scholarly journals Exploring the smart-natural city interface; re-imagining and re-integrating urban planning and governance

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Michael Grace ◽  
Alister J. Scott ◽  
Jonathan P. Sadler ◽  
David G. Proverbs ◽  
Nick Grayson
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Design Integration

Globally, urban planners and decision makers are pursuing place-based initiatives to develop and enhance urban infrastructure to optimise city performance, competitiveness and sustainability credentials. New discourses associated with big data, Building Information Modelling, SMART cities and green or biophilic thinking inform research, policy and practice agendas to varying extents.  However, these discourses remain relatively isolated as much city planning is still pursued within traditional sectoral silos hindering integration.  This research explores new conceptual ground at the Smart – Natural City interface within a safe new interdisciplinary opportunity space.  Using the city of Birmingham UK as a case study, a methodology was developed championing co-design, integration and social learning to develop a conceptual framework to navigate the challenges and opportunities at the Smart-Natural city interface. An innovation workshop and supplementary interviews drew upon the insights and experiences of 25 experts leading to the identification of five key spaces for the conceptualisation and delivery at the Smart-Natural city interface. At the core is the space for connectivity; surrounded by spaces for visioning, place-making, citizen-led participatory learning and monitoring. The framework provides a starting point for improved discussions, understandings and negotiations to cover all components of this particular interface. Our results show the importance of using all spaces within shared narratives; moving towards ‘silver-green’ and living infrastructure and developing data in response to identified priorities. Whilst the need for vision has dominated traditional urban planning discourses we have identified the need for improved connectivity as a prerequisite.  The use of all 5 characteristics collectively takes forward the literature on socio-ecological-technological relationships and heralds significant potential to inform and improve city governance frameworks, including the benefits of a transferable deliberative and co-design method that generates ownership with a real stake in the outcomes.

scholarly journals Exploring the smart-natural city interface; re-imagining and re-integrating urban planning and governance

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Michael Grace ◽  
Alister J. Scott ◽  
Jonathan P. Sadler ◽  
David G. Proverbs ◽  
Nick Grayson
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Design Integration

Globally, urban planners and decision makers are pursuing place-based initiatives to develop and enhance urban infrastructure to optimise city performance, competitiveness and sustainability credentials. New discourses associated with big data, Building Information Modelling, SMART cities, green and biophilic thinking inform research, policy and practice agendas to varying extents.  However, these discourses remain relatively isolated as much city planning is still pursued within traditional sectoral silos hindering integration.  This research explores new conceptual ground at the Smart – Natural City interface within a safe interdisciplinary opportunity space.  Using the city of Birmingham UK as a case study, a methodology was developed championing co-design, integration and social learning to develop a conceptual framework to navigate the challenges and opportunities at the Smart-Natural city interface. An innovation workshop and supplementary interviews drew upon the insights and experiences of 25 experts leading to the identification of five key spaces for the conceptualisation and delivery at the Smart-Natural city interface. At the core is the space for connectivity; surrounded by spaces for visioning, place-making, citizen-led participatory learning and monitoring. The framework provides a starting point for improved discussions, understandings and negotiations to cover all components of this particular interface. Our results show the importance of using all spaces within shared narratives; moving towards ‘silver-green’ and living infrastructure and developing data in response to identified priorities. Whilst the need for vision has dominated traditional urban planning discourses we have identified the need for improved connectivity as a prerequisite.  The use of all 5 characteristics collectively takes forward the literature on socio-ecological-technological relationships and heralds significant potential to inform and improve city governance frameworks, including the benefits of a transferable deliberative and co-design method that generates ownership with a real stake in the outcomes.

scholarly journals Managing Borders During Public Health Emergencies of International Concern: A Proposed Typology of Cross-border Health Measures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelley Lee ◽  
Karen A Grépin ◽  
Catherine Worsnop ◽  
Summer Marion ◽  
Julianne Piper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
World Health ◽  
Border Health ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Starting Point

