scholarly journals A Holistic Approach for Energy Renovation of the Town Hall Building in a Typical Small City of Southern Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7699
Author(s):  
Margarita-Niki Assimakopoulos ◽  
Dimitra Papadaki ◽  
Francesco Tariello ◽  
Giuseppe Peter Vanoli
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Photovoltaic Plant

The reduction of buildings energy demand represents one of the main goals in developed countries in order to achieve a sustainable future. In Italy a significant number of public administration offices are located in historical buildings, especially in small provincial towns. In this paper the analysis of the energy and environmental effects deriving from the plant renovation of the Palazzo San Giorgio, the building offices of the municipality of Campobasso (Southern Italy), is carried out. The simulation model of the building-plant system has been implemented with the TRNSYS software using data collected in the survey campaign. It has been calibrated on the basis of the billed electricity and gas consumption and then, further used to evaluate the reduction of the building primary energy demands and CO2 emissions deriving from some non-invasive energy refurbishment measures: led lighting, thermostatic valves, cogeneration system and photovoltaic plant. The latter was considered in two variants: the first one provides a system completely integrated into the roof, the second one high efficiency non-integrated panels. The interventions have been evaluated both individually and combined. A primary energy saving of about 47% and a reduction in CO2 emissions of 73% are obtained with the best combined renovation action.

Energy Consumption and Technical Potential of Energy Saving in a Hospital

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Public Network ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Cogeneration System

This paper describes a study starting from an analysis of typical energy demand profiles in a hospital setting followed by the feasibility study of a cogeneration system (CGS). The concept is a future autonomous system for the combined generation of electrical, heating and cooling energy in the hospital. The driving cogeneration units are two high-efficiency gas engines; this is used to produce the electrical and heat energy. Gas engine is used as a driving unit because of high needs for electrical and heating energy. The natural gas-fuelled reciprocating engine is used to generate 735kW of power. In our case electrical energy will be used only in the Hospital. A deficit in electricity can be also purchased from the public network. The generated steam will be used to drive three steam-fired absorption chillers and delivered to individual consumers of heat. This system is capable of doing simultaneous heating and cooling. No obstacles were recognized for the technical feasibility of CGS. The average ratio between electric and thermal load in the Hospital is suitable to make CGS system operate. A feasibility analysis performed for a non-optimized CGS system predicted a large potential for primary energy saving.

scholarly journals A GIS-Based Planning Approach for Urban Power and Natural Gas Distribution Grids with Different Heat Pump Scenarios

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolando M. Kisse ◽  
Martin Braun ◽  
Simon Letzgus ◽  
Tanja M. Kneiske
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Public Data

Next to building insulation, heat pumps driven by electrical compressors (eHPs) or by gas engines (geHPs) can be used to reduce primary energy demand for heating. They come with different investment requirements, operating costs and emissions caused. In addition, they affect both the power and gas grids, which necessitates the assessment of both infrastructures regarding grid expansion planning. To calculate costs and CO2 emissions, 2000 electrical load profiles and 180 different heat demand profiles for single-family homes were simulated and heat pump models were applied. In a case study for a neighborhood energy model, the load profiles were assigned to buildings in an example town using public data on locations, building age and energetic refurbishment variants. In addition, the town’s gas distribution network and low voltage grid were modeled. Power and gas flows were simulated and costs for required grid extensions were calculated for 11% and 16% heat pump penetration. It was found that eHPs have the highest energy costs but will also have the lowest CO2 emissions by 2030 and 2050. For the investigated case, power grid investments of 11,800 euros/year are relatively low compared to gas grid connection costs of 70,400 euros/year. If eHPs and geHPs are combined, a slight reduction of overall costs is possible, but emissions would rise strongly compared to the all-electric case.

Multicriteria Synthesis of Trigeneration Systems Assisted With Renewable Energy Sources and Thermal Energy Storage

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo A. Pina ◽  
Miguel A. Lozano ◽  
Luis M. Serra
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Total Annual Cost ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Conflicting Objectives

The increasing world energy demand as a result of society development brings forth a growing environmental concern. The use of high-efficiency alternative systems is becoming progressively more interesting due to economic reasons and regional incentives. The issue of finding the best configuration that minimizes total annual cost is not enough anymore, as the environmental concern has become one of the objectives in the synthesis of energy systems. The minimization of costs is often contradictory to the minimization of environmental impact. Multi-objective optimization tackles the conflicting objectives issue by providing a set of trade-off solutions, or Pareto solutions, that can be examined by the decision maker in order to choose the best configuration for the given scenario. The present work proposes a mixed integer linear programming model for the synthesis of a trigeneration system that must attend the electricity, heat, and cooling demands of a multifamily building complex in Zaragoza, Spain. The objective functions to be minimized are the overall annual costs and the overall annual CO2 emissions, considering investment, maintenance and operation costs. As a first approach, the single-objective configurations for each objective function are evaluated. Then, the Pareto frontier is obtained for the minimization of total annual costs and total annual CO2 emissions, allowing to obtain the best trade-off configuration, which brings results close to the optimal single objectives. It is worth mentioning that the treatment of the energy prices was simplified in order to keep on the same level of detail as energy CO2 emissions, which are given only on an annual basis. On the other hand, the optimization model developed can be further complicated in order to consider more complex situations.

