scholarly journals Catchworks: A Historical Water-Distribution System on Mountain Meadows in Central Slovakia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1107
Author(s):  
Martina Slámová ◽  
Juraj Hreško ◽  
František Petrovič ◽  
Henrich Grežo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Narrow Channels

Water meadows or flooded meadows are known from many European countries. A historical irrigation system—catchworks—was identified in only one locality in Slovakia. This article brings a methodical approach to the identification of catchworks on mountain slopes. The main aim was to delineate catchworks using terrain and land use geospatial data intended to supplement existing data on catchworks from the field survey. The identification of shallow and narrow channels in the field is difficult, and their detection in a digital terrain model (DTM) and orthomosaic photos is also challenging. A detailed DTM elaborated from laser scanning data was not available. Therefore, we employed break lines of a Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) model created by EUROSENSE Ltd. 2017, Bratislava, Slovakia. to determine microtopographic features on mountain slopes. Orthomosaics with adjusted red (R) green (G) and blue (B) band thresholds (digital numbers) in a time sequence of 16 years (2002–2018) and the Normalized Green-Red Difference Index (NGRDI) (2018) determined vital herbaceous vegetation and higher biomass. In both cases, the vegetation inside wet functional catchworks was differently coloured from the surroundings. In the case of dry catchworks, the identification relied only on microtopography features. The length of catchworks mapped in the field (1939.12 m; 2013) was supplied with potential catchworks detected from geospatial data (2877.18; 2018) and their total length in the study area increased above 59.74% (4816.30 m). Real and potential catchworks predominantly occupied historical grassland (meadows and pastures) (1952–1957) (4430.31; 91.99%). This result corresponds with the findings of foreign studies referring that catchworks on mountain slopes were related to livestock activities. They are important elements of sustainable land use with a water retention function in traditional agricultural landscapes.

scholarly journals Design of Water Distribution System: Appropriateness of Structured System in Large Irrigation Projects in Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Basistha Adhakari
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Command Area ◽  
Irrigation Project ◽  
Irrigation Projects ◽  
Structured System ◽  
Large Irrigation ◽  
Area Development

Many large irrigation projects in Nepal operate under command area development works that emphasize on-farm water distribution and management. These projects have specific design characteristics that were planned to comply with available water resources, climatic conditions, soil type, and water distribution technology. The water distribution technologies differ based on the design needs of each individual project and the design preferences of various foreign consulting firms. This article focuses on the issues of planning and designing water distribution systems of large irrigation systems at the irrigation service delivery level. The layout planning of an irrigation system is an important aspect of design for water distribution, typically guided by hierarchical system. This article also highlights the existing canal hierarchy of these systems and their appropriateness for efficient water distribution. Furthermore, the appropriateness of the structured system is also examined in the Sunsari Morang Irrigation Project. The article concluded with some suggestions for planning and designing command area development works of forthcoming large irrigation projects such as the Sikta Irrigation Project, the Babai Irrigation Project, and the Mahakali Irrigation Project Stage-III.HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water, Energy and EnvironmentIssue: 19Page: 25-30

scholarly journals Study on the irrigation water distribution system developed by Barind Multipurpose Development Authority

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mosiur Rahman ◽  
A.H.M. Kamal ◽  
Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Md. Shafi Uddin Miah
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Buried Pipe

Irrigated agriculture has been playing a vital role for the growth in crop production in Bangladesh. Minor irrigation comprising of shallow tubewells (STWs), deep tubewells (DTWs), hand tubewells (HTWs) and low-lift pumps (LLPs) is a major irrigation system in the country. Poor performance of irrigation is an issue for the expansion of irrigated area. The present study was carried out to examine the conveyance efficiency and rate of irrigation water loss in DTW schemes in Bogra, Thakurgaon and Godagari zones of Barind Management Development Authority. There were various types of water distribution identified in these schemes with including Poly Venyl Chloride (PVC) buried pipe, cement concrete (CC) rectangular, Ferro trapezoidal, Ferro semicircular and rectangular earth drain. The average conveyance efficiency of PVC buried pipe for Bogra, Thakurgaon and Godagari zones ranged from 94.46% to 95.37% and rate of water loss ranged from 5.45% to 9.55% in three study zones. Average conveyance efficiency of CC rectangular for Bogra and Godagari zone ranged from 91.20% and rate of water loss from 6.58% to 9.93%. Average conveyance efficiency of Ferro trapezoid for Bogra and Godagari zone ranged from 87.80% to 90.06% and rate of water loss ranged from 9.94% to 12.21%. Average conveyance efficiency of Ferro semicircle for Bogra and Godagari zone ranged between 88.13% and 86.82% and rate of water loss between 11.59% and 11.68%. Average conveyance efficiency and rate of water loss of rectangular earth drain Godagari zone was 58.66% and 42.29% respectively. About 80% farmers recommended buried pipe irrigation system and about 20% semi-circular channel. The study suggests that the improved water distribution system as developed by BMDA is sustainable to increase productivity of irrigation systems in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbayr.v1i2.10032

