scholarly journals Community Adaptive Capacity in Peri-Urban Natural Protected Areas: A Case Study Near Mexico City

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4416
Author(s):  
Ana Quiroz-Ibarra ◽  
Pablo Torres-Lima ◽  
Kristen Conway-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Ecological Resources

Conservation of natural protected areas (NPA), including national parks (NP) in socio-ecological contexts, as spaces essential to the conservation of ecosystems can be closely linked to the adaptive capacity and resilience of the communities associated with them. To analyze the adaptive capacity of the community in Ejido Emiliano Zapata (Emerald Forest) in east peri-urban Mexico City and its influence on the sustainability of Iztaccíhuatl Popocatépetl National Park (NP Izta-Popo), interviews and focus groups within the framework of participatory research were used. We found that there is a close relationship between adaptative strategies of this local community and the NP Izta-Popo Management Program. Strategies such as the sustainable use of ecological resources (ecotourism) based on training, educational, and traditional tools generate economic benefits for families and ecosystem services for environmental conservation. However, the lack of coordination among local and federal institutions represents a gap that the community seeks to reduce through active participation in governance processes that directly affect environmental degradation. Thus, the adaptive capacity of this community, in a context of change and risk, plays an important role in decreasing the ecological deterioration of NP Izta-Popo through participatory, inclusive, and bidirectional approaches.

scholarly journals Multi-benefits of national parks and protected areas: an integrative approach for developing countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shah Md. Atiqul Haq
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Parks And Protected Areas ◽  
Change Mitigation

AbstractNational parks and protected areas can contribute significantly to the needs of poor people who live in and around them and depend heavily on forest resources for their subsistence. Especially for the rural poor who have limited economic options, use of national park resources are the main source for their survival, giving them direct benefits from food, medicine and forest products. National parks can contribute to maintaining the ecosystem and biodiversity conservation, along with the economic benefits to the local population. National parks and protected areas can play a significant role in climate change mitigation as well. Nevertheless, benefits from these areas are not well recognized in management especially in developing countries by incorporating them for climate change mitigation. Though usually more priority is given to conservation, improvement of livelihood and climate change mitigation can be achieved by integrating national parks into management and policy, and by consideration of the potential of human resources. Thus the integration can improve the poverty situation of local people and help them to adapt to climatic change mitigation strategies. Therefore, management of national parks and protected areas should ensure the participation of local communities and stakeholders.

scholarly journals Economic Valuation of Conservation of Inholdings in Protected Areas for the Institution of Payments for Ecosystem Services

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Ok Oh ◽  
Sangkwon Lee ◽  
Hyun No Kim
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Payments For Ecosystem Services ◽  
Study Results

Ecosystem services, as public goods, are often undersupplied because private markets do not fully take into account the social cost of production. To alleviate the concern about this imbalance situation, payments for ecosystem services (PES) have emerged as a preferable alternative. While temples in Korea have owned a considerable part of the national parks, a PES approach can be used as a viable option to alleviate the conflicts among visitors, non-visitors, and temples. The purpose of this paper is to assess the economic values of ecosystem services provided by temple forests as a compensation mechanism. Using a contingent valuation method, an online survey was conducted with 1000 respondents. Study results showed that the economic benefits of the conservation of temple forests were estimated to be substantial, ranging from ₩5980 (US $5.42) to ₩7709 ($7.08) per household per year. The results also confirmed the effects of social factors such as individuals’ trust in the government’s environmental policies and importance on the conservation of temples’ cultural and religious values on the willingness to pay. With a growing interest in securing ecosystem services through a PES approach, estimating economic benefits of the conservation of inholdings in public protected areas will be a valuable piece of information as an important policy decision-making tool.

scholarly journals Application of DMAIC Process Improvement Methodology as an Instrument for Integrated Water Resources Management in Protected Areas

