scholarly journals A Prediction Method of GHG Emissions for Urban Road Transportation Planning and Its Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10251
Author(s):  
Jing Gan ◽  
Linheng Li ◽  
Qiaojun Xiang ◽  
Bin Ran
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Transportation Planning ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Carbon Control

The increasing vehicle usage has brought about a sharp increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of vehicles, which brings severe challenges to the sustainable development of road transportation in Chinese counties. Low-carbon transportation planning is an essential strategy for carbon control from the source of carbon emissions and is crucial to the full transition to a low-carbon future. For transportation planning designers, a quick and accurate estimation of carbon emissions under different transportation planning schemes is a prerequisite to determine the optimal low-carbon transportation development plan. To address this issue, a novel prediction method of hourly GHG emissions over the urban roads network was constructed in this paper. A case study was conducted in Changxing county, and the results indicate the effectiveness of our proposed method. Furthermore, we applied the same approach to 30 other counties in China to analyze the influencing factors of emissions from urban road networks in Chinese counties. The analysis results indicate that the urban road mileage and arterial road ratio are the two most important factors affecting road network GHG emissions in road traffic planning process. Moreover, the method was employed to derive peak hour emission coefficients that can be used to quickly estimate daily or annual GHG emissions. The peak hour emission of CO2, CH4, and N2O accounts for approximately 9–10%, 8.5–10.5%, 5.5–7.5% of daily emissions, respectively. It is expected that the findings from this study would be helpful for establishing effective carbon control strategies in the transportation planning stage to reduce road traffic GHG emissions in counties.

scholarly journals Scenario Analysis of Urban Road Transportation Energy Demand and GHG Emissions in China—A Case Study for Chongqing

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianchun Tan ◽  
Yuan Zeng ◽  
Baihe Gu ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Baoguang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Transportation Energy ◽  
Urban Road

scholarly journals Kuzbass Economy and Carbon Control Tools

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1039-1046
Author(s):  
Galina E. Mekush ◽  
◽  
Andrey A. Panov
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Best Available Technologies ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Regional Product ◽  
Carbon Control

Kuzbass is a resource-type region. Therefore, any prospective carbon control law is a very relevant issue for this part of Siberia. Carbon control laws aim at meeting the environmental standards set up by the Paris Agreement. For Kuzbass, carbon control means production restrictions and poor competitiveness. The research objective was to assess the potential of Kuzbass economy for the period of climate adaptation. The authors analyze various performance evaluation methods that are used to assess carbon control tools, as well as various scenarios for the development of Russian economy. The analysis shows that Kuzbass demonstrates no orientation towards structural and technological modernization, thus proving unready for the transition to low-carbon economy. Local ecosystems are able to absorb no more than 13 % of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, while the economic indicators of the carbon intensity keep decreasing as the growth rates of the gross regional product (GRP) outstrip the consumption of fuel and energy resources. Local decision-makers can be recommended to pay special attention to the implementation rate of the best available technologies, as well as to the replication of the experience of effective climate strategies, including the sector of land use, land use change, and forestry (LULUCF). Carbon polygons and carbon farms can be a promising tool for the development of LULUCF sector, as they will also be able to increase the competitiveness of local companies on the carbon market

scholarly journals Measuring Carbon Emissions From Low carbon Cities in Rapidly Urbanising Countries – Nepal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roz Price
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Climate Action

