scholarly journals EXPLORATION ON QUANTIFYING CARBON DIOXIDE (CO<sub>2</sub>) EMISSION FROM ROAD TRAFFIC IN MEGACITY

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-4 ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
R. Cong ◽  
M. Saito ◽  
R. Hirata ◽  
A. Ito ◽  
S. Maksyutov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Road Segment ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
The Real ◽  
Road Segments

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> As the increasing concern for climate change, quantification on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in urban scale has been a key component for local climate actions. To explore an approach on estimating the GHG emissions closely to the real-world condition, in this paper, we make efforts on counting the carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions from road traffic in Tokyo. The road traffic emissions mapping is achieved by linking spatial road line data with detailed activity data (traffic census). Through the data processing by Geographic Information System technique, the emissions of each road segment are estimated basing on the daily average traffic amount and speed of vehicles on each road segment. As our estimation, the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from road traffic of Tokyo in 2015 are about 16,323<span class="thinspace"></span>Gg. The highlight points mainly refer to linking the traffic census information for the observed road segments on map and allocation efforts for unserved ones. As the limited amount of observation points in traffic census, accurate estimation for unobserved road segments is a challenge. Our approach overcomes it by assumption of a familiar traffic condition for all road segments in the same sub-city area. This approach could simulate the traffic patterns closely to the real traffic condition so that it will more effectively support the emission mitigation policies on road traffic for local climate.</p>

scholarly journals A Prediction Method of GHG Emissions for Urban Road Transportation Planning and Its Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10251
Author(s):  
Jing Gan ◽  
Linheng Li ◽  
Qiaojun Xiang ◽  
Bin Ran
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Transportation Planning ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Carbon Control

The increasing vehicle usage has brought about a sharp increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of vehicles, which brings severe challenges to the sustainable development of road transportation in Chinese counties. Low-carbon transportation planning is an essential strategy for carbon control from the source of carbon emissions and is crucial to the full transition to a low-carbon future. For transportation planning designers, a quick and accurate estimation of carbon emissions under different transportation planning schemes is a prerequisite to determine the optimal low-carbon transportation development plan. To address this issue, a novel prediction method of hourly GHG emissions over the urban roads network was constructed in this paper. A case study was conducted in Changxing county, and the results indicate the effectiveness of our proposed method. Furthermore, we applied the same approach to 30 other counties in China to analyze the influencing factors of emissions from urban road networks in Chinese counties. The analysis results indicate that the urban road mileage and arterial road ratio are the two most important factors affecting road network GHG emissions in road traffic planning process. Moreover, the method was employed to derive peak hour emission coefficients that can be used to quickly estimate daily or annual GHG emissions. The peak hour emission of CO2, CH4, and N2O accounts for approximately 9–10%, 8.5–10.5%, 5.5–7.5% of daily emissions, respectively. It is expected that the findings from this study would be helpful for establishing effective carbon control strategies in the transportation planning stage to reduce road traffic GHG emissions in counties.

Different Resources Consumption of Renewable Energy

2017 ◽  
pp. 919-935
Author(s):  
Soobia Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Local Climate Change

