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT BENCHMARKING TECHNIQUES

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Baležentis ◽  
Daiva Makutėnienė
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
European Union ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Undesirable Output ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Desirable Output ◽  
Low Performance

The literature suggests different approaches towards modelling of the environmental impact caused by the production processes. The present paper attempts to establish a framework for multicriteria comparison of agricultural sectors of the European Union Member States and identify the performance gaps in terms of energy-related carbon dioxide emission. The research relies on the two approaches, viz. the by-production approach and the multi-criteria decision making approach. The environmental performance indicators were evaluated in regards to the desirable output (gross value added), inputs, and the undesirable output (carbon dioxide emission). The results indicate that Slovakia, Estonia, Lithuania, and Hungary should attempt to improve their carbon factors by implementing cleaner energy technologies. The combinations of by-production sub-indices suggest that productivity gains are more important for Sweden, Belgium, Poland, and France. Czech Republic, Latvia, and Finland are specific with low performance in terms of both the intended production and the undesirable output. The MCDM approach identified similar trends in performance as suggested by country ranking and correlation analysis.

scholarly journals Analysis of monthly CO2 emission trends for major EU Countries: a time series approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Quatrosi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Greenhouse Gasses ◽  
Time Series Approach

<p>The following paper analyses monthly trends for CO<sub>2 </sub>emissions from energy consumption for 31 European countries, four primary fuels (i.e., Crude Oil, Natural Gas, Hard Coal, Lignite) and three secondary fuels (i.e., Gas/Diesel Oil, LPG, Naphta, Petroleum Coke) from 2008 to 2019. Carbon dioxide emission has been estimated following the Reference Approach in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gasses Inventories. Country-specific (e.g. Tier 2) coefficient were retrieved from the IPCC Emission Factor Database and the UN Common Reporting Framework. Data on fuel consumption (e.g., Gross Inland Deliveries) were taken from the Eurostat database. This paper will fill some knowledge gap analysing monthly trends of carbon dioxide emissions for major EU Countries. As the progressive phase-out of carbon is taking place pretty much in all Europe, Crude Oil exerted the largest amount of carbon dioxide emissions in the period considered. Analysis of selected countries unveiled several clusters within the EU in terms of major source of emissions. As final step, the paper has endeavoured the task of fitting a model for monthly CO<sub>2 </sub>forecasting. The whole series presents two structural breaks and can be explained by an autoregressive model of the first order. Indeed, further speculations on a more appropriate fit and more fuels in the estimation, is demanded to other works.</p>

So You Want a Carbon Tax: How Do You Design It?

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
Gilbert E. Metcalf
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Practical Advice ◽  
Traded Goods ◽  
The Government

This chapter reviews the nuts and bolts of implementing a carbon tax. Invoking principles of administrative simplicity, ease of compliance, and avoidance of design features that dilute the price signal, it gives practical advice on who should be responsible for collecting the tax and remitting it to the government. It explains how the tax should handle the possibility that we can capture and permanently store carbon dioxide emissions and how we should tax emissions related to internationally traded goods so the United States is not disadvantaged in global trade. Finally, it identifies, and warns policymakers away from, various pitfalls in carbon tax design.

scholarly journals Simulation of the Operation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Various Biofuels and Its Contribution to Technology Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Tucki ◽  
Remigiusz Mruk ◽  
Olga Orynycz ◽  
Andrzej Wasiak ◽  
Katarzyna Botwińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Technology Management ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine

Economic progress, development of transport, production of new cars, production of more and more energy, and the combustion of fossil fuels are causing huge changes that are currently occurring in the environment. Ecological problems of the contemporary economy combined with perspectives of resources exhaustion, as well as the need to follow sustainable rules of living, require the search for new fuels. Fuels which can assure their availability and good environmental performance are needed for maintaining sustainable transportation. Knowledge about the behavior of various fuels is necessary for realistic methods of technology management in transportation means and the fuel industry. This paper describes biofuels that can be an addition to petrol or can exist as standalone fuels. A simulation was carried out on an urban vehicle and the tested fuels were petrol 95, ethanol, methanol, and dimethyl ether. For the selected engine a simulation corresponding to that of the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) test was created using the Scilab package. Based on this simulation, values of carbon dioxide and water vapor emission were determined. The fuel demand for each fuel mixture and the amount of air for the fuels used were also calculated (and verified on the basis of laboratory tests). It was demonstrated that addition of biofuel decreases emission of carbon dioxide, simultaneously increasing emission of water vapor. Biofuel additive also caused an increase in fuel consumption. Unfortunately, in the New European Driving Cycle test being investigated, carbon dioxide emissions in all cases exceeded the permissible level of 130 g CO2/km, which is bad news in the context of the further tightening of norms and standards. The simulation tests confirmed that when using the start/stop system and applying specific additives, the carbon dioxide emission decreases and the consumption of mixtures with the activated start/stop system is smaller. The analyzed problems and results of this analysis become more important in light of the Worldwide Harmonized Light Duty Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) standard, which became binding from September 2018 and applies to the sale of cars that had been approved prior (in accordance with the New European Driving Cycle standard). Although the NEDC standard appears obsolete the computer model simulating this type of test will be necessary in many cases. It is, however, needed and possible to develop a similar simulation procedure for WLTP tests.

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