Climate change and urbanisation are inextricably linked. With the acceleration of urbanisation in many developing countries, urban areas play a major role in energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. This is true of Nepal, which has experienced rapid urbanisation in recent decades. However, no studies were identified that evaluate the efforts of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from low carbon cities in rapidly urbanising developing countries. Although, there is literature out there on this that focuses on developed countries and the Global North, this is outside the scope of this report. Given the rapid nature of this review and its limitations it was not possible to fully answer the question of whether investments in low-carbon cities reduce carbon emissions in rapidly urbanising contexts. The first section of this report looks at the theory of low carbon cities and touches on some of the methodologies for measuring carbon emissions from cities (and the complexities and difficulties with these). The second section looks at Nepal in more detail, highlighting previous literature which has attempted to quantify emissions from cities in Nepal (namely Kathmandu Valley) and the co-benefits of low carbon investment in Nepal. However, overall, literature was largely limited on these topics, and was often older being from 5 years or more ago. Of note is an emissions inventory for Nepal for 2016 by Sadavarte et al. (2019) – although other literature notes that data on emission characteristics are still limited (IMC Worldwide, 2020). ICLEI (2009) also produced city emissions profiles for 3 Nepalese cities, but these are quite outdated. There are several studies related to low carbon development pathways for major cities in developed countries or China, however such studies from the perspective of emerging cities from the developing world are limited. Research into other developing countries with similar characteristics to Nepal was briefly explored in this rapid review but there was not time to fully explore this literature base. Most of the literature explored is from academia, although some is from non-governmental organisations particularly those looking at engaging cities in climate action (such as C40). The literature explored does not look at gender issues or issues of people with disabilities.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Evaluation of Carbon Emissions for the Development of High-Rise Residential Building

Buildings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Yim ◽  
S. Ng ◽  
M. Hossain ◽  
James Wong
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Residential Housing ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

Despite the fact that many novel initiatives have been put forward to reduce the carbon emissions of buildings, there is still a lack of comprehensive investigation in analyzing a buildings’ life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, especially in high-density cities. In addition, no studies have made attempt to evaluate GHG emissions by considering the whole life cycle of buildings in Hong Kong. Knowledge of localized emission at different stages is critical, as the emission varies greatly in different regions. Without a reliable emission level of buildings, it is difficult to determine which aspects can reduce the life cycle GHG emissions. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the life cycle GHG emissions of buildings by considering “cradle-to-grave” system boundary, with a case-specific high-rise residential housing block as a representative public housing development in Hong Kong. The results demonstrated that the life cycle GHG emission of the case residential building was 4980 kg CO2e/m2. The analysis showed that the majority (over 86%) of the emission resulted from the use phase of the building including renovation. The results and analysis presented in this study can help the relevant parties in designing low carbon and sustainable residential development in the future.

scholarly journals Optimization of Ecosystem Services of Shanghai Urban–Suburban Street Trees Based on Low-Carbon Targets

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13251
Author(s):  
Yugang Chen ◽  
Changkun Xie ◽  
Ruiyuan Jiang ◽  
Shengquan Che
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Street Trees ◽  
Management Modes ◽  
New City ◽  
City Construction ◽  
Carbon Contribution

Road traffic carbon emissions are an important cause of global warming, and street trees play an important role in regulating road carbon emissions. During urbanization, major differences in the planting management modes and growth status of the street trees in urban–suburban gradient may exist, leading to significant differences in the low-carbon values of the street trees in urban–suburban gradient. Based on this, this study took two typical urban–suburban gradient zones in Shanghai as an example to analyze the changes in the characteristics of street tree species, planting density, tree sizes, and low-carbon contribution with urban and rural changes, and proposed strategies for optimizing the low-carbon contribution of urban street trees. The results showed that, from the inner ring to the outer ring and the suburban ring, the proportion of London plane tree gradually changed from 82% to 11%, and the proportion of the camphor tree gradually changed from 9% to 70%; the average DBH of the trees gradually decreased from 28.81 to 23.74 cm. The number of plantings per unit road length gradually increased, and the number of plantings per unit area gradually decreased; therefore, the average low-carbon contribution of urban–suburban street trees is not significant, but the low-carbon contribution of upper street trees per unit area is higher, and suburban unit street trees have a higher low-carbon contribution. Finally, this article proposes different optimization strategies for future urban micro-renewal and suburban new-city construction.

scholarly journals EXPLORATION ON QUANTIFYING CARBON DIOXIDE (CO<sub>2</sub>) EMISSION FROM ROAD TRAFFIC IN MEGACITY

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-4 ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
R. Cong ◽  
M. Saito ◽  
R. Hirata ◽  
A. Ito ◽  
S. Maksyutov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Road Segment ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
The Real ◽  
Road Segments