Electricity consumption will encompass a large converse about connected with international electricity demand while in the next 2 decades. Newly, this improving rate connected with fossil fuels and also issues about the environmentally friendly consequences connected with gas emissions get renewed the attention in the progress connected with alternative electricity resources. Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Modify Minimization offers a good estimation on the chapter for the technological, scientific, environmentally friendly, financial and also societal aspects of this factor connected with six renewable energy (RE) options for the minimization connected with weather adjust. This functioning chapter on environmentally friendly Energy Solutions and Local climate Change Minimization presents an assessment on the literature for the scientific chemical, technological, environment, economic in addition to social areas of the contribution connected with six environmentally friendly energy (RE) sources on the mitigation connected with climate alter. This chapter is definitely an overview of presentation of the Local climate Change Minimization expansion on the essential results. Considering this significant component of Renewable Energy Sources can be reduce carbon dioxide, there is an international relating to reducing carbon emissions. Due to the fact most of the United Nations wanted to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is carbon dioxide, there is a can be a global concern on minimizing carbon emissions. Emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) resulting from the provision of the services of one have contributed significantly to improve the historical concentrations of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere of MIT. The IPCC (AR4) concluded that “most of the observed global climate improving as it is very likely that as a result of the improvement observed in the concentrations of anthropogenic gases mit techniques this mid of 20th century confirms Recent Files the use of fossil power accounts for most of the international anthropogenic GHG emissions”. Emissions always grow, in addition to CO2 concentrations of it had increased to more than 390 ppm, or perhaps 39% above pre-industrial levels, by holding from 2014-5. There are many options for reducing GHG emissions from energy system while satisfying the desire for global energy services. Some of these possible alternatives, such as energy conservation and competition, switching fossil fuel, RE, nuclear, plus carbon capture and hard drive (CCS) was evaluated from the AR4. A full assessment related to any profile minimization options will likely involve an evaluation of respective potential alongside minimization with his bargain with sustainable development as well as all associated risks, and costs. This phase will focus on the role that this display technology related to RE can participate in within the portfolio related to mitigation alternatives. In this sense, the only policies can be given to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide, to improve the implementation of green energy, and such encouraging technological innovation. At inclusion, supporting components, such as feed-in tariffs, rules Renewable side view in addition to tax insurance policies are used by governments to help develop green energy generation in addition to the implementation of the efficiency of energy use save energy. In this chapter, the various insurance policies could possibly be placed on reducing carbon emissions, for instance improving green energy deployment and also significant technologies. A pair of main clarifications may be realizing to scale back carbon emissions and also overcome the issue connected with weather adjust: exchange fossil fuel having green electricity options wherever possible and also enhancing energy proficiency. In this chapter, many of us discuss most up-to-date performance connected with technology intended for improving green electricity deployment and also electricity work with proficiency.

Different Resources Consumption of Renewable Energy

2016 ◽  
pp. 85-101
Author(s):  
Soobia Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Local Climate Change

Electricity consumption will encompass a large converse about connected with international electricity demand while in the next 2 decades. Newly, this improving rate connected with fossil fuels and also issues about the environmentally friendly consequences connected with gas emissions get renewed the attention in the progress connected with alternative electricity resources. Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Modify Minimization offers a good estimation on the chapter for the technological, scientific, environmentally friendly, financial and also societal aspects of this factor connected with six renewable energy (RE) options for the minimization connected with weather adjust. This functioning chapter on environmentally friendly Energy Solutions and Local climate Change Minimization presents an assessment on the literature for the scientific chemical, technological, environment, economic in addition to social areas of the contribution connected with six environmentally friendly energy (RE) sources on the mitigation connected with climate alter. This chapter is definitely an overview of presentation of the Local climate Change Minimization expansion on the essential results. Considering this significant component of Renewable Energy Sources can be reduce carbon dioxide, there is an international relating to reducing carbon emissions. Due to the fact most of the United Nations wanted to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is carbon dioxide, there is a can be a global concern on minimizing carbon emissions. Emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) resulting from the provision of the services of one have contributed significantly to improve the historical concentrations of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere of MIT. The IPCC (AR4) concluded that “most of the observed global climate improving as it is very likely that as a result of the improvement observed in the concentrations of anthropogenic gases mit techniques this mid of 20th century confirms Recent Files the use of fossil power accounts for most of the international anthropogenic GHG emissions”. Emissions always grow, in addition to CO2 concentrations of it had increased to more than 390 ppm, or perhaps 39% above pre-industrial levels, by holding from 2014-5. There are many options for reducing GHG emissions from energy system while satisfying the desire for global energy services. Some of these possible alternatives, such as energy conservation and competition, switching fossil fuel, RE, nuclear, plus carbon capture and hard drive (CCS) was evaluated from the AR4. A full assessment related to any profile minimization options will likely involve an evaluation of respective potential alongside minimization with his bargain with sustainable development as well as all associated risks, and costs. This phase will focus on the role that this display technology related to RE can participate in within the portfolio related to mitigation alternatives. In this sense, the only policies can be given to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide, to improve the implementation of green energy, and such encouraging technological innovation. At inclusion, supporting components, such as feed-in tariffs, rules Renewable side view in addition to tax insurance policies are used by governments to help develop green energy generation in addition to the implementation of the efficiency of energy use save energy. In this chapter, the various insurance policies could possibly be placed on reducing carbon emissions, for instance improving green energy deployment and also significant technologies. A pair of main clarifications may be realizing to scale back carbon emissions and also overcome the issue connected with weather adjust: exchange fossil fuel having green electricity options wherever possible and also enhancing energy proficiency. In this chapter, many of us discuss most up-to-date performance connected with technology intended for improving green electricity deployment and also electricity work with proficiency.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Insertion Angle of Lane-Changing Vehicles in Nearly Saturated Fast Road Segments

