scholarly journals Challenges and Opportunities in Early Stage Planning of Transport Infrastructure Projects: Environmental Aspects in the Strategic Choice of Measures Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1295
Author(s):  
Sofia Eckersten ◽  
Berit Balfors ◽  
Ulrika Gunnarsson-Östling
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Strategic Choice ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Transport Planning

The Strategic Choice of Measures (SCM) approach aims to integrate different perspectives and identify measures to adapt new infrastructure projects to their local context at an early stage of Swedish transport planning. SCM is a loosely structured framework for collaboration between actors from, e.g., municipalities and the Swedish Transport Administration, in order to facilitate the coordination of transport planning and land use planning. This paper aims to explore the consideration of environmental aspects in early-stage transport planning by analyzing the SCM approach. An explorative research approach is applied based on literature studies, semi-structured interviews, and a focus group interview. The result shows that in the SCM process, environmental aspects such as noise and air pollution generated by road traffic in urban areas, engage the actors, whereas aspects related to landscape and water were perceived as poorly addressed and received less attention. The consideration of environmental aspects in the SCM process is affected by the local and national authorities’ different interests and the competences involved. To consolidate environmental aspects in early transport planning, these aspects need to be explicitly addressed in the SCM guidelines and the link between the SCM and preceding and following planning stages needs to be strengthened.

scholarly journals Estimation of transport flow intensity using geoinformation systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-204
Author(s):  
Victoria Bitykova ◽  
Nikita Mozgunov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
The Road

The main discussion is about methods for assessing the intensity of traffic flows using geoinformation technologies. The intensity of traffic flows is one of the key indicators that determine the emission from transport in urban areas. In Russia, the growth in the volume and share of motor transport in pollution is increasing under the influence of an increase in the number of cars. This is most obvious examples of it are regions of the Central Federal District, but in the regional centers, under the influence of the improvement in the structure of the vehicle park, the growth of pollution is much slower, and in Moscow it has practically stabilized. At the local level, the determining factor of road traffic pollution is the change in the building density and the transport-planning structure. The collection and calculation of indicators that give an idea of the spatial differentiation of emissions from road transport is a very time-consuming stage of the study. The most common method of obtaining information on the transport and environmental situation in the city is directly field data collection. However, this method is quite time consuming for research. In conditions when the transport infrastructure is developing rapidly, the speed of field observations does not allow promptly updating information on changes in the traffic load of the road network and, as a result, assessing the current ecological situation in the territory. As an alternative to the traditional collection of information, modern sources of geoinformation data can be used. The services, originally developed to provide operational monitoring of the traffic situation and the construction of optimal routes, can also serve as a source of data for models for assessing the intensity of traffic load in environmental studies. The proposed technique has been tested at the level of districts and administrative districts of Moscow. The results obtained are compared with control field observations. The relatively low measurement error when using data from information systems is compensated by the possibility of more efficiently obtaining information about the traffic load on the sections of the road network.

scholarly journals Analysis Study of Current Transportation Status in Vietnam’s Urban Traffic and the Transition to Electric Two-Wheelers Mobility

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5577
Author(s):  
Duc Nguyen Huu ◽  
Van Nguyen Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Alternative Means

In Vietnam’s major urban areas, private motorcycles are the main means of transportation that are suitable for socio-economic conditions, current transport infrastructure, and people’s habits. However, in recent years, the negative effects of a large number and high density of motorcycles in urban areas such as traffic congestion and noise and air pollution have resulted in a gradual change in the public’s opinion of private vehicle adoption, especially motorcycles. The public has also urged the authorities to issue policies of limiting or curving the growth in the number of private vehicles powered by fossil fuels in big cities. However, in order to achieve the goal, other alternative means of transport should be proposed to encourage people to move to a more sustainable and eco-friendly form of mobility. The alternatives also should be consistent with the average income level as well as social characteristics. In recent years, along with the development of a highly connected public transport network, efficient and less-polluting vehicles including electric two-wheelers have been emerging, thriving, and drawing more attraction from Vietnamese people and policy makers. The spread in the number of electric two-wheelers in Vietnam’s major cities may be a sign of the transition to a more sustainable and less-polluting means of transport as an alternative to gasoline-powered motorcycles. In this paper, the authors aim to analyze the current road traffic status in Vietnam’s major cities, as well as shed a light on the transition to the greener and more efficient alternative vehicles to motorcycles in Vietnam’s urban traffic. Several recommendations for encouraging this vehicle type development are also important outcomes of this paper.