Abstract BackgroundThe near universal adoption of cross-border health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide has prompted significant debate about their effectiveness and compliance with international law. The number of measures used, and the range of measures applied, have far exceeded previous public health emergencies of international concern. However, efforts to advance research, policy and practice to support their effective use has been hindered by a lack of clear and consistent definition. ResultsBased on a review of existing datasets for cross-border health measures, such as the Oxford Coronavirus Government Response Tracker and World Health Organization Public Health and Social Measures, along with analysis of secondary and grey literature, we propose six categories to define measures more clearly and consistently – type of movement (travel and trade), policy goal, level of jurisdiction, use by public versus private sector, stage of journey, and degree of restrictiveness. These categories are then be brought together into a proposed typology that can support research with generalizable findings and comparative analyses across jurisdictions. The typology facilitates evidence-informed decision-making which takes account of policy complexity including trade-offs and externalities. Finally, the typology can support efforts to strengthen coordinated global responses to outbreaks and inform future efforts to revise the WHO International Health Regulations (2005). ConclusionsThe widespread use of cross-border health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted significant reflection on available evidence, previous practice and existing legal frameworks. The typology put forth in this paper aims to provide a starting point for strengthening research, policy and practice.

scholarly journals THE JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGY: SOCIAL SCIENCES: GLOBAL SCHOLARSHIP CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S195-S196
Author(s):  
Deborah Carr
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Gerontological Research ◽  
Parallel Data ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Cross National

Abstract Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences aims to publish the highest quality social scientific research on aging and the life course in the U.S. and worldwide. The disciplinary scope is broad, encompassing scholarship from demography, economics, psychology, public health, and sociology. A key substantive focus is identifying the social, economic, and cultural contexts that shape aging experiences worldwide. In the coming decade, social gerontology research is poised to present many opportunities for cross-national and cross-cultural scholarship – driven in part by the proliferation of large parallel data sets from many nations in Europe, Latin America, and Asia. I will discuss the role that peer-reviewed cross-national scholarship can play in disseminating knowledge that informs gerontological research, policy, and practice internationally. I will also identify under-researched areas that will be of great interest to scholars in the coming decade, including LGBT older adults, aging in the Global South, reconfigured families, and centenarians.

scholarly journals REMOTE SENSING UAV/DRONE TECHNOLOGY AS A TOOL FOR URBAN DEVELOPMENT MEASURES IN APCRDA

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W13 ◽  
pp. 525-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Preethi Latha ◽  
K. Naga Sundari ◽  
S. Cherukuri ◽  
M. V. V. S. V. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Building Information

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Now-a-days, collecting accurate and meaningful information about the urban localities/environment with the maximum efficiency in terms of cost and time has become more relevant for urban, rural and city level development planning and administration. This work presents a technical procedure for automatic extraction of building information and characterization of different urban building types within the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority (APCRDA) jurisdiction areas using UAVs. The methodology consists of a number of sequential processes of acquisition and generation of high resolution Orthomosaic images, creation of 3D point cloud data, and image classification algorithm for feature extraction using exclusively the geometric coordinates. The main parameters of the urban structures/buildings assessed in this work are site area of the building, built-up area, and building dimensions, building setbacks and building height. Different geometric and appropriate metrics were automatically extracted for each of the elements, defining the urban typology. In this study, residential and commercial buildings were considered for the analysis and the measurements from Drone were validated with respective approved plans and manual inspections and showed positive results with threshold parameters like setbacks and height as per building bye-laws of Andhra Pradesh Government Order (G.O) 119. Based on the results, measurements from Drone are used for the buildings occupancy permissions following the State government building rules. This automated system would replace physical inspections and manual reports and significantly reduce costs and improve efficiency. As an important component in this pilot study, visualisation of the building information were represented / displayed on a web application in an interactive mode. This added value of UAV technology with an automated system in comparison with traditional ways provides geospatial information and can also be considered as an essential Earth Observation indicator which has the potential to lead to next generation Urban Information Services and in the Smart cities development. The considerable potential use of these indicators in urban planning and development offers an opportunity in appropriate decision making in day to day urban planning measures.</p>

scholarly journals DIGITAL TWIN FOR INDOOR DISASTER IN SMART CITY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2022 ◽  
Vol XLVI-4/W3-2021 ◽  
pp. 315-322
Author(s):  
S. Shaharuddin ◽  
K. N. Abdul Maulud ◽  
S. A. F. Syed Abdul Rahman ◽  
A. I. Che Ani
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Environmental Disaster ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Recent Developments

