scholarly journals Sustainability and Resilience in Smart City Planning: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Leonardo Juan Ramirez Lopez ◽  
Angela Ivette Grijalba Castro
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Environmental Planning ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Meta Analyses

Urban planning is recognized as an interaction between the state and society, which aims to articulate public policies in the territory, facilitating their administration in favor of greater development and well-being of society. However, this interaction becomes complex because consumption demands increase, and the carrying capacity of the urban ecosystem to supply them is exceeded, hindering its sustainable functionality. With this overview, it becomes relevant to study urban planning from a sustainable environmental planning perspective, based on four topics: urban planning, sustainability, resilience, and smart cities, which are developed throughout the document by means of a chronological study. A bibliometric study was used through a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) adjustment to 87 articles, supported by VOSviewer®, which allowed for the construction and visualization of the co-occurrence networks of key words extracted from the selected articles. Likewise, 16 documents more were used for the co-occurrence analysis. The main result is to consider cities with a complex systems approach that works like a gear; the relationship between inter-urban and intra-urban processes is the key factor that allows for an understanding of their synchronization; therefore, deepening of each of these topics is crucial to the ideal of a territorial administration involving time scales and adaptive cycles, allowing for the provision of new tools for concepts such as carrying capacity and the measurement of the ecological footprint.

scholarly journals Sustainability and Resilience in Smart City Planning: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Juan Ramirez Lopez ◽  
Angela Ivette Grijalba Castro
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Environmental Planning ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Adaptive Cycles

Urban planning is recognized as an interaction between the state and society, which aims to articulate public policies in the territory, facilitating their administration in favor of greater development and well-being of society. However, this interaction becomes complex because consumption demands increase, and the needs of the community exceed the capacity of the urban ecosystem to supply them, hindering its sustainable functionality. With this panorama, it becomes relevant to study urban planning from a sustainable environmental planning perspective, based on four topics: urban planning, sustainability, resilience and smart cities. The methodology used is based on a bibliometric study through a PRISMA adjustment to 87 articles, supported by VOSviewer® to construct and visualize the co-occurrence networks of important terms extracted from a body of scientific literature. The main result is to consider cities with a complex systems approach that works like a gear, that is, there is a connective element between inter- and intra-urban processes. This relationship is the key factor that allows understanding their synchronization, stating that the deepening of each of these topics is crucial to the ideal of a territorial administration through time scales, by means of adaptive cycles, allowing to provide new tools to concepts such as carrying capacity and the measurement of the environmental footprint.

scholarly journals From City- to Site-Dimension: Assessing the Urban Ecosystem Services of Different Types of Green Infrastructure

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycia Brzoska ◽  
Aiga Spāģe
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Scale Structures

Cities have a wide variety of green infrastructure types, such as parks and gardens. These structures can provide important ecosystem services (ES) with a major impact on human well-being. With respect to urban planning, special consideration must be given to such green infrastructure types when implementing measures to maintain and enhance the quality of life. Therefore, generating knowledge on the urban ES of differently scaled green infrastructure types is important. This systematic literature review provides an overview of existing studies which have explicitly investigated the urban ES of differently spatial-scaled green infrastructure types. By reviewing 76 publications, we confirm rising academic interest in this topic. The most frequently assessed urban ES belong to the category Regulating and Maintenance. Only a few have considered individual small structures such as green roofs or single gardens; green spaces are often aggregated into one, mostly city-wide, object of investigation, with resulting oversimplifications. Moreover, generalizing methods are mostly applied. Simultaneously, many studies have applied methods to evaluate location-specific primary data. More research is needed on small-scale structures, in particular to consider site-, and thus location-specific, parameters in order to successfully implement the ES concept into urban planning and to obtain realistic results for ES assessments.

Smart Cities and Municipal Building Regulation for Energy Efficiency

2019 ◽  
pp. 1281-1305
Author(s):  
Eleonora Riva Sanseverino ◽  
Gianluca Scaccianoce ◽  
Valentina Vaccaro ◽  
Maurizio Carta ◽  
Raffaella Riva Sanseverino
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Regulations ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Minimum Requirements

The “Smart Cities & Communities Initiative” of the Strategic Energy Technology Plan is the strategic European response to lead cities and regions to a carbon free future. In this contest energy efficiency in buildings has a crucial role and must be considered in a holistic approach to the urban planning. In order to implement the minimum requirements stated by the European Directive about the Energy Performance of Buildings, and in order to consider different planning layers with the view to a smart city planning, local regulations are a key factor aiming at sustainable territorial planning. This paper investigates the possibility to draft a basic structure of Municipal Building Regulations in order to guide local administrators and technicians and to limit discretionary power of bureaucracy. The paper is organized as follows. First, a review of the most common practices for building regulations in Europe is proposed, then the basic structure of a municipal building regulation for the city of Palermo (Southern Italy) accounting for sustainability is discussed.