scholarly journals Road Traffic Injuries: Social Change and Development

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Borowy
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
International Health ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Coordinated Development ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Road Traffic Injuries ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Middle Income Countries

AbstractIn the course of the twentieth century road traffic injuries (RTIs) became a major public health burden. RTI deaths first increased in high-income countries and declined after the 1970s, and they soared in low- and middle-income countries from the 1980s onwards. As motorisation took off in North America and then spread to Europe and to the rest of the world discussions on RTIs have reflected and influenced international interpretations of the costs and benefits of ‘development’, as conventionally understood. Using discourse analysis, this paper explores how RTIs have been constructed in ways that have served regional and global development agendas and how ‘development’ has been (re-)negotiated through the discourse of RTIs and vice versa. For this purpose, this paper analyses a selection of key publications of organisations in charge of international health or transport and places them in the context of (a) the surrounding scientific discussion of the period and (b) of relevant data regarding RTI mortality, development funding, and road and other transport infrastructure. Findings suggest that constructions of RTIs have shifted from being a necessary price to be paid for development to being a sign of development at an early stage or of an insufficiently coordinated development. In recent years, RTI discussions have raised questions about development being misdirected and in need of fundamental rethinking. At present, discussions are believed to be at a crossroads between different evaluations of developmental conceptualisations for the future.

Analysis of Traffic Related Environment Pollution in Indian Cities: Need of the Hour

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
Ankit Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Transport Infrastructure

Urbanisation has led to rapid motorization and un-sustainable growth of transport infrastructure in developing countries like India. This increase in urban sprawl and heavy dependency on automobiles has caused high levels of air pollution. The emissions from road transport are partially responsible for ozone depletion, acid deposition and other climatic changes. In present scenario, the exhaust emissions of road traffic cause a lot of concern about the effects of air quality in urban areas on human health and the production of ozone in the troposphere. Central and State Governments have taken many corrective measures to reduce vehicle emissions. However, the development of scientific methods and rigorous emissions inventory is critical. Therefore, an attempt has been made to explore traffic control strategies to reduce emissions from road transport have been made. For the present study, pollutants are monitored outside for 24 hours (4-hourly sampling of gaseous pollutants like NOX and SOX and 8-hourly sampling of particulate matter) with frequency of two times a week in Jalandhar region in order to have 104 observations per year. The analysis of the data shows that the increase in the Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM) with every passing year and being almost double than the permissible limit. It has been observed that with no or less public transport, more loads has come down on private vehicles and auto rickshaws which lead to increase in traffic congestion and pollution. Hence, it is suggested to implement new strategies and an increase in public transport in order to reduce vehicular emissions.

scholarly journals Bicycles’ Role in Road Accidents a Review of Literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loreta Levulytė ◽  
David Baranyai ◽  
Ádám Török ◽  
Edgar Sokolovskij
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Nearly 1.3 million people die in road crashes each year, on average 3,287 deaths a day. In 2013 in the European Union more than 6 % of all who died in road traffic crashes were cyclists. The number of cyclist killed on roads in the EU has decreased by only 9 %, compared to the total fatality decrease of 18 % from 2010 to 2013. The majority of cyclist fatalities are males (78 %). For the larger countries, Belgium and The Netherlands had the highest proportion of female cyclist fatalities (> 30 %). In general, 55 % of the bicycle fatalities in the EU countries were killed inside urban areas but there are large differences between the countries. In the last couple of years there has been an enormous effort on reduction in cycling fatality numbers across almost all ages in the EU. As a result of this effort, the number of accidents started to slightly decrease. This paper reviews the literature concerning cyclist-motor vehicle collision and road safety management according to the cyclist role in the accident rise. The paper examines pedestrians safety in order to determine what kind of factors of transport infrastructure, vehicle technical parameters, cyclist behavior and road or street category have the influence on cyclist and vehicle accidents and identify technical reasons of the accidents rise. A review is conducted of information in the literature on the injury outcome of a cyclist/vehicle collision for a given impact speed and the likely consequences of reducing the travelling speeds of vehicles in terms of the frequency and severity of cyclist injuries.