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1013
Author(s):  
Quantao Yang ◽  
Feng Lu ◽  
Jingsheng Wang ◽  
Dan Zhao ◽  
Lijie Yu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Segment ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Target Vehicle ◽  
The Road ◽  
Insertion Angle ◽  
Transverse Distance ◽  
The Relationship

Vehicle lane changing in a nearly saturated fast road segment tends to increase the probability of traffic accidents in the road segment and reduce the speed of the rear vehicles in the target lane. To better analyze the relationship between the target vehicle and the front and rear vehicles in the target lane, this study focuses on the insertion angle of the target vehicle as the research object. Moreover, this study considers influencing factors, such as the longitudinal distance, transverse distance, and speed of the front and rear vehicles in the target lane. This study also adopts aerial photography to capture the flow of the main road of the Xi’an South Second Ring Road, Chang’an University segment. Information regarding the vehicle captured on video, including the speed, insertion angle, and coordinates, is extracted using the software Tracker. The coordinates correlation and speed correlation are analyzed using the software SPSS 2.0. K-means cluster analysis is applied to cluster the insertion angle of the target vehicle, and the insertion speed of the target vehicle. Of the total samples, 89.47% were inserted into the target lane at around 23° or below. The PC-Crash software was used to verify that the collision consequences gradually increased with the increase in collision angle. Therefore, when the insertion angle of the vehicle changes to lower than 23°, the overall road traffic condition is optimal, and no large losses are incurred.

Tall tower eddy covariance as a tool for evaluating climate change mitigation in Vienna, Austria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Matthews ◽  
Helmut Schume
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Telekom Austria ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
Local Climate Change ◽  
Tall Tower

&lt;p&gt;The need for climate action in cities is becoming more and more critical. As such, systems that quantify local greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to evaluate mitigation measures are growing in importance and are set to undergo increasing levels of scrutiny. Within the CarboWien project, the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, the Environment Agency Austria and the telecommunications company A1 Telekom Austria AG are currently collaborating to investigate the potential of a tall tower eddy covariance station to support carbon dioxide (CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) emissions monitoring in Vienna. Due to the tall tower approach (144 m measurement height) the measured turbulent fluxes are representative of net emissions from much of the city area. If maintained in the near- to medium&amp;#8209;term, this facility could provide an additional, independent instrument with which local climate change action can be continuously evaluated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This conference contribution will present results from the measurement campaign so far (2018-2019). In addition to discussing the early-indicator function of these data and the scope for improving emissions inventories, the presentation will demonstrate how these measurements can be directly used to evaluate local mitigation measures. In particular, analyses of the 30-minute fluxes against local activity/proxy data will show how the performance of measures seeking to reduce CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions from road traffic and space heating can be inferred.&lt;/p&gt;

Influence ranking of road segments in urban road traffic networks

Computing ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (11) ◽  
pp. 2333-2360
Author(s):  
Tarique Anwar ◽  
Chengfei Liu ◽  
Hai L. Vu ◽  
Md. Saiful Islam ◽  
Dongjin Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Networks ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Road Segments ◽  
Road Traffic Networks

scholarly journals Greenhouse gas emissions from the water–air interface of a grassland river: a case study of the Xilin River