Traditional Urban Planning Approaches and Sustainable City

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Syful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
City Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City ◽  
Planning Approaches

The quality of city life and well being of city dwellers is central goal of urban planning approaches. Nevertheless, unsystematic and short-term planning approaches of cities have produced incomprehensible sprawl, which deteriorates social, economic and ecological sustainability of the city. The need to alleviate or remove these problems systematically for improving the social, ecological, spatial and economical components of the city is contemporary issue, though most of the planning systems do not yet explicitly address those issues of sustainability. This paper considers Urban planning as a key term as it has the capability to reveal the implications of land use strategies, policies and programmes for the social, economic and physical components of environment. In addition, all the traditional urban planning approaches have outlined to explore their soundness in the sustainable city planning, discuss the main approach followed for sustainable city planning, and outline emerging approach in both theory and sustainable city planning practice.

scholarly journals GEOMATICS FOR SMART CITIES: OBTAINING THE URBAN PLANNING BAF INDEX FROM EXISTING DIGITAL MAPS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B2 ◽  
pp. 689-694
Author(s):  
V. Casella ◽  
M. Franzini ◽  
R. De Lotto
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
City Management ◽  
Soil Permeability ◽  
Specific Point ◽  
Digital Maps ◽  
Digital Cartography ◽  
The City

The <i>urban analytics</i> expression is spreading out. To our understanding, it deals with the capability of <i>measuring</i> cities and their communities, as a support to their effective planning and management. In other words, being an analytically well-known city is a precondition for pursuing smartness. Urban planning is a very important item for city management and is interrelated with many layers, including urban environmental quality, air quality and well-being. Effective urban planning is based on the knowledge of quantitative parameters such as the <i>biotope area factor</i> (BAF), which was originally proposed for the city of Berlin and is currently used in other cities. The BAF index is used to evaluate the degree of soil permeability and measures, to a certain extent and from a specific point of view, how a city is eco-friendly. The usual way of evaluating the BAF is based on the manual construction of dedicated maps, using existing orthophotos and oblique imagery as a support. But this method is expensive, time-consuming and non-objective, as it is prone to different interpretations. The paper presents a newly-developed methodology for calculating the BAF. It is based on the use of existing digital cartography and on the application of geoprocessing techniques from GIS science: it is therefore fully automated and objective. The Pavia city (Northern Italy) is used as a testsite and a careful validation of the developed methodology is carried out, by comparison to 12 manually surveyed test areas, corresponding to 5% of the built-up areas of the municipality.

Recovering the Urban Past for Equitable Present and Future Social Recovery

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-158
Author(s):  
Ian Morley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Space ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Public Parks ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Social Recovery

A multitude of determinants influence the urban planning process. Yet, in the contemporary context of an ongoing pandemic causing infirmity and death in more than 1,500 cities, how can examples of urban planning from history, namely ones that sought to boost public health, (re)shape the current urban planning paradigm? Is there a need in the light of the global impact of Covid-19 to re-evaluate the value of past planning models and so, in accordance, rethink present-day urban density management and public space creation? In consequence, this paper puts forward an overview of how city planning and public health have historically interlinked, albeit with reference to 19th century Britain and the establishment of public parks. Used communally by assorted social groups such green spaces were considered to be crucial for physical and mental health. Crucially too, these open areas are still a fundamental element of the 21st century British cityscape and, arguably, as part of the present and future social recovery from Covid-19, will play a vital role in public life and well-being.

Smart Cities and Municipal Building Regulation for Energy Efficiency

2019 ◽  
pp. 509-535
Author(s):  
Eleonora Riva Sanseverino ◽  
Gianluca Scaccianoce ◽  
Valentina Vaccaro ◽  
Maurizio Carta ◽  
Raffaella Riva Sanseverino
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Regulations ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Minimum Requirements

The “Smart Cities & Communities Initiative” of the Strategic Energy Technology Plan is the strategic European response to lead cities and regions to a carbon free future. In this contest energy efficiency in buildings has a crucial role and must be considered in a holistic approach to the urban planning. In order to implement the minimum requirements stated by the European Directive about the Energy Performance of Buildings, and in order to consider different planning layers with the view to a smart city planning, local regulations are a key factor aiming at sustainable territorial planning. This paper investigates the possibility to draft a basic structure of Municipal Building Regulations in order to guide local administrators and technicians and to limit discretionary power of bureaucracy. The paper is organized as follows. First, a review of the most common practices for building regulations in Europe is proposed, then the basic structure of a municipal building regulation for the city of Palermo (Southern Italy) accounting for sustainability is discussed.

