scholarly journals Measurement of Polycentric County-Level Areas in a Rapid Urbanization Region from a Public Service Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8285
Author(s):  
Mingyu Zhang ◽  
Yichen Ruan ◽  
Ge Lou ◽  
Qiuxiao Chen ◽  
Jiayi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
County Level ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Service Perspective

Despite various studies regarding polycentric development at metropolis or even larger spatial scales, there is little systematic analysis regarding the rapid urbanization area at the county-level scale. Therefore, this study explored polycentric development in 52 county-level administrative units in Zhejiang Province, China, from a public service perspective. Based on point-of-interest data, our analysis detected the intra-county urban centers and measured their polycentric characteristics. According to the number, scale, and equilibrium value of intra-county polycentricity, the 52 county-level units were classified into three types using a two-step cluster algorithm method. The empirical results suggest that polycentric characteristics vary in the rapid urbanization area, and the spatial distribution of typological units is characterized by agglomeration. Topographical condition, fixed assets investment, public transportation, and residential consumption ability are highly associated with the classification of polycentric urban areas. The conclusion of this study would help local governments initiate better urban development policies and provide potential research directions for further studies about the relationship of inter-county urban centers.

Design of a cable-stayed footbridge adaptable to various urban areas

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Clerici ◽  
Silvia Mirabella
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Limited Space ◽  
Reduced Mobility

<p>The present paper relates to the design of a cable-stayed footbridge, composed by ready made elements and with span suitable to various urban and building areas. At present, in order to find a solution to traffic problems, local governments look for many ways to alleviate city’s main roads, increasing public transportation and designing dedicated underground pedestrian routes. Although this subways already built are not really used by pedestrians, which prefer wide-open spaces, such as skyways also designed for people with reduced mobility. In this context the described footbridge, with access ramps designed in accordance with accessibility standards, represents not only a good solution for cycle and pedestrian mobility problems, but it is also easy to transport and to be installed, due to its modular elements. The access ramps are suspended to pilons with inclination depending by the required bridge lengths and they can be assembled in different configurations in order to be well integrated also in limited space areas. Finally a particular focus is dedicated to cables, with dismountable end terminations designed to reduce transportation space and costs</p>

scholarly journals Passive Wi-Fi monitoring in the wild: a long-term study across multiple location typologies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ribeiro ◽  
Nuno Nunes ◽  
Valentina Nisi ◽  
Johannes Schöning
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Long Term Study

Abstract In this paper, we present a systematic analysis of large-scale human mobility patterns obtained from a passive Wi-Fi tracking system, deployed across different location typologies. We have deployed a system to cover urban areas served by public transportation systems as well as very isolated and rural areas. Over 4 years, we collected 572 million data points from a total of 82 routers covering an area of 2.8 km2. In this paper we provide a systematic analysis of the data and discuss how our low-cost approach can be used to help communities and policymakers to make decisions to improve people’s mobility at high temporal and spatial resolution by inferring presence characteristics against several sources of ground truth. Also, we present an automatic classification technique that can identify location types based on collected data.

scholarly journals Study on Population Distribution Pattern at the County Level of China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minmin Li ◽  
Biao He ◽  
Renzhong Guo ◽  
You Li ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
National Level ◽  
County Level ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Structure Of Population ◽  
Distribution Structure

With the accelerating urbanization process, the population increasingly concentrates in urban areas. In view of the huge population in China and a series of problems in the process of rapid urbanization, there are no unified measures for characterizing the population pattern. This study explores the distribution pattern of the Chinese population and proposes a spatial distribution structure of population using GIS (Geographic Information System) analysis. The main findings are as follows: (1) In 2015, the distribution of population density in China presents a pattern of high in the southeast and low in the northwest based on the county-level administrative regions. The population main lives in the southeast of China based on the “Hu Huanyong Line”. (2) There is a great difference of the spatial correlation between land area, population and GDP (Gross Domestic Product) in China. The economic concentration in China is higher than the population concentration. In the areas where population and GDP are aggregated, per capita GDP is higher. (3) Based on the areas with highly aggregated population and GDP, the spatial distribution structure of population of “1 + 4 + 11” for China’s urbanization is put forward, namely, one national-level aggregated area of population and GDP, 4 regional-level aggregated areas of population and GDP, and 11 local regionally aggregated areas of population and GDP. This spatial structure represents an attempt to explore the direction of China’s urbanization, and it can be used to optimize the spatial development pattern and provide scientific guidance for the future urbanization plan.

