scholarly journals Unraveling the (Uneven) Linkage? A Reflection on Population Aging and Suburbanization in a Mediterranean Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirio Cividino ◽  
Gianluca Egidi ◽  
Luca Salvati
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Demographic Transitions ◽  
Demographic Dynamics ◽  
Metropolitan Growth ◽  
Patterns And Processes

A complex interplay between socioeconomic transformations and demographic dynamics has characterized the long-term development of European countries. As a characteristic example of such linkage, the present study focuses on the spatial relationship between metropolitan growth and population age structure. Preferences for urban and suburban locations reflect complex socioeconomic phenomena such as sprawl, class segregation, gentrification and filtering. However, the spatial linkage between sprawl and demographic transitions was relatively poorly analyzed, and should be more extensively investigated in relation with population dynamics and socioeconomic structures at local scale. By reviewing pertinent literature, this study outlines how space exerts a non-neutral impact on population age structures in Europe, shaping housing needs and influencing settlement patterns and processes of urban transformation. While suburban locations have concentrated younger families and larger households in Northern and Western Europe, the socio-demographic composition of new settlements is increasingly dominated by older inhabitants in the Mediterranean region. Results of this work suggest how discontinuous urban expansion was specifically associated with an elder, wealthy population with high standard of living and a preference for specific housing locations such as detached villas with gardens and swimming pools.

scholarly journals Toward a New Urban Cycle? A Closer Look to Sprawl, Demographic Transitions and the Environment in Europe

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Daniela Smiraglia ◽  
Luca Salvati ◽  
Gianluca Egidi ◽  
Rosanna Salvia ◽  
Antonio Giménez-Morera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
European Regions ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Demographic Transitions ◽  
Demographic Dynamics ◽  
Ecological Vulnerability ◽  
Urban Cycle

Urban growth is a largely debated issue in social science. Specific forms of metropolitan expansion—including sprawl—involve multiple and fascinating research dimensions, making mixed (quali-quantitative) analysis of this phenomenon particularly complex and challenging at the same time. Urban sprawl has attracting the attention of multidisciplinary studies defining nature, dynamics, and consequences that dispersed low-density settlements are having on biophysical and socioeconomic contexts worldwide. The present commentary provides a brief overview on nature and implications of the latent relationship between sprawl, demographic dynamics, and background socio-environmental contexts with special focus on Europe. Empirical evidence supports the idea that spatial planning should cope more effectively with the increasing environmental and socioeconomic exposure of European regions to sprawl and demographic transitions, being progressively far away from a traditional urban cycle with sequential waves of urbanization, suburbanization, counter-urbanization, and re-urbanization. Growing socio-ecological vulnerability of metropolitan regions was evaluated based on a literature review demonstrating how a better comprehension of the intimate linkage between long-term demographic dynamics and urban cycles is necessary to inform fine-tuned policies controlling sprawl and promoting a sustainable management of peri-urban land.

Monitoring long-term annual urban expansion (1986–2017) in the largest archipelago of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 776 ◽  
pp. 146015
Author(s):  
Wenting Cao ◽  
Yuyu Zhou ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Xuecao Li ◽  
Huaguo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Expansion

The J. C. Richardson Lecture: Prospects for Canadian Medical Neurology

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.W. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Undergraduate Curriculum ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Work Patterns ◽  
Consultation Service ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fundamental Research

In 1975, medical neurology is a well established, viable, growing specialty in Canada. There are now almost 250 neurologists scattered across the country, congregated largely in the hospitals associated with our 16 medical schools. Neurology is a major component of the undergraduate curriculum in each of these schools, and the majority of schools are approved for postgraduate training in our specialty. The Royal College has certified an average of 18 new neurologists each year for the past five years. In our hospitals we work closely with our internist and neurosurgical colleagues and we receive the support of highly competent teams of neuropathologists, clinical electrophysiologists and neuroradiologists. We believe that we provide a generally high standard of consultation service to our medical and surgical colleagues. We accept direct responsibility for patients suffering from a host of acute neurological problems, but we accept long term responsibility for very few. We do a great deal of teaching at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. In fact, the major role which neurology plays in undergraduate curricula, and the stimulus of postgraduate education, probably have been the two most influential factors shaping the number, work patterns and distribution of Canadian neurologists. Many of us are engaged in clinical investigation, but relatively few medical neurologists in Canada make fundamental research contributions.