Abstract. Technology has advanced and progressed tremendously, and the term city is being elevated to a new level where the smart city has been introduced globally. Recent developments in the concept of smart city have led to a renewed interest in Digital Twin. Using precise Building Information Modelling (BIM) consolidated with big data and sensors, several attempts have been made to establish digital twin smart cities. In recent years, several researchers have sought to determine the capability of smart city and digital twin for various taxonomies such as development and urban planning purposes, built environment, manufacturing, environmental, disaster management, and healthcare. Despite being beneficial in many disciplines, especially in manufacturing, built environment, and urban planning, these existing studies have shown a lack of aspect in terms of emergency or disaster-related as opposed to the elements mentioned above. This is because the researcher has not treated emergencies or disasters in much detail. Therefore, an extensive review on smart city, digital twin, BIM and disaster management and technology that revolves around these terms were summarised. In general, 39 articles from prominent multidisciplinary databases were retrieved over the last two decades based on the suggested PRISMA workflow. These final articles were analysed and categorised into four themes based on the research content, gist, and keywords. Based on the review of 39 articles related to smart city, digital twin and BIM, a workflow for the smart city digital twin and the conceptual framework for indoor disaster management was proposed accordingly. The establishment of smart city digital twins solely for an indoor emergency can be beneficial to urbanites, and it could provide numerous benefits for enhanced situation assessment, decision making, coordination, and resource allocation.

scholarly journals Sustainability and Resilience in Smart City Planning: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Leonardo Juan Ramirez Lopez ◽  
Angela Ivette Grijalba Castro
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Environmental Planning ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Meta Analyses

Urban planning is recognized as an interaction between the state and society, which aims to articulate public policies in the territory, facilitating their administration in favor of greater development and well-being of society. However, this interaction becomes complex because consumption demands increase, and the carrying capacity of the urban ecosystem to supply them is exceeded, hindering its sustainable functionality. With this overview, it becomes relevant to study urban planning from a sustainable environmental planning perspective, based on four topics: urban planning, sustainability, resilience, and smart cities, which are developed throughout the document by means of a chronological study. A bibliometric study was used through a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) adjustment to 87 articles, supported by VOSviewer®, which allowed for the construction and visualization of the co-occurrence networks of key words extracted from the selected articles. Likewise, 16 documents more were used for the co-occurrence analysis. The main result is to consider cities with a complex systems approach that works like a gear; the relationship between inter-urban and intra-urban processes is the key factor that allows for an understanding of their synchronization; therefore, deepening of each of these topics is crucial to the ideal of a territorial administration involving time scales and adaptive cycles, allowing for the provision of new tools for concepts such as carrying capacity and the measurement of the ecological footprint.

Digital workflows vs. spatial structures design

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Luczkowski ◽  
Steinar Hillersøy Dyvik ◽  
John Haddal Mork ◽  
Anders Nils Rønnquist
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Parametric Model ◽  
Digital Workflow ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Beam Elements ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Building Information

<p>Digital workflows are already widely used by the designers (architects and engineers) in creating a better Building Information Modelling (BIM) data flow. In the core of this design method is a para- metric model, which thanks to open source software can be easily customized according to the pro- ject or user needs. Shell or gridshell structures are very sensitive on the external loads, due to the low weight and big span. The accuracy and reliability are therefore a crucial point in design. More and more architects are using parametrical models, based on visual programing (like Grasshopper or Dynamo) to develop form of spatial structure. The parametric model in shell design gives a high precision in creating BIM model and is the starting point for the structural analysis. In this paper we will present a design method, in which the parametric model is not only the starting point for struc- tural analysis. Thanks to a well-established digital workflow it can occur, that structural analysis is made simultaneously with architectural form finding of the shell. The digital workflow, developed by our research group is based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). The design methodology is to create two kind of structural analyses. The first one, called global, is using beam elements to inves- tigate the general forces and deformations. The second one, called local, is using solid/volume ele- ments to investigate the connection solution. Thanks to fast information transfer between this two analysis and automation of this process, the architect can achieve information about feasibility of the whole designed structure in real time. To validate our approach the timber gridshell was de- signed. The structure with nontrivial shape and customized each of the 61 nodes, was build in 2016 in Trondheim. The nodes were manufactured with usage of the 3D printing technology.</p>

