scholarly journals Change Factors and the Adaptability of Buildings

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6585
Author(s):  
John M. Kamara ◽  
Oliver Heidrich ◽  
Vincenza E. Tafaro ◽  
Sebastiano Maltese ◽  
Mario C. Dejaco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Change Factors ◽  
Building Systems ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Building Factors ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Or Organization

The adaptability of buildings addresses the responses of buildings to the changing needs of owners/users and the demands of external factors, over their lifecycle. An understanding of these changes is therefore key to the creation of adaptable buildings. This paper reports research which was aimed at modelling building changes to better understand the challenges for their adaptability. An in-depth study of the changes in selected case studies was conducted to understand the nature, characteristics, and implications of these changes for buildings and their ability to adapt. The findings from these case studies were analyzed against theoretical models reported in the literature on change and adaptability. As a result, a model was developed that identified and categorized a wide spectrum of changes to the building fabric within the broad remit of adaptability that are triggered by many factors, which are sometimes external to the building or organization. In the cases investigated, it was found that the factors that lead to actual changes to buildings were not necessarily due to the ease of making those changes, but rather the organizational will and means to make the changes. Similarly, changes were made not because the building systems were obsolete, but because of non-building factors. The timings of changes therefore did not correspond to the assumed lifespan models of different building layers, suggesting that a new way of predicting and/or categorizing building changes is needed. Furthermore, the interrelationships and nature of the triggers for change suggest that the adaptability of buildings is not just about building systems, but also about non-building factors. Thus, the further exploration of non-building triggers and enablers for change using the developed model presented here, will further enhance the creation of more adaptable buildings.

scholarly journals MULTI-LEVEL MARKETING. FEATURES AND CONTROVERSY

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Justyna Kaźmierczak ◽  
Artur Łabuz
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Hybrid Method ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Traditional Marketing

Multi-Level Marketing is a kind of novelty in the business reality. The greatest popularity gained in Western countries, where it functions as a kind of hybrid method in distribution of the goods with the design of the sales network. It is one of the most secure business models. In Poland the awareness of this type of activity is still small and remains a wide spectrum of scientific research. This situation has led to the creation of this article. The aim of the publication is to highlight the problems of Multi-Level Marketing, an indication of the essence of this phenomenon, and show how far is different than traditional marketing. The article presents the system of functioning of this kind of business, how it works a system of charging commissions and indicated a practical example of this system. Considerations based on literature studies and case studies.

scholarly journals Algorithmic Integration and Precarious (Dis)Obedience: On the Co-Constitution of Migration Regime and Workplace Regime in Digitalised Manufacturing and Logistics

2021 ◽  
pp. 095001702110314
Author(s):  
Simon Schaupp
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Manual Work ◽  
Work Control ◽  
Permanent Residence ◽  
Labour Process ◽  
Self Organisation ◽  
And Migration

This article analyses the interaction of the algorithmic workplace regime and the migration regime in manual work in platform logistics and manufacturing in Germany. Based on ethnographic case studies, the article reconstructs how companies integrate migrant workers by using systems of algorithmic work control. These simplify the labour process and direct workers without relying on a certain language. Algorithmic work control, however, does not realise its intended disciplining effects on its own but is dependent on external factors. A precarious residence status is such an external disciplining factor as it can create an implicit alliance of migrant workers with their employers in the hope for permanent residence. Nonetheless, the interaction of the two regimes also produced new forms of solidarity between the workers, which in some cases led to new forms of self-organisation. Thus, workplace regime and migration regime co-constitute each other.

scholarly journals Analysis of the policymaking process in Burkina Faso’s health sector: case studies of the creation of two health system support units

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Zida ◽  
John N. Lavis ◽  
Nelson K. Sewankambo ◽  
Bocar Kouyate ◽  
Kaelan Moat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
System Support ◽  
The Creation

scholarly journals Residential Construction Sustainability in the UK and Prospects of Knowledge Transfer to Kazakhstan

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serik Tokbolat ◽  
Rajnish Kaur Calay
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Asian Country ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Simulation Research ◽  
Housing Projects ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Sustainable Housing ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Uk

<p>This paper aimed to investigate the up-to-date levels of sustainability in the UK construction with special interest to sustainable housing. It also aims to examine the justification behind construction and housing sustainability, and to look at the practicality of transferring current expertise within the UK as well as to an emerging Central Asian country such as Kazakhstan. A synergy of case studies, survey and numerical simulation research methodologies were applied to undertake a wide-spectrum analysis of the topic. Regardless of difficulties related to applying sustainable practices the considered housing developments are found to be satisfactory in terms of environmental and socio-economic effects. Technical evaluation of the case studies compared to standard housing parameters has shown encouraging outcomes and confirmed the claimed energy and water efficiency. Findings of the survey indicated that construction companies of the UK and Kazakhstan are at different stages of application of sustainability measures. It was also established that companies and public are mainly optimistic about sustainability if suitable economical and legal conditions are ensured. Finally, numerical simulations have shown that selected sustainability measures made the studied housing projects competitive on the sustainability market. </p>

scholarly journals European Crime Cinema and the Auteur

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Stefano Baschiera
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Art Cinema ◽  
Historical Contextualization ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Mode Of Production

This article will offer an overview of the ever-changing relationship between the crime genre – understood as a global, transnational phenomenon – and European art cinema, with its national specificities. After a historical contextualization, this contribution focuses on the mode of production and circulation of contemporary European crime cinema by looking at two case studies of the contemporary national productions of Spain and Northern Ireland. The goal is to grasp the shifts occurring in this relationship, so understanding both the role played by the ‘auteur’ label in the distribution, commercialization, and appreciation of European crime cinema and how easily-marketable crime storylines promote the creation of new modes of authorship.