scholarly journals The Loss of Landscape Ecological Functionality in the Barcelona Province (1956–2009): Could Land-Use History Involve a Legacy for Current Biodiversity?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enric Tello ◽  
Joan Marull ◽  
Roc Padró ◽  
Claudio Cattaneo ◽  
Francesc Coll
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Total Species Richness

Could past land uses, and the land cover changes carried out, affect the current landscape capacity to maintain biodiversity? If so, knowledge of historical landscapes and their socio-ecological transitions would be useful for sustainable land use planning. We constructed a GIS dataset in 10 × 10 km UTM cells of the province of Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain) for 1956 and 2009 with the changing levels of farming disturbance exerted through the human appropriation of photosynthetic net primary production (HANPP), and a set of landscape ecology metrics to assess the impacts of the corresponding land-use changes. Then, we correlated them with the spatial distribution of total species richness (including vascular plants, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals). The results allow us to characterize the main trends in changing landscape patterns and processes, and explore whether a land-use legacy of many complex agroforest mosaics maintained by the intermediate farming disturbance managed in 1956 could still exist, despite the decrease or disappearance of those mosaics before 2009 due to the combined impacts of agroindustrial intensification (meaning higher HANPP levels), forest transition (meaning lower HANPP levels) and urban sprawl. Statistical analysis reveals a positive impact of the number of larger, less disturbed forest patches, where many protected natural sites have been created in 1956–2009. However, it also confirms that this result has not only been driven by conservation policies and that the distribution of species richness is currently correlated with the maintenance of intermediate levels of HANPP. This suggests that both land-sharing and land-sparing approaches to biodiversity conservation may have played a synergistic role owing to the legacy of complex land cover mosaics of former agricultural landscapes that are now under a serious threat.

scholarly journals Height of Successional Vegetation Indicates Moment of Agricultural Land Abandonment

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Kolecka
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Land Abandonment ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vegetation Height ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Successional Vegetation

One of the major land use and land cover changes in Europe is agricultural land abandonment (ALA) that particularly affects marginal mountain areas. Accurate mapping of ALA patterns and timing is important for understanding its determinants and the environmental and socio-economic consequences. In highly fragmented agricultural landscapes with small-scale farming, subtle land use changes following ALA can be detected with high resolution remotely sensed data, and successional vegetation height is a possible indicator of ALA timing. The main aim of this study was to determine the relationship between successional vegetation height and the timing of agricultural land abandonment in the Budzów community in the Polish Carpathians. Areas of vegetation succession were vectorized on 1977, 1997, and 2009 orthophotomaps, enabling the distinguishing of vegetation encroaching on abandoned fields before and after 1997. Vegetation height in 2012–2014 was determined from digital surface and terrain models that were derived from airborne laser scanning data. The median heights of successional vegetation that started development before and after 1997 were different (6.9 m and 3.2 m, respectively). No significant correlations between successional vegetation height and elevation, slope, aspect, and proximity to forest were found. Thus, the timing of agricultural land abandonment is the most important factor influencing vegetation height, whereas environmental characteristics on this scale of investigation may be neglected.