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> As the increasing concern for climate change, quantification on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in urban scale has been a key component for local climate actions. To explore an approach on estimating the GHG emissions closely to the real-world condition, in this paper, we make efforts on counting the carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions from road traffic in Tokyo. The road traffic emissions mapping is achieved by linking spatial road line data with detailed activity data (traffic census). Through the data processing by Geographic Information System technique, the emissions of each road segment are estimated basing on the daily average traffic amount and speed of vehicles on each road segment. As our estimation, the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from road traffic of Tokyo in 2015 are about 16,323<span class="thinspace"></span>Gg. The highlight points mainly refer to linking the traffic census information for the observed road segments on map and allocation efforts for unserved ones. As the limited amount of observation points in traffic census, accurate estimation for unobserved road segments is a challenge. Our approach overcomes it by assumption of a familiar traffic condition for all road segments in the same sub-city area. This approach could simulate the traffic patterns closely to the real traffic condition so that it will more effectively support the emission mitigation policies on road traffic for local climate.</p>

scholarly journals Macroscopic Traffic Simulation of Autonomous Vehicle Effects

Vehicles ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-196
Author(s):  
Mohammed Obaid ◽  
Arpad Torok
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Total Delay ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Vehicle Mobility ◽  
Network Speed ◽  
Restrictive Measures

The increasing worldwide demand on urban road transportation systems requires more restrictive measures and policies to reduce congestion, time delay and pollution. Autonomous vehicle mobility services, both shared and private, are possibly a good step towards a better road transportation future. This article aims to study the expected impact of private autonomous vehicles on road traffic parameters from a macroscopic level. The proposed methodology focuses on finding the different effects of different combinations of autonomous vehicle penetration and Passenger Car Units (PCU) on the chosen road traffic model. Four parameters are studied: traveled daily kilometers, daily hours, total daily delay and average network speed. The analysis improves the four parameters differently by implementing autonomous vehicles. The parameter total delay has the most significant reduction. Finally, several mathematical models are developed for the percentage of improvement for each chosen parameter.

scholarly journals Equilibrium between Road Traffic Congestion and Low-Carbon Economy: A Case Study from Beijing, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuxia Yang ◽  
Yu Ji ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
Jing Fu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Road Traffic Congestion ◽  
Carbon Economy

China has allocated low-carbon targets into all regions and trades, and road traffic also has its own emission reduction targets. Congestion may increase carbon emissions from road traffic. It is worthwhile to study whether it is possible to achieve the goal of road traffic reduction by controlling congestion; that is, to achieve the equilibrium between traffic congestion and a low-carbon economy. The innovation of this paper is mainly reflected in the innovative topic selection, the introduction of a traffic index, and the establishment of the first traffic congestion and low-carbon economic equilibrium model. First, the relevant calculation method of the traffic index is introduced, and the traffic index is used to quantify the traffic congestion degree. Using the traffic index, GDP, and road passenger traffic volume, a nonlinear regression model of road traffic carbon emissions is constructed. Then, the calculation method of the carbon emission intensity of road traffic in the region is proposed. The equilibrium model of traffic congestion and a low-carbon economy is constructed to look for the degree of road traffic congestion that may occur under the permitted carbon emission intensity. Taking Beijing, where electric vehicles account for less than 3% of the total vehicles, as an example, it is difficult to achieve the equilibrium target between road traffic congestion and a low-carbon economy by alleviating traffic congestion in 2020. If the target of traffic carbon emission reduction in 2020 is adjusted from 40%–45% to 19.7% based on 2005, the equilibrium will be achieved. A negative correlation between road traffic carbon emissions and the reciprocal of the traffic index (1/TI) is found after eliminating the effects of GDP and PTV (road passenger traffic volume). As the traffic index decreases by units, the carbon emission reduction accelerates. The results show that carbon reduction targets cannot be simply allocated to various industries. The results of the research on the degree of the impact of traffic congestion on carbon emissions can be used as a basis for carbon reduction decisions of the traffic sector. The research method of this paper can provide a reference for the study of the equilibrium of traffic congestion and a low-carbon economy in other regions.

scholarly journals Carbon emissions tax policy of urban road traffic and its application in Panjin, China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. e0196762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longhai Yang ◽  
Xiaowei Hu ◽  
Lin Fang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Emissions Tax
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