Disorders of Musical Cognition

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Stewart ◽  
Katharina von Kriegstein ◽  
Simone Dalla Bella ◽  
Jason D. Warren ◽  
Timothy D. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Cognitive Architecture ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Musical Cognition ◽  
Musical Listening

This article presents an overview of case studies of acquired disorders of musical listening. Like any cognitive faculty, music is multifaceted, and the identification of the neural basis of any complex faculty must proceed, hand in hand, with an elucidation of its cognitive architecture. The past decade has seen an evolution in the theoretical models of musical processing, allowing the development of theoretically motivated instruments for the systematic evaluation of musical disorders. Such developments have allowed reports of musical disorders to evolve from historical anecdotes to systematic, verifiable accounts that can play a critical role in contributing to our understanding of the cognitive neuroscience of music.

scholarly journals Botanikus kertek kialakulása, tervezése, építése, és használatuk a gyógyításban

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 420-464
Author(s):  
Laura Sipos
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Creation

The main purpose of this study is to demonstrate the past way of gardens’ development throughout the men’s history. The onset was the creation of the first gardens, later on, their evolution related to their type and purpose, finally there are concerns about the external factors that instigated the flourishing of horticulture. Monastic medicine is one of the key issues thus this study contains a dedicated chapter about this topic since it is really important how the medical use of herbs evolved throughout the past times. There is also presented the botanical garden⁠—one of the main garden types⁠—using the specific example of this country’s greatest Füvészkert (Herbal Garden) in Hungary. Since ever, there was fiercely debated the therapeutic classification of herbal medicines, if their safety and efficacy were proven, and whether there were needed legislation about their administration. A specific chapter is concerning these issues too. There are also presented outcomes of online questionnaire-based research answered by 700 responders.

scholarly journals Romanticizing the Land: Agriculturally Imagined Communities in Palestine-Israel

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-37
Author(s):  
Jennifer Shutek
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Imagined Communities ◽  
Popular Front ◽  
Land Claims ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Propaganda Posters

This paper argues that images, and specifically agricultural images, play a significant role in the imaginings of the Israeli and Palestinian communities. Agriculture has symbolic and material value among Palestinians and Israelis, and contributes to identities and land claims made by Zionist and Palestinian organizations. Anderson’s discussion of nation building emphasizes the primacy of print in the imagination of a community; this paper highlights non-textual elements of nation building via case studies of the creation and dissemination of propaganda posters by the Jewish National Fund and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. A survey of propagandistic agricultural images reveals the shared symbols used by Palestinians and Israelis in forging identities and exclusive claims to land. Despite being common symbols from a shared past, agricultural images are crucial in creating and perpetuating a divide between Israelis and Palestinians, and in arguing for organic links between each group and the land of Palestine-Israel.

Force Evaluation of Tendon Routing for Underactuated Grasping

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Angus B. Clark ◽  
Lois Liow ◽  
Nicolas Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Adaptive Behaviour ◽  
Joint Torques ◽  
Contact Points ◽  
Single Finger ◽  
Modelling Analysis ◽  
Force Vectors

Abstract While the modelling analysis of the kinetostatic behaviour of underactuated tendon-driven robotic fingers has been largely addressed in the literature, tendon routing is often not considered by these theoretical models. Tendon routing path plays a fundamental role in defining joint torques, and subsequently the force vectors produced by the phalanxes. However, dynamic tendon behaviour is difficult to predict and is influenced by many external factors including tendon friction, the shape of the grasped object, the initial pose of the fingers, and finger contact points. In this paper, we present an experimental comparison of the force performance of nine fingers, with different tendon routing configurations. We use the concept of force-isotropy, in which forces are equal and distributed on each phalanx as the optimum condition for an adaptive grasp. Our results show only some of the finger designs surveyed exhibited a partial adaptive behaviour, showing distributed force for the proximal and distal phalanxes throughout grasping cycles, while other routings resulted in only a single finger remaining in contact with the object.

Academic Reputation, or Voluntary Epistemic Servitude

Reputation ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 216-240
Author(s):  
Gloria Origgi
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Economic Interest ◽  
Academic Reputation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The University ◽  
As If ◽  
The Way

This chapter presents case studies of the way reputations are built at the university. If there is an institution that feeds on reputation, it is the academy. Prestige, notoriety, standing, and reputation reign supreme within its halls. Professors and scholars are not only more motivated by symbolic rewards than by economic interest. They also spend a great deal of time designing institutions whose primary purpose is the creation, maintenance, and evaluation of each other's reputation and eminence. Such rankings are sometimes even treated as if they were the most dependable hallmarks of the truth itself. The chapter shows how the very idea of an academic reputation changed radically after new systems for calibrating reputations came into their own.

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