scholarly journals Exploring the smart-natural city interface; re-imagining and re-integrating urban planning and governance

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Michael Grace ◽  
Alister J. Scott ◽  
Jonathan P. Sadler ◽  
David G. Proverbs ◽  
Nick Grayson
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Design Integration

Globally, urban planners and decision makers are pursuing place-based initiatives to develop and enhance urban infrastructure to optimise city performance, competitiveness and sustainability credentials. New discourses associated with big data, Building Information Modelling, SMART cities, green and biophilic thinking inform research, policy and practice agendas to varying extents.  However, these discourses remain relatively isolated as much city planning is still pursued within traditional sectoral silos hindering integration.  This research explores new conceptual ground at the Smart – Natural City interface within a safe interdisciplinary opportunity space.  Using the city of Birmingham UK as a case study, a methodology was developed championing co-design, integration and social learning to develop a conceptual framework to navigate the challenges and opportunities at the Smart-Natural city interface. An innovation workshop and supplementary interviews drew upon the insights and experiences of 25 experts leading to the identification of five key spaces for the conceptualisation and delivery at the Smart-Natural city interface. At the core is the space for connectivity; surrounded by spaces for visioning, place-making, citizen-led participatory learning and monitoring. The framework provides a starting point for improved discussions, understandings and negotiations to cover all components of this particular interface. Our results show the importance of using all spaces within shared narratives; moving towards ‘silver-green’ and living infrastructure and developing data in response to identified priorities. Whilst the need for vision has dominated traditional urban planning discourses we have identified the need for improved connectivity as a prerequisite.  The use of all 5 characteristics collectively takes forward the literature on socio-ecological-technological relationships and heralds significant potential to inform and improve city governance frameworks, including the benefits of a transferable deliberative and co-design method that generates ownership with a real stake in the outcomes.

scholarly journals Smart City Planning

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrik Ekman
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Complexity Theory ◽  
Smart City ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
The Face ◽  
The City

This article reflects on the challenges for urban planning posed by the emergence of smart cities in network societies. In particular, it reflects on reductionist tendencies in existing smart city planning. Here the concern is with the implications of prior reductions of complexity which have been undertaken by placing primacy in planning on information technology, economical profit, and top-down political government. Rather than pointing urban planning towards a different ordering of these reductions, this article argues in favor of approaches to smart city planning via complexity theory. Specifically, this article argues in favor of approaching smart city plans holistically as topologies of organized complexity. Here, smart city planning is seen as a theory and practice engaging with a complex adaptive urban system which continuously operates on its potential. The actualizations in the face of contingency of such potential are what might have the city evolve over time, its organization, its wholeness, and its continued existence being at stake from moment to moment.

scholarly journals Exploring the smart-natural city interface; re-imagining and re-integrating urban planning and governance

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Michael Grace ◽  
Alister J. Scott ◽  
Jonathan P. Sadler ◽  
David G. Proverbs ◽  
Nick Grayson
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Design Integration

Globally, urban planners and decision makers are pursuing place-based initiatives to develop and enhance urban infrastructure to optimise city performance, competitiveness and sustainability credentials. New discourses associated with big data, Building Information Modelling, SMART cities and green or biophilic thinking inform research, policy and practice agendas to varying extents.  However, these discourses remain relatively isolated as much city planning is still pursued within traditional sectoral silos hindering integration.  This research explores new conceptual ground at the Smart – Natural City interface within a safe new interdisciplinary opportunity space.  Using the city of Birmingham UK as a case study, a methodology was developed championing co-design, integration and social learning to develop a conceptual framework to navigate the challenges and opportunities at the Smart-Natural city interface. An innovation workshop and supplementary interviews drew upon the insights and experiences of 25 experts leading to the identification of five key spaces for the conceptualisation and delivery at the Smart-Natural city interface. At the core is the space for connectivity; surrounded by spaces for visioning, place-making, citizen-led participatory learning and monitoring. The framework provides a starting point for improved discussions, understandings and negotiations to cover all components of this particular interface. Our results show the importance of using all spaces within shared narratives; moving towards ‘silver-green’ and living infrastructure and developing data in response to identified priorities. Whilst the need for vision has dominated traditional urban planning discourses we have identified the need for improved connectivity as a prerequisite.  The use of all 5 characteristics collectively takes forward the literature on socio-ecological-technological relationships and heralds significant potential to inform and improve city governance frameworks, including the benefits of a transferable deliberative and co-design method that generates ownership with a real stake in the outcomes.

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