scholarly journals La ventanilla única nacional para el comercio como la herramienta de la facilitación del comercio

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-127
Author(s):  
Víctor Nikiforovich Sidorov ◽  
Elena Víctorovna Sidorova
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Facilitation ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Community System ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Main Model

Trade facilitation is promoting international trade by facilitating the flow of goods and services by reducing the cost and time of cross-border trade transactions and thus eliminating procedural barriers to trade. To achieve this objective, trade facilitation as a diversified concept includes several instruments. One of the main measures that seeks to promote trade facilitation is a single window for trade. The notion and main model of the national single window bases on the Recommendation No. 33 and Guidelines on Establishing a Single Window and the World Trade Organization's Trade Facilitation Agreement. Studies show that the countries realize the application of the single window of different forms and there is no only model of the national single window. In a few countries they created several systems like Port Community System, the customs single window, the maritime single window instead of creating the one national single window. To understand the nature of the national single window it is important to analyze the perspectives and the features of the national single window that distinguishes the single window to other systems in international trade.

scholarly journals Research Based on International Trade System and the Pursuit of Free Digital Trade

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Houqi Ji
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Data Flows ◽  
The World ◽  
International Trading

The world is witnessing the digitization of the production, exchange and consumption of goods and services in economy. The Internet and cross-border based data flows are becoming important trade channels as more products are traded online or with integrated functions that are based on digital connections. We emphasize the technical emergency element in existing international rules, which shows that technological change is a driving force for competitive regime creation and forum transformation, contributing to the process of fragmentation of the international trading system.

scholarly journals Measuring the cost of international trade in services

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
SÉBASTIEN MIROUDOT ◽  
JEHAN SAUVAGE ◽  
BEN SHEPHERD
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Costs ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Regional Grouping ◽  
The Eu

AbstractWe present a new dataset of international trade costs in services sectors. Using a theory-based methodology combined with data on domestic shipments and cross-border trade, we find that trade costs in services are much higher than in goods sectors: a multiple of two to three times in many cases. Trade costs in services have remained relatively steady over the last ten years, whereas trade costs in goods have fallen overall at an impressive rate. We show that even in a regional grouping that has done much to promote a single market in services–the EU–there remains considerable heterogeneity in trade costs across countries. Our findings generally suggest an important role for future policy reforms to reduce the regulatory burdens facing services sectors and facilitate trade in services.

scholarly journals Implementation of Customs Advance Ruling (AR) Facility as a Trade Facilitation Measure in Bangladesh: Prospect in Retrospect

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Mohammad Akbar Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Trade Facilitation ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
The Future ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Full Swing

The WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) and the WCO Revised Kyoto Convention (RKC)have clearly prescribed their Members to implement Advance Ruling (AR) facilities for avoidingdisputes between the Customs authorities and trade communities. If the future disputes can betreated before the arrival of imported or exportable goods at the borders, cross-border trade willbe facilitated reducing the cost and time of both the traders and customs. The developedcountries have been using the AR facilities for a long time to avoid future disputes, while thedeveloping countries are yet to initiate the journey in full swing. Because of the absence of AR,the customs authorities of the developing countries are bogged down in dealing with the courtcases originated from the disputes at the borders. Again, the traders are facing unwanted hasslesat borders that increases time and cost of doing business. Bangladesh implemented Customs ARon tariff classification in 2016. This article endeavors to examine the AR regime of Bangladesh.In particular, it analyzed the context that prompted Bangladesh customs not to implementing ARin its full scope i.e. for valuation, origin, duty drawback, etc. The limited interests of businessestowards Customs AR are also explored in this study. The study finds that the traders are highlybenefited from AR. However, as the AR facilities are given only for classification, and there aresome other platforms for having remedy for classification, the facilities could not attract thetraders as it was expected.

scholarly journals The Role of Selectivity Criteria for Effective Post-clearance Audit (PCA): Bangladesh Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-25
Author(s):  
Mohammad Akbar Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Reliable Data ◽  
Selection Procedures ◽  
Trade Facilitation ◽  
Economic Competitiveness ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
The World ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Revenue Administration

The Post-clearance Audit (PCA) is being used by the Customs administrations across the world to facilitate trade as well as to reduce revenue evasion. As a limited number of declarations or entities need to be audited, the selectivity criteria for identifying the riskiest ones for conducting PCA is of utmost importance for the effectiveness of audit. A wrong selection for audit will be counterproductive. That is why, this paper will examine how the selectivity criteria impacts the PCA. The WCO and WTO have advised the administrations to utilise the PCA mechanism to enhance cross-border trade. The Revised Kyoto Convention (RKC) of WCO and the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) of WTO have focused on systematic use of PCA rather than examining every imported consignment at the ports. Therefore, the PCA assists the authorities expedite clearance of goods, while, at the same time, ensures plugging leakages and, finally, enhances collection of duties and taxes at the import stage.  Moreover, the PCA also creates opportunities for the authorities to catch tax evaders in future as the results of PCA may further be used for the proper implementation of Risk Management (RM) mechanism. Effective RM helps single out the risky consignments and facilitate clearance of the low risk consignments. So, if the selectivity criteria for PCA are not properly set, both the PCA and RM system will be adversely affected, ultimately paralysing the revenue administration of a country thereby reducing its economic competitiveness. This study will scrutinise the existing selection procedures for PCA with qualitative analysis. Due to lack of availability of reliable data, the author interviewed some of the main stakeholders and the Customs and VAT officials to analyse the mechanism for identifying the loopholes and prospects of the PCA initiative. Furthermore, this paper will not only help the administrations to set the selectivity criteria for PCA, but also assist the administrations to redesign their existing PCA selectivity system.