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Natural Protected Areas

A significant part of the Sochi resort region is included into the unique natural protected areas, such as the Caucasus biosphere reserve and Sochi National Park. Development of the regional economy is largely dependent on the natural geo/bio/cenoses management effectiveness on the protected territories. Monitoring of the water resources status and their management is of the particular importance, since the biodiversity of the aquatic environment and the terrestrial flora and fauna of the area dependent on these factors, as well as ensuring the citizen’s requirements and rights. However, presently no one of the existing water environment state assessment methods is able to account various and complex natural communities’ responses to different stress factors and their combined impact.The article presents the world experience on concept of the Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) application and development of the some aspect of the comprehensive natural resources regulation methodology. The authors believe that some elements of environmental management practiced in national parks and reserves of the republic of South Africa can be applicable in development of a system that provides consistent monitoring of environmental quality, the mastering of a sufficient and user-friendly database, based on a set of measures for the conservation and restoration of natural resources One of the most significant watercourses of the protected nature territories of the South of Russia, the Mzymta River has been used as a study case

scholarly journals Ecotourism for Eco Friendly Guest and Green Host - A Case Study on Thenmala Ecotourism Project, Kerala

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
T A Binoy
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Environment Impact ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Environment Impact Assessment

Ecotourism is a purposeful travel to understand the nature and culture of a particular area taking care not to alter the integrity of the ecosystem, while producing economic opportunities that make conservation of natural resources beneficial to the local people. Protected Areas such as national Parks, Biosphere Reserves and Wild Life Sanctuaries have figured prominently in biodiversity conservation and well-designed and managed Protected Areas can form the pinnacle of nation's efforts to protect biological diversity and also provide opportunities for recreation and tourism. Scientific studies show that planning ecotourism in Protected Areas as done in Thenmala ecotourism project, Kerala, first planned ecotourism project in India, which can be a model for other such destination development programmes. In Protected areas, developing forests as recreation spots can mitigate hardships of indigenous communities. This will provide monetary returns to thepublic exchequer, while protecting bio diverse patches with the support of the local community. For better planning and implementation of different components of ecotourism, zonalisation, site-specific action plan, reliable estimates of carrying. capacity and Environment Impact Assessment may be done in all the Protected Areas so as to avoid the ill effects of tourism. This research paper analyses and evaluates the methodology and typology of ecotourism practices at Thenmala, Kerala and proposing Thenmala as a model for the development of similar program in India

scholarly journals Gestão Participativa em Unidades de Conservação com ênfase nos instrumentos legais: um olhar a partir da RDS Estadual Ponta do Tubarão (RN)

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iraci Wanderley-Filha ◽  
Maria Valéria Pereira de Araújo ◽  
Sonia Trigueiro de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
The State ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Management Board ◽  
Ecological Resources ◽  
The Right

As unidades de conservação são espaços naturais em que se observa a presença de pessoas cuja existência se baseia em sistemas sustentáveis de exploração dos recursos ecológicos, desenvolvidos por diversas gerações, adaptados às condições naturais locais e que desempenham um papel básico na proteção da natureza e na manutenção da diversidade biológica. O artigo objetiva identificar e compreender a compatibilização entre as previsões da Lei Federal nº 9.985 que criou o Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação – SNUC, da Lei Complementar nº 272/04 e da Lei Estadual n º 8.349/03 que cria a Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Estadual Ponta do Tubarão, no que diz respeito a aplicabilidade dos princípios constitucionais de garantia do direito de participação social na gestão de Unidades de Conservação - UCs, na gestão ambiental da reserva. A referida reserva abrange os limites dos municípios de Macau e Guamaré, no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental de natureza exploratória e de caráter qualitativo. Os resultados mostraram que apresenta certa acuidade no tocante ao alinhamento legal que cria e implementa a RDS com Lei Complementar 272/04 e às previsões da Lei 9.985/00 clareando e garantindo as formas de participação na gestão da unidade pelo Conselho Gestor com vistas ao desenvolvimento comunitário local. Participatory Management in protected areas with emphasis on legal instruments: a view from the RDS State Ponta do Tubarão (RN, Brazil) ABSTRACT Protected areas are natural areas where there is the presence of people whose existence is based on sustainable farming systems of ecological resources, developed by several generations, adapted to local natural conditions and play a basic role in protecting nature and maintenance of biological diversity. The article aims to identify and understand the compatibility between the predictions of Federal Law 9985 that created the National Protected Areas System - SNUC, of Complementary Law 272/04 and the State Law 8.349/03 establishing a Development Reserve Sustainable State Ponta do Tubarão, with regard to applicability of constitutional principles guaranteeing the right of social participation in protected areas management - UCs, environmental management reserve. Said reserve covers the limits of Macau and Guamaré municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. It is a bibliographical and documentary research exploratory and qualitative. The results showed that presents a certain accuracy regarding the legal alignment that creates and implements the RDS with Complementary Law 272/04 and forecasts of Law 9.985/00 clearing and securing the forms of participation in the management of the unit by the Management Board with a view to developing local community. KEYWORDS: Participative Management; Conservation Unit; Legal instruments.