scholarly journals Long‐term variability and trends in meteorological droughts in Western Europe (1851–2018)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio M. Vicente‐Serrano ◽  
Fernando Domínguez‐Castro ◽  
Conor Murphy ◽  
Jamie Hannaford ◽  
Fergus Reig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Meteorological Droughts

Future Costs of Long-term Care in Japan and Sweden

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mårten Lagergren ◽  
Noriko Kurube ◽  
Yasuhiko Saito
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Term Care ◽  
And Gender

Population aging is expected to increase long-term care (LTC) costs in both Japan and Sweden. This study projected LTC costs for 2010 through 2040 for different assumptions of population change, LTC need by age group and gender, and LTC provided per level of need and cost in Japan and Sweden. Population data were taken from the official national forecasts. Needs projections were based on epidemiological data from the Nihon University Japanese Longitudinal Study of Aging and the Swedish Survey of Living Conditions. Data on LTC provision by need and cost were taken from nine Japanese municipalities collected by assessments in the LTC insurance system and from surveys in eight Swedish municipalities. Total initial costs were calibrated to official national figures. Two projections based on two different scenarios were made for each country from 2010 to 2040. The first scenario assumed a constant level of need for LTC by age group and gender, and the other assumed a continuation of the present LTC need trends until 2025. For Japan, this resulted in a projected cost increase of 93% for the one and 80% for the other; for Sweden it was 52% and 24%, respectively. The results reflected differences in population aging and health development.

Transformations of Identity and Society in Anglo-Saxon Essex

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Mirrington
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Cultural Affiliation ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
North Western

Transformations of Identity and Society in Anglo-Saxon Essex: A Case Study of an Early Medieval North Atlantic Community presents the results of a comprehensive archaeological study of early medieval Essex (c.AD 400-1066). This region provides an important case study for examining coastal societies of north-western Europe. Drawing on a wealth of new data, the author demonstrates the profound influence of maritime contacts on changing expressions of cultural affiliation. It is argued that this Continental orientation reflects Essex’s longterm engagement with the emergent, dynamic North Sea network. The wide chronological focus and inclusive dataset enables long-term socio-economic continuity and transformation to be revealed. These include major new insights into the construction of group identity in Essex between the 5th and 11th centuries and the identification of several previously unknown sites of exchange. The presentation also includes the first full archaeological study of Essex under ‘Viking’ rule.

Factors and Prospects for Overcoming the Socio-Demographic Crisis in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Boris N. Kuzyk ◽  
◽  
Valentina G. Dobrokhleb ◽  
Tatiana Y. Yakovets ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Social Doctrine ◽  
Demographic Dynamics ◽  
The World ◽  
Socio Economic Development

Demographic crisis remains one of the main challenges to socio-economic development of Russia. The COVID–19 pandemic has aggravated preconditions for a possible recovery from depopulation. The present article substantiates the need to develop and approve the RF social doctrine upon completion of national projects in 2018–2024. The authors suggest their own approach to overcoming the socio-demographic crisis with regard to the long-term demographic dynamics in Russia. Various scenarios of the “post-coronavirus” future of both specific countries and the world as a whole are proposed.

scholarly journals Urban Growth and Demographic Dynamics in Southern Europe: Toward a New Statistical Approach to Regional Science

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariateresa Ciommi ◽  
Francesco Chelli ◽  
Margherita Carlucci ◽  
Luca Salvati
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Demographic Dynamics ◽  
Steep Decline ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Linear Regression Modeling