scholarly journals Logística e comércio internacional da fruticultura no estado de Minas Gerais - Brasil

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-53
Author(s):  
Igor Martins Oliveira ◽  
Luiz Andrei Gonçalves Pereira
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
The Road ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The World ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
Transport Logistics

Na era globalização, a economia mundial tem vivenciado um processo de reestruturação produtiva, intensificando os fluxos nos territórios inerentes às interações espaciais de recursos, de bens e de serviços que circulam entre os mercados nacionais e internacionais. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as dinâmicas socioespaciais dos fluxos de comércio internacional do estado de Minas Gerais por meio da logística das redes de importações e de exportações de frutas, no período de 2000 a 2017. Como resultado, identificou-se que, no mercado externo de frutas, Minas Gerais se relaciona comercialmente com 88 países, sendo 52 nas redes de exportação e 36 na rede de importação. Na operacionalização dos fluxos no comércio global, a logística de transportes foi realizada através dos modais rodoviário, marítimo e aéreo, configurando-se como um elemento geográfico, visto que as transações comerciais demandam o gerenciamento da fluidez, do planejamento e da organização dos diferentes territórios.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Logística, Comércio Internacional, Fruticultura. ABSTRACTIn the era of globalization, the world economy has undergone a process of productive restructuring, intensifying flows in the territories inherent to the spatial interactions of resources, goods and services that circulate between national and international markets. The objective of this work is to analyze the sociospatial dynamics of the international trade flows of the state of Minas Gerais through the logistics of import and export fruit networks, from 2000 to 2017. As a result, it was identified that in the market Minas Gerais has a commercial relationship with 88 countries, 52 in export networks and 36 in the import network. In the operationalization of flows in global trade, transport logistics was carried out through the road, sea and air modalities, being configured as a geographic element, since commercial transactions demand the management of the fluidity, planning and organization of the different territories.KEYWORDS: Logistic, International Trade, Fruticulture.

scholarly journals International Trade in Goods and Services: Aspects of Monetary and Financial Relations

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
E.V. Potekhina ◽  
◽  
A.D. Efremova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
World Economy ◽  
International Division ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
National Economies

the article examines such topical problems of the world economy as the peculiarities of interaction between the subjects of the world economy, international trade, international monetary and financial relations, the role of the exchange rate for national economies. The issues of the national economy of the Russian Federation and the degree of the country’s participation in the international division of labor and its openness are considered. In this paper, using the example of Russia, the export of goods and services is analyzed, its relationship with a number of factors (exchange rate and oil price), where the main tools are methods of statistical and econometric analysis.

Group Insolvencies

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Bork ◽  
Renato Mangano
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Specific Policy ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One

This chapter deals with European cross-border issues concerning groups of companies. This chapter, after outlining the difficulties encountered throughout the world in defining and regulating the group, focuses on the specific policy choices endorsed by the EIR, which clearly does not lay down any form of substantive consolidation. Instead, the EIR, on the one hand, seems to permit the ‘one group—one COMI’ rule, even to a limited extent, and, on the other hand, provides for two different regulatory devices of procedural consolidation, one based on the duties of ‘cooperation and communication’ and the other on a system of ‘coordination’ to be set up between the many proceedings affecting companies belonging to the same group.

scholarly journals Funding Pandemic Prevention: Proposal for a Meat and Wild Animal Tax

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9016
Author(s):  
Morgane Larnder-Besner ◽  
Julien Tremblay-Gravel ◽  
Allison Christians
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Global Public Good ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
The Cost

Market prices fail to properly account for the risk of zoonotic diseases associated with animal agriculture and cross-border trade in domesticated and wild animal products, the magnitude of which is demonstrated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Corrective measures are required to internalize the cost of pandemics. Communicable disease prevention and mitigation is a global public good and contributions to its production should be made at the international level. To compel states to pay for costs resulting from domestic consumption patterns that are externalized to other countries, this paper proposes a global contribution regime based on state consumption of animal products. We lay out the technical aspects of a cost-internalizing tax that could accomplish this goal and demonstrate its feasibility in light of existing trade law constraints. The paper concludes that the proposed cost-internalizing tax would be an appropriate method to deter pandemic risk-inducing activities and fund zoonotic disease outbreak prevention and pandemic response.

Promoting Women’s Participation in Cross-border Trade in South Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-32
Author(s):  
Talajeh Livani ◽  
Jennifer Solotaroff
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Global Literature ◽  
Trade Facilitation ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Border Trade

Historically, practitioners and policymakers have overlooked gender issues in the trade space; however, research in recent decades strongly suggests that trade is not gender neutral. Cross-border trade produces changes in employment and prices, and these changes have different effects on women and men. Moreover, because women and men do not have equal access to education, networks, transportation and productive resources, their ability to seize trade-related opportunities differs. General trade barriers, such as deficient infrastructure and cumbersome regulatory and documentary requirements, also have gender-differentiated impacts. Drawing from the global literature, this article proposes policy recommendations to expand the benefits of trade to women in South Asia. The recommendations range from strengthening female-dominated export sectors and implementing trade facilitation measures to increasing women’s access to training, productive resources, information, transportation and trade networks.

scholarly journals Environmental implications of agriculture trade in Nepal

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Krishna P. Pant
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
Agriculture And Environment

International trade of the goods and services has implications to environment via their effects on environment on production and consumption. Agriculture being closely linked with the natural environment the trade of agricultural products and the inputs required for agriculture affects the environment. This paper attempts to identify and analyze trade issues of environmental protection that mainly falls under the purview of Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade under the World Trade Organization. The analyses will be helpful to identify and understand trade remedy measures that protect environment required for more sustainable agricultural development. The Journal of AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 30-37

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