National Parks in Developed Countries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Richardson ◽  
Bruce Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Values ◽  
Wide Range

Economics plays an important role not only in the management of national parks in developed countries, but also in demonstrating the contribution of these areas to societal well-being. The beneficial effect of park tourism on jobs and economic activity in communities near these protected areas has at times been a factor in their establishment. These economic impacts continue to be highlighted as a way to demonstrate the benefit and return on investment of national parks to local economies. However, the economic values supported by national parks extend far beyond local economic benefits. Parks provide unique recreation opportunities, health benefits, preservation of wildlife and habitat, and a wide range of ecosystem services that the public assigns an economic value to. In addition, value is derived from the existence of national parks and their preservation for future generations. These nonmarket benefits can be difficult to quantify, but they are essential for understanding and communicating the economic importance of parks. Economic methods used to estimate these values have been refined and tested for nearly seven decades, and they have come a long way in helping to elucidate the extent of the nonmarket benefits of protected areas. In many developed countries, national parks have regulations and policies that outline a framework for the consideration of economic values in decision-making contexts. For instance, large oil spills in the United States, such as the Exxon Valdez spill of 1989 and the Deepwater Horizon spill of 2010, highlighted the need to better understand public values for affected park resources, leading to the extensive use of nonmarket values in natural resource damage assessments. Of course, rules and enforcement issues vary widely across countries, and the potential for economics to inform the day-to-day operations of national parks is much broader than what is currently outlined in such policies. While economics is only one piece of the puzzle in managing national parks, it provides a valuable tool for evaluating resource tradeoffs and for incorporating public preferences into the decision-making process, leading to greater transparency and assurance that national parks are managed for the benefit of society. Understanding the full extent of the economic benefits supported by national parks helps to further the mission of these protected areas in developed countries.

scholarly journals Local community involvement in conservation—the use of mini-guides in a programme for sea turtles in Brazil

Oryx ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia F. Vieitas ◽  
Gustave G. Lopez ◽  
Maria A. Marcovaldi
Keyword(s):  
Community Involvement ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Approval Ratings ◽  
Turtle Conservation ◽  
Sea Turtle Conservation ◽  
Alternative Sources

AbstractThe Brazilian Sea Turtle Conservation Programme (TAMAR) was established in 1980 to protect sea turtles in Brazil and to re-establish their natural life cycle, which had been disrupted by humans. The programme is based on grassroots involvement by the coastal communities, and provides jobs and generates alternative sources of income. Within this framework, the mini-guides programme was created. It consists of a summer training course in which local children between 8 and 13 years old learn basic information about marine ecosystems and sea turtles, strategies to promote their conservation, and skills to interact effectively with tourists. After the course, children are given onsite experience by working as interns at the TAMAR visitor centre at Praia do Forte, on schedules designed to avoid conflicts with their studies at school. The children work closely with tourists, informing them about sea turtles and TAMAR's work; they also help the biologists in field activities. In this way, they enhance their own awareness, and by extension their families' and the community's concern about environmental conservation. Their involvement provides them not only with valuable skills, but also an extra source of income, thereby providing economic benefits to their families. The success of this programme is indicated by the excellent approval ratings given by the tourists visiting the area.