scholarly journals All urban areas’ energy use data across 640 districts in India for the year 2011

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangkang Tong ◽  
Ajay Singh Nagpure ◽  
Anu Ramaswami
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
State Level ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Energy Transitions ◽  
Urban Energy Use ◽  
Urban Energy

AbstractIndia is the third-largest contributor to global energy-use and anthropogenic carbon emissions. India’s urban energy transitions are critical to meet its climate goals due to the country’s rapid urbanization. However, no baseline urban energy-use dataset covers all Indian urban districts in ways that align with national totals and integrate social-economic-infrastructural attributes to inform such transitions. This paper develops a novel bottom-up plus top-down approach, comprehensively integrating multiple field surveys and utilizing machine learning, to model All Urban areas’ Energy-use (AllUrE) across all 640 districts in India, merged with social-economic-infrastructural data. Energy use estimates in this AllUrE-India dataset are evaluated by comparing with reported energy-use at three scales: nation-wide, state-wide, and city-level. Spatially granular AllUrE data aggregated nationally show good agreement with national totals (<2% difference). The goodness-of-fit ranged from 0.78–0.95 for comparison with state-level totals, and 0.90–0.99 with city-level data for different sectors. The relatively strong alignment at all three spatial scales demonstrates the value of AllUrE-India data for modelling urban energy transitions consistent with national energy and climate goals.

Kentsel Yoksulluk, Göç ve Yoksulluğun Mekânsal Yoğunlaşması-Ayrışması

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-204
Author(s):  
Mustafa Kemal Şan ◽  
Meryem Küçük
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Study Finding ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Spatial Concentration ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
The Social