Problems of Development of Small and Medium Russian Towns

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
V V. Kafidov ◽  
V. N. Filippov ◽  
I. P. Filippova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
New Buildings

The presented study addresses the problems of development of small and medium towns in Russia. Aim. The study aims to examine a town as a socio-economic environment where its residents exist and as the fundamental factor for the development of society.Tasks. The authors identify key problems in the development of small and medium Russian towns, which interferes with the historical appearance and has a negative impact on the living environment.Methods. Problems in the development of small and medium towns in Russia are examined using theoretical methods: systematic approach, statistical analysis, social and philosophical analysis.Results. The study identifies the main negative effects of the existing model of development of small and medium Russian towns, such as destruction of their historical and cultural appearance, distortion of the overall architectural motif, increased load on communications, and congestion of the transport infrastructure.Conclusions. At the current stage, efficient development of small and medium towns in Russia is impossible within the framework of the existing infill development. This chaotic process cannot be stopped without a new conceptual approach and changes in the legislative and normative framework of urban development. The only factor that determines the boundaries of the existing approach to urban development is the lack of physical space for new buildings in urban areas. The authors formulate proposals that would help to solve the problems of development of small and medium towns in Russia. 

KAJIAN DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN PENUTUPAN LOKALISASI TELEJU OLEH PEMERINTAH KOTA PEKANBARU

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
M. Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Policy Content ◽  
The Government ◽  
Closure Policy ◽  
The Impact

This research to analyze the impact of closure policy Teleju brothel by Pekanbaru govermentin 2010. Guidelines for works are Pekanbaru Local Regulations No. 12 of 2008 on Social Order-liness. Closure this brothel inflicts positive and negative impact for society.The research wasconducted to obtain early stage formula for the government to take action against the prostitu-tion activities. This research uses policy research approach with a qualitative method, becausein prostitution activities and prohibition by goverment is an assessment that needs to be done byanalyzing documents and unstructured interview.The results showed that after the closing of the Teleju brothel have an impact on the deploy-ment of a prostitution and affect the economy of the surrounding residents. Government seeksto tackle prostitution in Pekanbaru by moving the brothel, conduct regular raids and providetraining. The effort is considered to be less than the maximum because the handling is not basedon the root of the problem and not programmed properly. There are several causes of failure ofgovernment to overcome the prostitution problem in Pekanbaru, including: policy content isless focus on the prostitution problem, the government did not proceeds with data, lack of finan-cial support, contra productive programs between local government with the police and TNI,and the policy object is difficult to be given understanding.

Considerations on Ambient Levels of Ozone Concentrations and Relationship with NOx in an Urban Environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 824-829
Author(s):  
Cornel Ianache ◽  
Laurentiu Predescu ◽  
Mirela Predescu ◽  
Dumitru Dumitru
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Weekend Effect ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
Ground Level Ozone ◽  
Ozone Concentrations

The serious air pollution problem has determined public concerns, worldwide. One of the main challenges for countries all over the world is caused by the elevated levels of ground-level ozone (O3) concentrations and its anthropogenic precursors. Ploiesti city, as one of the major urban area of Romania, is facing the same situation. This research aims to investigate spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of O3 in relationship with nitrogen oxides (NOx) using statistical analysis methods. Hourly O3 and NOx measurements were collected during 2014 year in Ploiesti. The results obtained showed that the ozone spatial distribution was non-normal for each month in 2014. The diurnal cycle of ground-level ozone concentrations showed a mid-day peak, while NOx diurnal variations presented 2 daily peaks, one in the morning (7:00 a.m.) and one in the afternoon (between 5:00 and 7:00 p.m.). In addition, it was observed a distinct pattern of weekly variations for O3 and NOx. Like in many other urban areas, the results indicated the presence of the �ozone weekend effect� in Ploiesti during the 2014 year, ozone concentrations being slightly higher on weekends compared to weekdays. For the same monitoring site, the nitrogen oxides were less prevalent on Saturdays and Sundays, probably due to reducing of road traffic and other pollution-generating activities on weekends than during the week.

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