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Hao ◽  
Yu Ruihong ◽  
Zhang Zhuangzhuang ◽  
Qi Zhen ◽  
Lu Xixi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Sand Land ◽  
Very High

AbstractGreenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rivers and lakes have been shown to significantly contribute to global carbon and nitrogen cycling. In spatiotemporal-variable and human-impacted rivers in the grassland region, simultaneous carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emissions and their relationships under the different land use types are poorly documented. This research estimated greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4, N2O) emissions in the Xilin River of Inner Mongolia of China using direct measurements from 18 field campaigns under seven land use type (such as swamp, sand land, grassland, pond, reservoir, lake, waste water) conducted in 2018. The results showed that CO2 emissions were higher in June and August, mainly affected by pH and DO. Emissions of CH4 and N2O were higher in October, which were influenced by TN and TP. According to global warming potential, CO2 emissions accounted for 63.35% of the three GHG emissions, and CH4 and N2O emissions accounted for 35.98% and 0.66% in the Xilin river, respectively. Under the influence of different degrees of human-impact, the amount of CO2 emissions in the sand land type was very high, however, CH4 emissions and N2O emissions were very high in the artificial pond and the wastewater, respectively. For natural river, the greenhouse gas emissions from the reservoir and sand land were both low. The Xilin river was observed to be a source of carbon dioxide and methane, and the lake was a sink for nitrous oxide.

PSVIII-19 Greenhouse gas emissions from beef cattle production in Brazil: how we can mitigate from animal operations?

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 430-430
Author(s):  
Andre Pastori D Aurea ◽  
Abmael S da Silva Cardoso ◽  
Lauriston Bertelli Fernandes ◽  
Ricardo Andrade Reis ◽  
Luis Eduardo Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Beef Cattle Production ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Equivalent

Abstract In Brazil beef cattle production is one of the most important activities in the agricultural sector and has an important impact on environmental and resources consumption. In this study assessed greenhouses gases (GHG) impacts from on farms representative productive system and the possible improvements of the production chain. Primary data from animal production index and feeding were collected from 17 farms, which covers 300.000 animals and 220.000 hectares. Emissions of methane, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide were made using intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) guidelines for national inventories. The GHG inventory included emissions from animals, feeds and operations for animal operation from “cradle to farm gate”. Emissions of each farm were converted to carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq) and divided by carcass production. Regression analysis between carbon dioxide equivalent and productive index was run to identify possible hotspot of GHG emissions. A large variation between farms were observed. The GHG yield ranged from 8.63 kg to 50.88 CO2eq kg carcass-1. The productive index age of slaughtering (P &lt; 0.0001), average daily gain (P &lt; 0.0001) and productivity (P = 0.058) per area were positive correlated to GHG yield. While no correlation was found with stocking rate (P = 0.21). Improvements of the production chain could be realized by accurate animal management strategies that reduce the age of slaughtering (feeding and genetic improvements) and gain individual or per area using strategic animal supplementation and pasture management, in order to obtains reduction of GHG emissions of beef cattle.

Variation in the respiratory quotient of birds and implications for indirect calorimetry using measurements of carbon dioxide production

1995 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Walsberg ◽  
B Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Accurate Estimation

Determination of animal power consumption by indirect calorimetry relies upon accurate estimation of the thermal equivalent of oxygen consumed or carbon dioxide produced. This estimate is typically based upon measurement or assumption of the respiratory quotient (RQ), the ratio of CO2 produced to O2 consumed. This ratio is used to indicate the mixture of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins in the metabolic substrate. In this analysis, we report the RQ for two bird species, Passer domesticus and Auriparus flaviceps, under several dietary and fasting regimes. RQ commonly differed substantially from those typically assumed in studies of energy metabolism and often included values below those explainable by current knowledge. Errors that could result from these unexpected RQ values can be large and could present the primary limit to the accuracy of power consumption estimates based upon measurement of carbon dioxide production.

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