1980 itibariyle dünyada benimsenen küresel ve neo–liberal politikalar, toplumların sosyal, kültürel ve siyasal yapısında büyük ölçekte değişimlerin yaşanmasına sebep olmuştur. Değişim ve dönüşümün etkileri en fazla kent mekânında görülmüştür. Çalışma bu temel tezden yola çıkarak; kentsel mekânın toplumsal yapının anlaşılmasında merkezi bir öneme sahip olduğunu iddia ederek, kentsel mekânın ayrışma sürecinin önemli değişkenlerinden olan ‘yoksulluk’, ‘göç’ ve ‘evsizlik’ olgusunu ele almaktadır. Ayrıca, çalışma göç’ ün kentlerde meydana getirmiş olduğu hızlı değişim ve dönüşümü, göç eden kesimin kentle ayrışma sürecini ve günümüz toplumlarının aşina olduğu evsizlik olgusunun göç ile olan ilişkisini analiz etmeyi hedeflemektedir. Dahası, çalışmanın amaçları çerçevesinde 24.02.2014-29.02.2014 tarihleri arasında İBB Darülaceze müdürlüğü tarafından yürütülen evsizlerin kış aylarında soğuk hava koşullarından korunması amacıyla açılan Zeytinburnu Spor Kompleksi Barınma Evi’nde 80 (Bunların 68’ı erkek, 12’si kadındır.)  evsiz ile gerçekleştirilen nitel araştırmanın analizi yer almaktadır. Çalışmanın yaklaşım biçimi ise fenemolojik-yorumsama olup, veri analizlerinde betimsel ve sistematik analiz yaklaşımı ile birlikte yorumlama tekniği kullanılmıştır. Çalışma kısaca; “göç ve evsizlik”, “kentsel yoksulluk” ve  “mekânsal farklılaşma-yoğunlaşma” temaları etrafında çerçevelendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulgularında yaygın olarak; göç ve hızlı kentleşmeyle birlikte işgücü piyasasındaki imkânların büyük ölçüde sınırlanmış olması ve konut yapısındaki köklü değişimler evsizlik olgusunun görünürlüğünü arttırdığı ikinci olarak, değişen koşullara bağlı olarak evsizlerin yoksulluğunun daimi hale getirdiği ve son olarak, evsizlerin kent içi ayrışmanın önemli aktörlerinden olduğu tespit edilmiştir.ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHUrban Poverty, Migration and Spatial Concentration- Segregation of PovertyGlobal and neo-liberal policies adopted in the world as of 1980 have led to massive changes in the social, cultural and political structure of societies. The effects of change and transformation are mostly seen in urban areas. As the study mentions this basic thesis and the thesis asserts that urban areas have major role on understanding of the social structure, it deals ‘migration’, ‘poverty’, and ‘homelessness’ which are one of the most important factors of the urban disintegration. Otherwise, the study aims to analyze rapid change and transformation in urban areas because of migration, disintegration process of people who migrate and homelessness, which is so usual for today’s people. Furthermore, for aims of the study were interviewed 80 homeless who stayed in Zeytinburnu Sport Complex in the housing complex for the protection of the homeless from cold weather conditions in the winter months by İBB Darülaceze Directorate between 24.02.2014-29.02.2014. These are 68 men and 12 women. The method of the study is quantitative; its approach is phenomenological-interpretivist. Quantitative research ‘s results were used as descriptive and systematic analysis with interpretation technique. Shortly, the study mentions ‘migration and homelessness’, ‘urban poverty and spatial concentration –segregation’. The study finding majorly shows that limitation of the labor income with migration and rapid urbanization and because of changes in residential building structure, homelessness changed as visible. Based on changing conditions, poverty of the homeless become permanent and the study confirmed migration and rapid urbanization are one of the major factors in the urban-segregation.

Public/Private Joint Service Delivery in American Counties: Institutional Theory of Local Governance and Government Capacity

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moon-Gi Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
County Level ◽  
Government Capacity ◽  
Alternative Service

The question of who should provide public services has continued to gain attention among scholars and practitioners. Existing studies on public service delivery have primarily focused on the `make' or `buy' decision, resulting in their lack of knowledge in public/private joint service delivery, especially at the county level. This study fills the research lacuna by incorporating the institutional theory of local governance and government capacity. Using the 2002 ICMA Survey on Local Governments' Alternative Service Delivery, this study examines what factors account for the adoption of public/private joint service delivery in American counties. Probit analysis is employed to estimate county choice of joint service delivery in 2002. Overall, the findings suggest that the reformed political structure has a modest influence on joint service delivery. The findings also suggest that government capacity has negative influence on joint service delivery.

scholarly journals Multi-Disciplinary Determination of the Rural/Urban Boundary: A Case Study in Xi’an, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Fang ◽  
Yingjie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
New Model ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Rapid urbanization in China has blurred the boundaries between rural and urban areas in both geographic and conceptual terms. Accurately identifying this boundary in a given area is an important prerequisite for studies of these areas, but previous research has used fairly simplistic factors to distinguish the two areas (such as population density). In this study, we built a model combining multi-layer conditions and cumulative percentage methods based on five indicators linking spatial, economic, and demographic factors to produce a more comprehensive and quantitative method for identifying rural and urban areas. Using Xi’an, China as a case study, our methods produced a more accurate determination of the rural-urban divide when compared to data from the National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China. Specifically, the urbanization level was 3.24% lower in the new model, with a total urban area that was 621.87 km2 lower. These results were checked by field survey and satellite imagery for accuracy. This new model thus provides local governments and other interested parties a theoretical and technological foundation for more accurate rural/urban planning and management in the future.

