scholarly journals Assessing the Potential of Improving Livelihoods and Creating Sustainable Socio-Economic Circumstances for Rural Communities in Upper Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6307
Author(s):  
Osama Ahmed ◽  
Walid Sallam
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Upper Egypt ◽  
Market Intelligence

Agriculture in Upper Egypt is characterized by unsustainable farming practices and a lack of the use of market intelligence. Improving agriculture in Upper Egypt is necessary, as farmers in this region need to meet the quality standards required by international markets if they are to increase export volumes. For this reason, agricultural interventions are required to transition from the current traditional farming systems and marketing practices to sustainable conservation farming practices and the use of market intelligence and logistics. The main aim of this research study is to assess the potential for improving the livelihoods of rural communities by conducting a cost–benefit analysis (CBA) and conducting a risk analysis using the Monte Carlo simulation method for the proposed agricultural interventions. Our results imply that the analyzed interventions are viable from both a financial and socio-economic point of view. The impacts of the interventions reveal real incremental employment opportunities at the farming level. In addition, the interventions have a very low probability of negative returns and become almost zero when we add the economic benefit to society.

scholarly journals Cost–benefit analysis of tetanus prophylaxis by a mathematical model

1989 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Carducci ◽  
C.M. Avio ◽  
M. Bendinelli
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
Tetanus Vaccination

SUMMARYA mathematical model has been developed which allows estimation of the epidemiological and economic effects of different tetanus vaccination strategies. The model was used to simulate the epidemiology of tetanus in italy from 1955 to 1982, and then applied to a district of Tuscany by utilizing data obtained from a seroepidemiological survey carried out in the same area. For this district we simulated vaccination programmes designed to reach, within 1 or 10 years, coverages of 60 or 90% of the population aged over 10 years who had not been exposed to the neonatal vaccination programme. The most effective strategy, from both the epidemiological and economic point of view, seems to be 90% coverage reached in 1 year's time. Benefits would be increased by improving the reliability of vaccinal anamnesis.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC STUDY OF GREEN ROOFS AS A SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia G. Borràs ◽  
◽  
Carlos Lerma ◽  
Ángeles Mas ◽  
Jose Vercher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Global Dimension ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Social Environmental

Green roofs respond to a need of today’s society to orient its development towards sustainability. Architecture and urban planning, as builders of the modern city, play a crucial role in the search for a balance between social, environmental and economic growth. Green roofs imply recognized benefits in all three fields, but a study of the economic viability of these solutions is necessary, especially in the field of rehabilitation with tighter budgets. Through a cost-benefit analysis throughout its useful life, it is intended to avoid that the initial construction cost of a green roof, or any sustainable construction, could discourage users, helping them to understand its global dimension from an economic point of view.

Public Investment Criteria: Benefit-Cost Analysis for Planned Economic Growth by Stephen A. Marglin. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1967. pp.103. 22s. 6d.********** Investments for Capacity Expansion: Size, Location and Time-Phasing edited by Alan S. Manne. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1967. pp.239. 45s.Investments for Capacity Expansion: Size, Location and Time-Phasing edited by Alan S. Manne. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1967. pp.239. 45s.

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-420
Author(s):  
Arthur MacEwan
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Capacity Expansion ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Many ◽  
Benefit Cost

These books are numbers 4 and 5, respectively, in the series "Studies in the Economic Development of India". The two books are interesting complements to one another, both being concerned with the analysis of projects within national plan formulation. However, they treat different sorts of problems and do so on very different levels. Marglin's Public Investment Criteria is a short treatise on the problems of cost-benefit analysis in an Indian type economy, i.e., a mixed economy in which the government accepts a large planning responsibility. The book, which is wholely theoretical, explains the many criteria needed for evaluation of projects. The work is aimed at beginning students and government officials with some training in economics. It is a clear and interesting "introduction to the special branch of economics that concerns itself with systematic analysis of investment alternatives from the point of view of a government".

Support programmes and the diversity of young farmers in Thailand: A good match?

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kassirin Phiboon ◽  
Cécile Cochetel ◽  
Nicolas Faysse
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Good Match ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Building Activities ◽  
Support Programmes

Many countries have programmes to help young people start farming. However, some of the programmes have been criticized for not providing enough support, particularly because they do not adequately account for the diverse profiles of young farmers. The present study analyses the profiles of young farmers in Thailand and to what extent they benefit from support programmes. Eighty-four farmers under the age of 40 were interviewed in Chiang Mai and Prachinburi Provinces, along with 15 staff members of support programmes for young farmers. Five types of young farmers were identified, who differed in their motivation, farming systems and engagement in farming. Some farmers focused on economic profitability, while others considered environmentally sustainable farming practices to be important or were actively engaged in other activities at domestic or village level. This wide range of goals and situations entailed varying constraints during the first years of farming. The support programmes helped farmers overcome their lack of farming knowledge and helped them integrate into rural communities, but the support they provided in accessing land and capital was sometimes limited, and often non-existent. To improve support for young farmers in Thailand, the diversity of young farmers’ profiles should be accounted for not only in capacity-building activities but also to help them access other types of resources.

