Funding Pandemic Prevention: Proposal for a Meat and Wild Animal Tax

Market prices fail to properly account for the risk of zoonotic diseases associated with animal agriculture and cross-border trade in domesticated and wild animal products, the magnitude of which is demonstrated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Corrective measures are required to internalize the cost of pandemics. Communicable disease prevention and mitigation is a global public good and contributions to its production should be made at the international level. To compel states to pay for costs resulting from domestic consumption patterns that are externalized to other countries, this paper proposes a global contribution regime based on state consumption of animal products. We lay out the technical aspects of a cost-internalizing tax that could accomplish this goal and demonstrate its feasibility in light of existing trade law constraints. The paper concludes that the proposed cost-internalizing tax would be an appropriate method to deter pandemic risk-inducing activities and fund zoonotic disease outbreak prevention and pandemic response.

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Measuring the cost of international trade in services

World Trade Review ◽

10.1017/s1474745613000049 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 719-735 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

SÉBASTIEN MIROUDOT ◽

JEHAN SAUVAGE ◽

BEN SHEPHERD

Keyword(s):

International Trade ◽

Trade Costs ◽

Trade In Services ◽

Policy Reforms ◽

Cross Border ◽

Border Trade ◽

Future Policy ◽

The Cost ◽

Regional Grouping ◽

The Eu

AbstractWe present a new dataset of international trade costs in services sectors. Using a theory-based methodology combined with data on domestic shipments and cross-border trade, we find that trade costs in services are much higher than in goods sectors: a multiple of two to three times in many cases. Trade costs in services have remained relatively steady over the last ten years, whereas trade costs in goods have fallen overall at an impressive rate. We show that even in a regional grouping that has done much to promote a single market in services–the EU–there remains considerable heterogeneity in trade costs across countries. Our findings generally suggest an important role for future policy reforms to reduce the regulatory burdens facing services sectors and facilitate trade in services.

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Trade and Development in an Era of Multipolarity and Reterritorialization

10.31228/osf.io/nvscp ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chantal Thomas

Keyword(s):

International Economic ◽

Political Economy ◽

International Economic Order ◽

Economic Nationalism ◽

Cross Border ◽

Trade Law ◽

International Trade Law ◽

Law And Policy ◽

Border Trade ◽

Key Aspects

This essay will consider two phenomena emergent within international trade law and policy: multipolarity (the emergence of new global powers alongside existing hegemons) and reterritorialization (the rise, sometimes in quite virulent form, of economic nationalism as a basis for asserting State controls over, and barriers to, cross-border trade). These new dynamics present serious challenges and dangers.1 This essay will consider whether they might also create opportunities for reshaping the international economic order to be more supportive of the longstanding concerns of developing States. In doing so, the essay will elucidate key aspects of both the global political economy and the international norms and institutions that have helped to shape it.

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Implementation of Customs Advance Ruling (AR) Facility as a Trade Facilitation Measure in Bangladesh: Prospect in Retrospect

Customs Research and Applications Journal ◽

10.31092/craj.v1i1.6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Mohammad Akbar Hossain

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Trade Facilitation ◽

Cross Border ◽

Doing Business ◽

Border Trade ◽

The Future ◽

Long Time ◽

The Cost ◽

Full Swing

The WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) and the WCO Revised Kyoto Convention (RKC)have clearly prescribed their Members to implement Advance Ruling (AR) facilities for avoidingdisputes between the Customs authorities and trade communities. If the future disputes can betreated before the arrival of imported or exportable goods at the borders, cross-border trade willbe facilitated reducing the cost and time of both the traders and customs. The developedcountries have been using the AR facilities for a long time to avoid future disputes, while thedeveloping countries are yet to initiate the journey in full swing. Because of the absence of AR,the customs authorities of the developing countries are bogged down in dealing with the courtcases originated from the disputes at the borders. Again, the traders are facing unwanted hasslesat borders that increases time and cost of doing business. Bangladesh implemented Customs ARon tariff classification in 2016. This article endeavors to examine the AR regime of Bangladesh.In particular, it analyzed the context that prompted Bangladesh customs not to implementing ARin its full scope i.e. for valuation, origin, duty drawback, etc. The limited interests of businessestowards Customs AR are also explored in this study. The study finds that the traders are highlybenefited from AR. However, as the AR facilities are given only for classification, and there aresome other platforms for having remedy for classification, the facilities could not attract thetraders as it was expected.

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La ventanilla única nacional para el comercio como la herramienta de la facilitación del comercio

Revista Electrónica de Direito ◽

10.24840/2182-9845_2021-0003_0007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 108-127

Author(s):

Víctor Nikiforovich Sidorov ◽

Elena Víctorovna Sidorova

Keyword(s):

International Trade ◽

Trade Facilitation ◽

Goods And Services ◽

Cross Border ◽

Community System ◽

Border Trade ◽

The World ◽

The One ◽

The Cost ◽

Main Model

Trade facilitation is promoting international trade by facilitating the flow of goods and services by reducing the cost and time of cross-border trade transactions and thus eliminating procedural barriers to trade. To achieve this objective, trade facilitation as a diversified concept includes several instruments. One of the main measures that seeks to promote trade facilitation is a single window for trade. The notion and main model of the national single window bases on the Recommendation No. 33 and Guidelines on Establishing a Single Window and the World Trade Organization's Trade Facilitation Agreement. Studies show that the countries realize the application of the single window of different forms and there is no only model of the national single window. In a few countries they created several systems like Port Community System, the customs single window, the maritime single window instead of creating the one national single window. To understand the nature of the national single window it is important to analyze the perspectives and the features of the national single window that distinguishes the single window to other systems in international trade.

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