Environment Protection and Energy Saving in Public Private Partnerships Governance in the Distributed Energy Generation

2014 ◽  
Vol 508 ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dao Jiu Hu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Distributed Energy Generation

Ecological and environmental governance is vital to global sustainability. The role of energy saving in achieving CO2 emissions reductions is known to be important for environment protection . PPPs governance in DEG can be considered key to driving down traditional energy demand and hence CO2 emissions in the coming sustainable economy. Over the coming decade, Centralized Energy Generation (CEG) will decline relative to Distributed Energy Generation (DEG) such as solarphotovolatic, microturbines, fuel cells, combined heat and power and variety of renewable energy. This shift promises to improve power reliability, deliver cleaner power and avoid significant investments in transmission infrastructure. As an integrated hybrid governance system of sustainability, PPPs enjoys high efficiency of governance via collective efforts of multi-agents involved. In order to promote the governance quality of DEG, it is of importance to harness the advantages of integration of PPPs Governance in DEG project. This paper examined PPPs governance in order to improve efficiency of Distributed Energy Generation, it firstly briefly outlines the profile of PPPs, then illustrates the essentials of good PPPs governance in global DEG governance context. Finally, it draws the conclusion that how to ensure the efficiency of PPPs in collective governance of DEG projects.

scholarly journals Novel Use of Green Hydrogen Fuel Cell-Based Combined Heat and Power Systems to Reduce Primary Energy Intake and Greenhouse Emissions in the Building Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1776
Author(s):  
Jordi Renau ◽  
Víctor García ◽  
Luis Domenech ◽  
Pedro Verdejo ◽  
Antonio Real ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Similar Reduction

Achieving European climate neutrality by 2050 requires further efforts not only from the industry and society, but also from policymakers. The use of high-efficiency cogeneration facilities will help to reduce both primary energy consumption and CO2 emissions because of the increase in overall efficiency. Fuel cell-based cogeneration technologies are relevant solutions to these points for small- and microscale units. In this research, an innovative and new fuel cell-based cogeneration plant is studied, and its performance is compared with other cogeneration technologies to evaluate the potential reduction degree in energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Four energy consumption profile datasets have been generated from real consumption data of different dwellings located in the Mediterranean coast of Spain to perform numerical simulations in different energy scenarios according to the fuel used in the cogeneration. Results show that the fuel cell-based cogeneration systems reduce primary energy consumption and CO2 emissions in buildings, to a degree that depends on the heat-to-power ratio of the consumer. Primary energy consumption varies from 40% to 90% of the original primary energy consumption, when hydrogen is produced from natural gas reforming process, and from 5% to 40% of the original primary energy consumption if the cogeneration is fueled with hydrogen obtained from renewable energy sources. Similar reduction degrees are achieved in CO2 emissions.

Energy Performance of SOFC Cogeneration System for Residential Buildings in Chinese Cold Areas

2014 ◽  
Vol 935 ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Xin Zhi Gong ◽  
Yasunori Akashi ◽  
Daisuke Sumiyoshi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Beijing City ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Cogeneration System

Primary energy reduction and energy efficiency improvement are important targets to be achieved in every society and in residential buildings in particular. An energy-efficient and low-emissions solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cogeneration system is a promising electric and thermal energy generation technology for implementation in future residential buildings. This paper aims to analyze the energy performance in terms of primary energy demand and its reduction rate when SOFC cogeneration system is used in residential buildings. This study outlines SOFC cogeneration system and its simulation method, and then develops a standard family model for simulation under cold weather condition in China and selected Beijing city as an example, and finally compares them with traditional power and heat generation system based on gas and electricity. The results show that SOFC cogeneration system is an energy-efficient alternative power and thermal energy cogeneration technology for cold climatic cities such as Beijing, and can offer a large reduction rate (about 15.8% in winter) of primary energy demand in residential buildings. This study also finds that the significant reductions in primary energy demand of SOFC system result for the periods with air temperature decreasing.

scholarly journals Primary energy and CO2 emissions for a district city and a suburb

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Anton Pitonak ◽  
Martin Lopusniak ◽  
Miloslav Bagona
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
The European Union

Abstract In countries of the European Union, the proportion of buildings in the overall energy consumption represents 40% and their proportion in CO2 emissions 35%. Taking into account dependence of the European Union on import of energy, this represents large quantity of energy and CO2 emissions, in spite of the fact that there exist effective solutions for reduction of building energy demand. In Directive 20-20-20, the European Union adopted three main commitments of fulfillment criteria by 2020. On the basis of this directive, the Slovak Republic declares support of renovation of apartment dwelling houses. Taking into account the fact that state subsidy can be obtained only once, and energy requirements of the European Union are increasingly stricter, a comprehensive approach to renovation of buildings is inevitable. At the same time, it is inevitable to propose the renovation of buildings taking into account requirements stated for buildings for year 2020. Two areas were compared within the case study taking into account primary energy and the quantity of CO2 emissions. Both areas have the same built-up area, but one of them is a district city and the second is a suburb. From results it is obvious that the quantity of primary energy is lower by 88% in the district city than in the suburb. The quantity of CO2 emissions is lower by 69% in the district city than in the suburb.

A Case Study of Energy Saving by Cogeneration System in Hospital

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Public Network ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Cogeneration System

This paper describes a study that starts with an analysis of typical energy demand profiles in a hospital setting followed by a case study of a cogeneration system (CGS) under an energy service company (ESCO) project. The CGS idea is of an autonomous system for the combined generation of electrical, heating, and cooling energy in a hospital. The driving units are two high-efficiency gas engines that produce the electrical and heat energy. A gas engine meets the requirement for high electrical and heating energy demands; a natural gas-fuelled reciprocating engine is used to generate 735 kW of power. In our case, the electrical energy will be used only in the hospital. A deficit in electricity can be covered by purchasing power from the public network. Generated steam drives three steam-fired absorption chillers and is delivered to individual heat consumers. This system can provide simultaneous heating and cooling. No technical obstacles were identified for implementing the CGS. The average ratio between electric and thermal loads in the hospital is suitable for CGS system operation. An analysis performed for a non-optimized CGS system predicted a large potential for energy savings.

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