scholarly journals Spatial Adaptation of Protected Area Buffer Zones in Urban Setting: Impact on human and conservation agenda

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Che Bon Ahmad ◽  
Jamalunlaili Abdullah ◽  
Jasmee Jaafar ◽  
Ahamad Nazrin Aris Anuar
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Open Access Article

It is considerably challenging task to have a buffer zone (BZ) around protected areas (PA) in the urban area due to the conflict of interest between conservation and development. There is a need for ‘win-win situation’. This research is to identify the impact of a potential buffer zone on human and conservation of natural environment which derived from the stakeholders’ understanding. In-depth interviews with stakeholders of the PA and their surroundings were carried out. The findings suggested that a ‘dual purpose’ BZ – environmental conservation and socio-economic benefits are suitable for the FRIM area.Keywords:; Buffer Zone Concept; Protected Areas; Urban Setting; FRIM, MalaysiaISSN: 2398-4287© 2017. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Pub lishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

scholarly journals Reconstruction Of A System Of National Parks And Protected Areas In China And Russia According To New Demands And Challenges Facing Implementation Of The Belt And Road Project

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Bocharnikov ◽  
Suocheng Dong ◽  
Minyan Zhao ◽  
Zehong Li
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Effective Form ◽  
International Economic Cooperation ◽  
Specially Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Road Project ◽  
Belt And Road

The Protected Areas (PA) system serves to support healthy ecosystems and threatened species, biodiversity and ecosystem services, as well as providing multiple benefits to people. The ecological doctrine ofRussiaconsiders the development of a system of specially protected natural areas (SPNA) to be one of the key directions of state policy. In the history of this country, the creation of SPNA is a traditional and effective step, but currently, state environmental policy is very different from that of the policy of the past, as dictated by theUSSR. Today’s global events, such as the economic collapse resulting from the COVID-19 epidemic, have changed social life dramatically. However, for bothRussiaandChina, there is a clear interest in not repeating Western national park commercialization, as seen in theUSand European countries. The authors consider the idea of adding a new wilderness protected area category, because in reality, it is a very effective form of environmental conservation, especially in «Eastern»Russia. It is discussed that the terrestrial protected area system is not ecologically representative at present, although most countries have reported considerable success in this field.Chinahas declared and is promoting the construction of a community with a «shared future for humanity». The focus of this paper is onChina’s Belt and Road Initiative, as it aims for the functional creation of a new model of international economic cooperation that must include a new and close look at nature conservation.

scholarly journals Political ecology, privation and sustainable livelihoods in northern Thailand's national parks

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 360-377
Author(s):  
Aurathai Phongchiewboon ◽  
Trisia Farrelly ◽  
Karen Hytten ◽  
John Holland
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Sustainable Livelihoods ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Wide Range

National parks provide a wide range of ecological, social and economic benefits. However, in some cases the establishment of national parks has also lead to the displacement of indigenous people, the disruption of their livelihoods, and ongoing social conflict. Northern Thailand's national parks are home to approximately one million indigenous people. Balancing the interests and needs of national park authorities with those of indigenous communities within and adjacent to these parks poses significant challenges. This article employs qualitative research methods to assess the livelihood strategies of six indigenous hill tribe communities residing within three national parks in Northern Thailand. Due to the criminalization of the traditional farming systems and restrictions imposed on land use, these communities have had to adapt their livelihood practices to survive. Our findings suggest that communities remain in a state of flux and are continually adapting to changing circumstances. It is argued that greater community empowerment and participation in collaborative decision making is crucial to strengthen both sustainable livelihoods and environmental conservation efforts within Northern Thailand's national parks.Keywords: Sustainable livelihoods, co-management, Northern Thailand, national parks, social justice

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