scholarly journals Fungicide Cost Reduction with Soybean Rust-Resistant Cultivars in Paraguay: A Supply and Demand Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 887
Author(s):  
Yuki Ishikawa-Ishiwata ◽  
Jun Furuya
Keyword(s):  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Soybean Cake ◽  
Financial Losses ◽  
Widespread Dissemination

Soybean rust (SBR) is one of the most serious diseases for Paraguay’s economy. To avoid excessive financial losses due to SBR, farmers utilize fungicides. Increasing fungicide costs are, therefore, becoming a threat to farmers’ incomes. Developing SBR-resistant cultivars is a possible solution to this problem. To investigate the effects of SBR-resistant cultivars on soybean farmers in Paraguay, we constructed a model for the supply and demand of soybeans considering yields, cultivated area, changes in the stock quantity of soybeans, exports of soybeans and soybean products, feed demand for soybean cake and price linkage functions. We established three scenarios: an SBR pandemic in which fungicides become ineffective (Scenario 1) and the adoption of SBR-resistant cultivars in 33% (Scenarios 2) and 75% (Scenarios 3) of cultivated areas. The estimation of these three scenarios demonstrates that SBR-resistant cultivar adoption will significantly reduce current fungicide costs for farmers by 112–253 million United States dollars (USD). The potential benefits of the widespread dissemination of SBR-resistant cultivars are also considered in terms of economic disparities and environmental risks. To establish a more sustainable agricultural industry, earlier dissemination of such cultivars is required.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Contribution of Soybean Rust- Resistant Cultivars to Soybean Production and the Soybean Market in Brazil: A Supply and Demand Model Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Ishikawa Ishiwata ◽  
Jun Furuya
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
The South ◽  
Considerable Decrease ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Supply And Demand Model ◽  
Production Losses

Soybean rust (SBR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi (Sydow & Sydow), has become a serious issue in Brazil. As Brazil is one of the largest soybean-producing and exporting countries in the world, a considerable decrease in soybean production due to SBR would have a significant impact on the global soybean market. SBR-resistant cultivars have been developed to prevent a decrease in soybean production. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of SBR-resistant cultivars on soybean production and the soybean market in Brazil using a supply and demand model. This model consists of functions of yield, cultivated area, exports, and stock changes of soybean and soybean products, demand for soybean products, and price linkages. Five scenarios were simulated to evaluate the economic impact of adopting SBR-resistant cultivars as follows: One without SBR infection, two with serious production losses due to SBR in the south and southeast regions and all the states of Brazil, and two with the adoption of SBR-resistant cultivars in the south and south-east regions and all the states of Brazil. Our simulations suggest that adopting SBR-resistant cultivars reduces the cost of controlling SBR by approximately half and is essential for sustainable soybean production and a stable global soybean market.

scholarly journals E-Commerce Adoption and Growth of SMEs in Uganda

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Wanzu Ibrahim ◽  
Peter Turyakira ◽  
Proscovia M. Katumba
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Business Growth ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Information and communication technologies (ICT), particularly e-Commerce, are considered very important to the growth and competitiveness of businesses globally. SMEs too need to embrace innovative e-commerce strategies if they are to stay competitive, profitable and successful in local and global markets. Increased use of the Internet offers potential benefits to SMEs, such as cost reduction, improved operational efficiencies, access to new customers and enhanced business growth. However, SMEs, particularly in Uganda, have generally been slow in adopting e-commerce. Empirical research into the challenges SMEs in Uganda face in adopting electronic commerce is also limited. This study sought to explore the factors affecting e-commerce adoption among SMEs; and to establish the influence of e-commerce adoption on SMEs’ growth in Uganda. A structured, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 172 owners/managers of SMEs in the Kampala District in Uganda. The empirical results of this study indicate that e-commerce adoption significantly influence the growth of SMEs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Virulence of Phakopsora pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae Isolates

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 708-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Bonde ◽  
S. E. Nester ◽  
C. N. Austin ◽  
C. L. Stone ◽  
R. D. Frederick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
First Time ◽  
The U.S

Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi and recently discovered for the first time in continental United States, has been of concern to the U.S. agricultural industry for more than 30 years. Since little soybean rust resistance is known, and resistance is often difficult to detect or quantitate, we initiated a project to develop a better, more quantitative, method. The methodology determined the average numbers and diameters of uredinia in lesions that developed on leaves of inoculated plants 14 days after inoculation. It was used to compare virulence of P. pachyrhizi isolates from Asia and Australia and P. meibomiae from Puerto Rico and Brazil, collected as many as 30 years earlier, with isolates of P. pachyrhizi recently collected from Africa or South America. Susceptible reactions to P. pachyrhizi resulted in tan-colored lesions containing 1 to 14 uredinia varying greatly in size within individual lesions. In contrast, on these same genotypes at the same time of year, resistance to other P. pachyrhizi isolates was typified by 0 to 6 small uredinia in reddish-brown to dark-brown lesions. Using appropriate rust resistant and rust susceptible genotypes as standards, examination of uredinia 14 days after inoculation allowed quantitative comparisons of sporulation capacities, one measure of susceptibility or resistance to soybean rust. The study verified the presence and ability to detect all known major genes for resistance to soybean rust in the original sources of resistance. It demonstrated that soybean lines derived from the original PI sources, and presumed to possess the resistance genes, in actuality may lack the gene or express an intermediate reaction to the rust pathogen. We suggest that a determination of numbers and sizes of uredinia will detect both major gene and partial resistance to soybean rust.

scholarly journals Cabbage Commodity Agribusiness Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Tonkham Phrommany ◽  
Jessica Philavong
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Marketing System ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Marketing Agency

The purpose of this research is to assess and evaluate the performance of the agribusiness system in relation to the Cabbage crop. The Agribusiness System is comprised of four (four) components: In the first place, there is the upstream agricultural industry. The marketing system that has been established is an ordinary marketing system, meaning that it provides complete autonomy to every marketing agency and producer farmer in the conduct of their individual enterprises. Supply networks for cabbage in general tend to be driven by the dynamics of supply and demand in the market, and are still predominated by conventional supply chains whose primary outlets are traditional marketplaces

1324Reprocessing of electrophysiology catheters in EHRA countries. An EHRA Young EP survey

EP Europace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Duncker ◽  
M Svetlosak ◽  
F Guerra ◽  
K V Nagy ◽  
P Vanduynhoven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Fixed Curve

Abstract Introduction Reprocessing of electrophysiology (EP) catheters in daily routine varies through countries and may depend on national laws, catheter (cath.) models or supplier. Data on reprocessing of EP materials is sparse and remains a matter of controversy. The aim of this study is to collect data on reprocessing usage through EHRA countries. Methods and results A structured online questionnaire comprising 27 questions was distributed among electrophysiologists in EHRA countries. Two-hundred-and-two participants from 34 countries completed the survey (161 males, 36.8 ± 5.8 years old). Overall, 111 (55%) of respondents currently use reprocessed materials and 30 (15%) have used them in the past. Cables, diagnostic cath. with deflectable curve and diagnostic cath. with fixed curve were the most frequently reprocessed materials (87%, 80% and 78% respondents, respectively). Maximum number of times (median) a cath. was usually reprocessed was 6 for diagnostic cath. and 5 for ablation cath. Among potential benefits of reprocessing, cost reduction for the providing hospital (65%), cost reduction for the health provider (42%) and making EP procedure available for more patients (42%) were most frequently reported. Respondents reported a need to change the reprocessed material due to its insufficient functionality in around 15% of cases. They were also concerned about the quality of the reprocessed material (58%), contamination issues (52%) and loss of precision (47%). Nineteen (17%) users of reprocessed EP material reported at least one complication potentially related to the reprocessing during their whole reprocessing experience. Sixty-six (73%) respondents who did not use reprocessed EP material would consider using it in the future. Conclusions Reprocessing of EP material is heterogeneously managed among the EHRA countries, as wide differences are present in terms of national and local regulations, clinical practice and technical aspects. Nonetheless, the current data show that European electrophysiologists consider the use of reprocessed EP material as generally safe and cost-effective.

scholarly journals Simulation analysis of the consequences of shifting the balance of health care: a system dynamics approach

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Taylor ◽  
Brian Dangerfield ◽  
Julian Le Grand
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Unintended Effects ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Feedback Structure ◽  
The Uk