Metropolitan growth in Europe has resulted in drastic changes of urban forms, socio-spatial structures and land-use patterns due to sequential processes of urbanization, suburbanization and re-urbanization. To assess latent shifts from mono-centric models towards more disarticulated and decentralized settlement configurations, the present study evaluates spatio-temporal patterns of growth between the 1920s and the 2010s in three Mediterranean cities with different structure and functions (Barcelona: compact and moderately polycentric; Rome: dispersed, medium-density; Athens: mono-centric, hyper-compact). To identify and characterize long-term urban transformations, an original approach was illustrated in this study, based on a multivariate analysis of 13 indicators resulting from descriptive statistics and linear regression modeling the relationship between population density and distance from inner cities. The empirical results of this study indicate that Barcelona, Rome and Athens have experienced different urbanization cycles, characterized by a (more or less) concentrated distribution of population along urban gradients. Despite similarities in demographic dynamics and planning practices, these processes have determined (i) a mostly centralized growth in Barcelona, (ii) a relatively dispersed and discontinuous spatial structure in Rome, and (iii) a steep decline of population density with the distance from downtown Athens. Compact urban expansion, population decline and urban de-concentration were finally assessed using the analytical approach proposed in this study.

scholarly journals Fiscal Sustainability in Aging Societies: Evidence from Euro Area Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10276
Author(s):  
María del Carmen Ramos-Herrera ◽  
Simón Sosvilla-Rivero
Keyword(s):  
Euro Area ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Fiscal Sustainability ◽  
Sharp Rise ◽  
Discretionary Fiscal Policy ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Sustainability Controlling ◽  
Aging Societies

Fiscal sustainability remains a paramount challenge in the Euro Area (EA) countries after the sharp rise in public debt-to-GDP ratios in the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2008. Using data from 11 EA countries over the period 1980–2019, we apply panel data techniques to examine the effects of population aging on fiscal sustainability, controlling for key macroeconomic variables. Our results suggest that the discretionary fiscal policy is strongly persistent, not being consistent with long-term fiscal solvency. Moreover, our results indicate that the fiscal stance is countercyclical for the countries under study and that population aging poses a major challenge for fiscal sustainability. The findings are robust to a different grouping of countries within the sample (core and peripheral countries, relatively old and young countries, and relatively more and less indebted countries). We consider that our results may have some practical meaning for national policymakers and international organizations responsible for regional and global fiscal surveillance and might shed some light on the possible effects that population aging could have on the effort of EA countries to restore public finances on a sustainable basis.

scholarly journals High frequency Barium profiles in shells of the Great Scallop <i>Pecten maximus</i>: a methodical long-term and multi-site survey in Western Europe

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 3665-3698 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Barats ◽  
D. Amouroux ◽  
L. Chauvaud ◽  
C. Pécheyran ◽  
A. Lorrain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Pecten Maximus ◽  
Coastal Environments ◽  
Great Scallop ◽  
Site Survey ◽  
Scallop Shells ◽  
Bay Of Brest ◽  
Long Term Survey

Abstract. Skeletal barium/calcium ([Ba]/[Ca])shell ratios were measured every third daily striae in 39 flat valves of the Great Scallop Pecten maximus (2-year old; 3 shells/year) collected in temperate coastal environments of Western Europe. Variations of ([Ba]/[Ca])shell ratio were first demonstrated reproducible for several scallop individuals from the same population, over a 7-year period (1998–2004), and from different coastal environments in France (42–49° N). As in previous studies, ([Ba]/[Ca])shell profiles exhibited a background ratio punctuated by transient maxima occurring in summer. Background partition coefficient (DBa=0.11±0.03, in 2000) was similar to that previously reported in P. maximus shells (DBa=0.18), suggesting a direct shell uptake of dissolved seawater Ba (Gillikin et al., 2008). Special attention was then dedicated to the complete monitoring of high resolution ([Ba]/[Ca])shell profiles in bivalve shells (7 years, Bay of Brest) to better constrain environmental processes influencing both the occurrence and the amplitude of summer peaks. In 2000, seawater Ba analyses underlined significant particulate Ba inputs at the seawater interface (SWI) during ([Ba]/[Ca])shell peak events. These Ba inputs are suggested to be subsequent to and rather induced by a pelagic biogenic process. The long term survey revealed first that archived Ba within the shell cannot be used as a direct paleo productivity tracer, and second that complex pelagic/benthic processes in the Ba cycle are responsible of particulate Ba inputs to the SWI, subsequently taken up by the bivalve and recorded as higher ([Ba]/[Ca])shell ratios. When these processes will be better constrained, high frequency observations of Ba in scallop shells would provide new insights into filter feeding dynamics and into Ba biogeochemistry in coastal environments.

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