scholarly journals Yield and economics of potato in short duration rice-based cropping system in Rangpur district

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-178
Author(s):  
Mrinmoy Guha Neogi ◽  
Abul Khair ◽  
A.K.M. Salah Uddin ◽  
M. Mamunur Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
The Cost

The potato crop is sensitive to environmental factors as optimum planting time of potato depends on the most favorable temperatures extending over the longest period of the crop season and requires less than maximum and above the minimum temperatures for emergence after planting. To secure good yield, the potato crop should be planted in such a time that all the three growth and development phases pass through favorable environmental conditions. Cognizant the above facts, a field experiment was conducted at RDRS Farm, Rangpur during 2014 and 2015 for cultivating potato in different dates with two popular potato varieties like Diamont and Cardinal to find out the optimum planting time of potato production in Bangladesh under short duration rice-based cropping system as well as assess the economic viability of potato cultivation in November. The cost-benefit analysis indicates that no major variation was observed in the performance of two varieties e.g. Diamont and Cardinal. But significant variation was observed in different planting dates. The 22nd November planting of both Diamont and Cardinal produced highest yield (29.2 and 28.8 t/ha1 respectively) compared to other three planting dates like 7th November (27.8 t/ha and 26.9 t/ha), 7th December (21.1 t/ha and 19.8 t/ha) and 22nd December (15.2 t/ha and 14.7 t/ha). The 7th November planting was found economically profitable for both the varieties, where the highest economic return was recorded as TK. 2,06,372/ha for Diamont and TK. 2,08,772/ha for Cardinal. Thus, from the economic point of view, the 7th November planting performed best for both varieties. The cost of production was gradually higher in case of late planting due to use of higher amount of pesticides in the crop field. It may be concluded that potato could be cultivated during 1st half of November month, just after harvesting of short duration aman rice in October that will bring harvesting of potato in 1st half of February which can ensure highest net income from potato cultivation and enables farmers to cultivate next crop like mungbean as additional income. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 17(2): 172–178, June 2019

How successful have the lockdowns been in controlling the (COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2) pandemic — A simulation-based analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 2041002
Author(s):  
Anup Kumar ◽  
Niraj Kr. Viswakarma ◽  
Amit Adlakha ◽  
Kampan Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Dynamics Modeling ◽  
Epidemic Size ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Disease Epidemics

The total number of infections (epidemic size), and the time needed for the infection to die out (epidemic duration), represent two of the main indicators for the measuring gravity of infectious disease epidemics in humans. A few attempts have been made to address the problem of controlling both the epidemic size and duration simultaneously from a theoretical point of view, by primarily using the Optimal control theory. In this study, a multi-objective optimal control problem has been simulated to gauge the success of the lockdowns in India. To accomplish this objective, a system dynamics modeling was used to simulate the Susceptible–Infected–Quarantined–Removed epidemic model. A set of sensitivity experiments for different scenarios allows illustrating the model’s behavior and its value for decision-makers regarding the lockdown intensity. The simulation of the model presents various scenarios, wherein the cost–benefit analysis of lockdown was done. Notably, the lockdown success intensity was defined, post which, the findings indicate that the states of Uttar Pradesh, Kerala, Panjab, Jammu, Kashmir, Haryana, and Bihar have achieved more than 90% lockdown success intensity. Further, it was observed that these states could effectively implement lockdowns by strictly enforcing social distancing measures during the early stages of the virus spread, which in turn resulted in the high success rate of lockdowns.

scholarly journals The effects of indoor and outdoor air pollutants on workers’ productivity in office building

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 02057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Becchio ◽  
Marta Carla Bottero ◽  
Stefano Paolo Corgnati ◽  
Federico Dell’Anna ◽  
Valentina Fabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Indoor Sources ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Absence From Work ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

In the present-day society, people spend about 80% of their time inside buildings, and specifically 30-40% in workplaces. From this evidence, the indoor environmental quality needs to be investigated, and in particular, the possible sources of indoor-outdoor pollutants and their impact on the human health, comfort and productivity. First, through an examination of the indoor sources of pollution, the research analysed the main substances that affect indoor air quality in an office. Second, the pollution of external origin and its effects on the performance of employees were taken into consideration. Two scenarios were designed for a Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning (HVAC) system in an office building; one by the installation of a biocidal filter and the other by a traditional one. Two methods were applied to evaluate and compare those scenarios; the Cost Benefit Analysis and the Monte Carlo Simulation. From a financial point of view, the investment and management costs of the filters were considered. Instead, the annual benefits included increasing productivity and reducing days of absence from work due to illness. The results confirmed the energy and socio-economic efficiency of the antibacterial filter; it can be considered a solution to achieve the best income.

scholarly journals Cost–benefit analysis of pumped hydro storage using improved probabilistic production simulation method

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (13) ◽  
pp. 2146-2151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baorong Zhou ◽  
Shuhua Liu ◽  
Siyu Lu ◽  
Xiaoyu Cao ◽  
Wenmeng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Benefit Analysis
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