Objectives: The shift in the balance of health care, bringing services 'closer to home', is a well-established trend. This study sought to provide insight into the consequences of this trend, in particular the stimulation of demand, by exploring the underlying feedback structure. Methods: We constructed a simulation model using the system dynamics method, which is specifically designed for the analysis of feedback structure. The model was calibrated to two cases of the shift in cardiac catheterization services in the UK. Data sources included archival data, observations and interviews with senior health care professionals. Key model outputs were the basic trends displayed by waiting lists, average waiting times, cumulative patient referrals, cumulative patient activity and cumulative overall costs. Results: Demand was stimulated in both cases via several different mechanisms. We revealed the roles for clinical guidelines and capacity changes, and the typical responses to imbalances between supply and demand. Our analysis also demonstrated the potential benefits of changing the goals that drive activity by seeking a waiting list goal rather than a waiting time goal. Conclusions: Appreciating the wider consequences of shifting the balance of care is essential if services are to be improved overall. The underlying feedback mechanisms of both intended and unintended effects need to be understood. Using a systemic approach, more effective policies may be designed through coordinated programmes rather than isolated initiatives, which may have only a limited impact.

scholarly journals Environmental risks and power plant suspensions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangsiyu Lu ◽  
Xiaoyan Zhou ◽  
Blake Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
The Past ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Chinese Overseas ◽  
Financial Losses ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Power sector investment is crucial to accelerate a sustainable energy transition, but not all investments are successful. To shed light on investment trends, we examine 1393 Chinese overseas electric power projects spanned around 78 countries over the past two decades. We identify 5% have been cancelled or delayed, with coal and hydro projects having much higher failure rates than solar and wind projects. We find the suspension is associated with technology-specific, georeferenced environmental risks. Coal projects located in more densely populated areas where more people are exposed to air pollutants, in countries with more fatalities from extreme weather events, and in places with environmental protests, are more likely to be suspended. Additionally, hydro projects closer to protected areas have a higher suspension rate. Our results suggest that restraining from investing in environmentally risky projects helps mitigate environmental damages and prevent financial losses due to cancellation and postponement.

Allowing digital piracy for strategic benefits to businesses

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halimin Herjanto ◽  
Sanjaya S. Gaur ◽  
Chayanin Saransomrurtai ◽  
Wee Hock Quik
Keyword(s):  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Network Externality ◽  
Digital Piracy ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Innovation Cost ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Technology Standardization

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the digital piracy literature and present the positive impacts of digital piracy and its benefit to businesses. A great deal of the literature discusses the consequences of digital piracy, but, in most cases, the focus is on the negative consequences. Design/methodology/approach – The authors draw on both the theoretical and empirical academic literature on digital piracy so as to analyze the ways in which digital piracy positively contributes to digital businesses. Findings – The paper provides information on the positive consequences of digital piracy and demonstrates that the benefits include product diffusion, network externality, innovation, cost reduction, an effective promotional and publicity vehicle, and technology standardization. Originality/value – This paper investigates potential benefits of digital piracy and provides insights which may offer a fuller picture of the consequences of digital piracy.

Teletinnitus Program at the VA Gulf Coast Veterans Health Care System

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Constance Hilory Tomberlin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Veterans Health ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Care System

There are a multitude of reasons that a teletinnitus program can be beneficial, not only to the patients, but also within the hospital and audiology department. The ability to use technology for the purpose of tinnitus management allows for improved appointment access for all patients, especially those who live at a distance, has been shown to be more cost effective when the patients travel is otherwise monetarily compensated, and allows for multiple patient's to be seen in the same time slots, allowing for greater access to the clinic for the patients wishing to be seen in-house. There is also the patient's excitement in being part of a new technology-based program. The Gulf Coast Veterans Health Care System (GCVHCS) saw the potential benefits of incorporating a teletinnitus program and began implementation in 2013. There were a few hurdles to work through during the beginning organizational process and the initial execution of the program. Since the establishment of the Teletinnitus program, the GCVHCS has seen an enhancement in patient care, reduction in travel compensation, improvement in clinic utilization, clinic availability, the genuine excitement of the use of a new healthcare media amongst staff and patients, and overall patient satisfaction.

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