scholarly journals Green Dreams, Toxic Legacies: Toward a Digital Political Ecology of Silicon Valley

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-85
Author(s):  
Jason A. Heppler
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
High Tech ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
New Form ◽  
Over Time

This article examines the ways that geohumanities approaches historical research aids in the study of environmental and urban history in one of the twentieth century's fastest growing American urban centers. It explores how San Jose typified the challenges of Silicon Valley's rapid urbanization and desire to chart a new form of industrialisation predicated on the ‘greenness’ of high-tech manufacturing and development. These issues are examined through a variety of mapping and GIS projects that seek to understand areas of cities threatened by natural hazards, to unveil the growth of cities over time, and how polluted areas introduced environmental hazards to social inequality. The article concludes that studies of urban areas cannot be separated from questions about the environment and its role in social justice, urban planning, and politics.

scholarly journals Residents’ Attention and Awareness of Urban Edible Landscapes: A Case Study of Wuhan, China

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1142
Author(s):  
Qijiao Xie ◽  
Yang Yue ◽  
Daohua Hu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
National Recommendation ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Edible Landscape

More and more urban residents in China have suffered from food insecurity and failed to meet the national recommendation of daily fruit and vegetable consumption due to rapid urbanization in recent years. Introducing edible landscapes to urban greening systems represents an opportunity for improving urban food supply and security. However, residents’ opinion on urban edible landscapes has rarely been discussed. In this study, questionnaire surveys were performed in eight sample communities in Wuhan, China, to collect the information on residents’ attention and awareness of urban edible landscapes. Results indicated that nearly one-third of the respondents were unaware of edible landscapes before the interview. Most residents thought that an edible landscape could promote efficient land use (57.26%) and express special ornamental effects (54.64%), but quite a few didn’t believe that growing edible plants in urban public spaces could increase food output (37.10%) and improve food quality (40.12%). Overall, 45.65% and 32.73% of the growers performed their cultivation behavior in private and semiprivate spaces, respectively. Lack of public areas for agriculture use was regarded as the main barrier restricting the development of urban horticulture by 55.86% of growers and 59.51% of non-growers. The residents were also worried about their property manager’s opposition, possible conflicts, and complex relationships with their neighbors. Food policies and infrastructure support from local governments and official institutions were needed to ensure the successful implementation of edible landscapes in urban areas.

scholarly journals Complementarity Between Sentinel-1 and Landsat 8 Imagery for Built-Up Mapping in Sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Forget ◽  
Michal Shimoni ◽  
Marius Gilbert ◽  
Catherine Linard
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Sub Saharan

The rapid urbanization that takes place in developing regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa is associated with a large range of environmental and social issues. In this context, remote sensing is essential to provide accurate and up-to-date spatial information to support risk assessment and decision making. However, mapping urban areas remains a challenge because of their heterogeneity, especially in developing regions where the highest rates of misclassification are observed. Nevertheless, urban areas located in arid climates --- which are among the most vulnerables to anthropogenic impacts, suffer from the spectral confusion occurring between built-up and bare soil areas when using optical imagery. Today, the increasing availability of satellite imagery from multiple sensors allow to tackle the aforementioned issues by combining optical data with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). In this paper, we assess the complementarity of the Landsat 8 and Sentinel-1 sensors to map built-up areas in twelve Sub-Saharan African urban areas, using a pixel-level supervised classification based on the Random Forest classifier. We make use of textural information extracted from SAR backscattering data in order to reduce the speckle noise and to introduce contextual information at the pixel level. Results suggest that combining both optical and SAR features consistently improves classification performances, mainly by enhancing the differentiation between built-up and bare lands. However, the fusion was less beneficial in mountainous case studies, suggesting that including features derived from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) could improve the reliability of the proposed approach. As suggested by previous studies, combining features computed from both VV and VH polarizations consistently led to better classification performances. On the contrary, introducing textures computed from different spatial scales did not improve the classification performances.

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