scholarly journals Aligning research with policy and practice for sustainable agricultural land systems in Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (11) ◽  
pp. 4911-4916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray W. Scown ◽  
Klara J. Winkler ◽  
Kimberly A. Nicholas
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Land Systems

Agriculture is widely recognized as critical to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), but researchers, policymakers, and practitioners have multiple, often conflicting yet poorly documented priorities on how agriculture could or should support achieving the SDGs. Here, we assess consensus and divergence in priorities for agricultural systems among research, policy, and practice perspectives and discuss the implications for research on trade-offs among competing goals. We analyzed the priorities given to 239 environmental and social drivers, management choices, and outcomes of agricultural systems from 69 research articles, the SDGs and four EU policies, and seven agricultural sustainability assessment tools aimed at farmers. We found all three perspectives recognize 32 variables as key to agricultural systems, providing a shared area of focus for agriculture’s contribution to the SDGs. However, 207 variables appear in only one or two perspectives, implying that potential trade-offs may be overlooked if evaluated from only one perspective. We identified four approaches to agricultural land systems research in Europe that omit most of the variables considered important from policy and practice perspectives. We posit that the four approaches reflect prevailing paradigms of research design and data analysis and suggest future research design should consider including the 32 shared variables as a starting point for more policy- and practice-relevant research. Our identification of shared priorities from different perspectives and attention to environmental and social domains and the functional role of system components provide a concrete basis to encourage codesigned and systems-based research approaches to guide agriculture’s contribution to the SDGs.

scholarly journals Sustainability and Resilience in Smart City Planning: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Juan Ramirez Lopez ◽  
Angela Ivette Grijalba Castro
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Environmental Planning ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Adaptive Cycles

Urban planning is recognized as an interaction between the state and society, which aims to articulate public policies in the territory, facilitating their administration in favor of greater development and well-being of society. However, this interaction becomes complex because consumption demands increase, and the needs of the community exceed the capacity of the urban ecosystem to supply them, hindering its sustainable functionality. With this panorama, it becomes relevant to study urban planning from a sustainable environmental planning perspective, based on four topics: urban planning, sustainability, resilience and smart cities. The methodology used is based on a bibliometric study through a PRISMA adjustment to 87 articles, supported by VOSviewer&reg; to construct and visualize the co-occurrence networks of important terms extracted from a body of scientific literature. The main result is to consider cities with a complex systems approach that works like a gear, that is, there is a connective element between inter- and intra-urban processes. This relationship is the key factor that allows understanding their synchronization, stating that the deepening of each of these topics is crucial to the ideal of a territorial administration through time scales, by means of adaptive cycles, allowing to provide new tools to concepts such as carrying capacity and the measurement of the environmental footprint.

scholarly journals Reducing Obesity Among People With Disabilities

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Fox ◽  
Mary Helen Witten ◽  
Carolyn Lullo
Keyword(s):  
Research Policy ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Promising Practices ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Constant Pain ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Adults And Children

Achieving healthy weight for people with disabilities in the United States is a challenge. Obesity rates for adults and children with disabilities are significantly higher than for those without disabilities, with differences remaining even when controlling for other factors. Reasons for this disparity include lack of healthy food options for many people with disabilities living in restrictive environments, difficulty with chewing or swallowing food, medication use contributing to changes in appetite, physical limitations that can reduce a person’s ability to exercise, constant pain, energy imbalance, lack of accessible environments in which to exercise or fully participate in other activities, and resource scarcity among many segments of the disability population. In order for there to be a coordinated national effort to address this issue, a framework needs to be developed from which research, policy, and practice can emerge. This paper reviews existing literature and presents a conceptual model that can be used to inform such a framework, provides examples of promising practices, and discusses challenges and opportunities moving forward.

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