Implementasi Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) pada Sistem Irigasi Lahan Tadah Hujan

Kilat ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-348
Author(s):  
Abdul Haris ◽  
Trisma Juwita ◽  
Rosida Nur Aziza ◽  
Hengki Sikumbang ◽  
Riki Ruli A. Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Ant Colony Optimization ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Ant Colony ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Distribution Process ◽  
Soil Dryness ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this research is to produce an optimal water distribution system for irrigation of rainfed land. The problem with conventional irrigation systems is that the water distribution process cannot be controlled and monitored automatically and in real time. The impact on water distribution becomes ineffective. The implementation of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is used in research as a method to determine the location or node based on the pheromone pattern of the soil dryness level at the sprinkler nodes to be distributed by the water flow, taking into account the criteria level on the soil as a trend of probability values ​​and determining the nodes according to the needs in the flow water. The results obtained from this study indicate that the data displayed is the level of dryness of each node, the volume of water in the reservoir, and the flow of water flowing. The ACO test shows the sequence of nodes that will be passed after the optimization process of water distribution in a rainfed irrigation system using the ACO method gets an error value calculated by the MAPE method of 43% so that it gets an accuracy value of 57%.

Pedogeochemical indication of sustainable land use at the Privolzhskaya irrigation system (Saratov Region)

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Kust ◽  
S. Yu. Rozov ◽  
G. V. Stoma ◽  
P. V. Andreev
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Saratov Region

scholarly journals Mapping an ancient city with a century of remotely sensed data

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (24) ◽  
pp. E5450-E5458 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Stott ◽  
Søren Munch Kristiansen ◽  
Achim Lichtenberger ◽  
Rubina Raja
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
City Plan ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Multisensor Data

The rapidly growing global population places cultural heritage at great risk, and the encroachment of modern settlement on archaeological sites means that valuable information about how past societies worked and interacted with the environment is lost. To manage and mitigate these risks, we require knowledge about what has been lost and what remains, so we can actively decide what should be investigated and what should be preserved for the future. Remote sensing provides archaeologists with some of the tools we need to do this. In this paper we explore the application of multitemporal, multisensor data to map features and chart the impacts of urban encroachment on the ancient city of Jerash (in modern Jordan) by combining archives of aerial photography dating back to 1917 with state-of-the-art airborne laser scanning. The combined results revealed details of the water distribution system and the ancient city plan. This demonstrates that by combining historical images with modern aerial and ground-based data we can successfully detect and contextualize these features and thus achieve a better understanding of life in a city in the past. These methods are essential, given that much of the ancient city has been lost to modern development and the historical imagery is often our only source of information.

scholarly journals Efisiensi Pemberian Air Pada Jaringan Irigasi Way Bini Kecamatan Waeapo Kabupaten Buru Provinsi Maluku

Agrologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Ar Assagaf ◽  
Charles Silahooy ◽  
Pieter J Kunu ◽  
Silwanus Talakua ◽  
Rudi Soplanit
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Irrigation Water Requirement

Dams irrigation system is important facility to ensure the water availability during rice cultivation. The aim of this study was to verify the condition of Way Bini irrigation system in providing irrigation water and water distribution system to meet the needs of rice cultivation in Savana Jaya Village, Waeapo Subdistrict, Buru District. The research used survey method. The results showed that the irrigation water debit required for appropriate rice cultivtion was 677.16 L/sec (0.68 m3/sec) which was smaller than that of the Way Bini dam; 750 L / s (0.75 m3 / s), while the efficiency of the irrigation water requirement was 70% which was categorized as good to excellent.

scholarly journals How Much Does Water Management Cost? The Case of the Water Market in the Ñuble River of South-Central Chile

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Bratian Buzolic ◽  
José Luis Arumí ◽  
Jorge Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Water Market ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
South Central

Economic and population growth has increased the demand for freshwater worldwide, generating pressure on the environment and creating conflicts among users. Water markets have emerged as a solution for managing this resource, and Chile has been a pioneer in implementing this approach. However, most Chilean water markets are inefficient due to incomplete information, the poor flexibility of the water distribution system, and high transaction costs. This study analyzes the Ñuble River water market and estimates the economic and social costs of its inefficiencies through a methodology based on the marginal profitability of water, which simulates the operation of a perfect market for the Ñuble River irrigation system. Net benefit losses from market inefficiencies were estimated at 7.6 million dollars annually, which is equivalent to a 25% increase in the net returns of the current river water distribution strategy. Losses of economic benefits are even greater as the availability of water flow decreases. This is important considering that in the last decade the water flows of the Ñuble River have decreased by more than 30% compared to their historical average.

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