Stakeholder Participation in the Planning and Design of Nature-Based Solutions. Insights from CLEVER Cities Project in Hamburg

Cities are essential players in responding to the present complex environmental and social challenges, such as climate change. The nature-based solution (NbS) concept is identified in the scientific discourse and further recognized by the European Commission as a part of the solution to address such challenges. Deploying NbS in urban contexts requires the cooperation of different public and private stakeholders to manage those processes. In this paper, the experiences of establishing and managing NbS-related processes following a co-creation approach in the city of Hamburg within the framework of an EU-funded research project (CLEVER Cities) are described and analyzed. The paper identifies and discusses the main emerging factors and challenges from (1) a procedural and methodological perspective and (2) concerning the different roles of the diverse stakeholders involved. This discussion is grounded in the context of existing regulations and novel concepts for citizens’ participation in urban decision-making processes. As research results, the article defines the leading players involved in the process and their roles and interrelationships, along with recommendations for future policy agendas in cities when dealing with NbS planning.

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Interactive Landscape Design and Flood Visualisation in Augmented Reality

Multimodal Technologies and Interaction ◽

10.3390/mti3020043 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Adam Tomkins ◽

Eckart Lange

Keyword(s):

Augmented Reality ◽

Stakeholder Participation ◽

Environmental Design ◽

Hard Copy ◽

Design Evaluation ◽

Planning And Design ◽

Interactive Decision Making ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

Augmented Reality Technology ◽

2D And 3D

In stakeholder participation workshops, digital and hard-copy maps, alongside other representation formats in 2D and 3D, are used extensively to support communication, spatial evaluation and interactive decision making processes. In this paper, we present a novel tool to enhance traditional map-based workshop activities using augmented reality. Augmented reality technology is gaining momentum as a tool for visualising environmental design choices in planning and design, and is used in a range of applications including stakeholder participation, design evaluation and flood risk communication. We demonstrate interactive and collaborative 3D cartographic visualisations which enable real-time multi-user exercises in landscape intervention design and flood visualisation.

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Assessing the Potential for Tourism Development

10.4018/978-1-6684-3889-3.ch016 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 259-275

Author(s):

Goretti Silva ◽

Susana Rachão ◽

Alexandra I. Correia ◽

Luís André Soares

Keyword(s):

Assessment Tool ◽

Tourism Development ◽

Public And Private ◽

Sustainable Tourism Development ◽

The North ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

Assessment And Monitoring ◽

Public And Private Stakeholders ◽

Leisure And Recreation

Increasing awareness of the relevance of natural resources for the practice of outdoor leisure and recreation purposes has contributed to the increasing attention upon the assessment and monitoring of the quality of sports spots. As such, evaluating the existing natural conditions and leisure-related infrastructures is crucial, helping public and private stakeholders in decision-making processes. This chapter aims at examining the conditions for surf tourism in the north of Portugal, enabling the monitoring and positioning as an international flagship destination for surf practitioners. This is done through a mixed-methods approach comprising the demand and supply perspectives and supported by an assessment tool developed to evaluate the conditions for the practice of surfing activities within a framework of sustainable tourism development. The relevance of assessing the potential and monitoring of the existing conditions for sport and outdoor activities, namely surf tourism, according to a defined set of attributes, is also discussed.

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Auditing, Attestation, and Financial Reporting for an Early American Charity

Accounting Historians Journal ◽

10.2308/aahj-10536 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 27-46

Author(s):

Michael Braswell ◽

Roger B. Daniels

Keyword(s):

Financial Reporting ◽

Agency Costs ◽

Governance Structure ◽

Social Costs ◽

Limited Resources ◽

Public And Private ◽

Early American ◽

Financial Condition ◽

The City

ABSTRACT Our study examines assurance and attestation practices of the Charleston Orphan House from 1790 to 1825 and represents a response to Alchian and Demsetz's (1972) call for research into the nature of stewardship and agency costs among nonprofits by providing evidence of the largely unexplored early American practices (Moussalli 2008; Sargiacomo and Gomes 2011). We document the origins of the assurance and attestation techniques used to legitimize the Charleston Orphan House and to minimize the agency costs faced by its public and private funders. We find that assurance and attestation practices were reflected in the routine publication of the Committee on Accounts reports that served as vital elements of a governance structure that enabled the municipality and philanthropists to monitor the financial condition of the institution. These oversight efforts helped minimize agency costs that naturally arose between the Orphan House and resource providers, making it possible for the City of Charleston and private funders to efficiently allocate limited resources to mitigate social costs of managing the post-revolutionary orphan problem. Our findings provide new insights into early assurance and attestation practices and support Alchian and Demsetz's (1972) conjecture that nonprofits face similar economic motivations for utilizing financial reporting, auditing, and attestation as monitoring mechanisms as do their profit-seeking counterparts.

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Urban Policies and Large Projects in Central City Areas: The Example of Madrid (Spain)

Urban Science ◽

10.3390/urbansci5020042 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 42

Author(s):

Dolores Brandis García

Keyword(s):

Urban Planning ◽

20Th Century ◽

Large Scale ◽

Central City ◽

Global Market ◽

Late 20Th Century ◽

Public And Private ◽

Urban Policies ◽

Starting Point ◽

The City

Since the late 20th century major, European cities have exhibited large projects driven by neoliberal urban planning policies whose aim is to enhance their position on the global market. By locating these projects in central city areas, they also heighten and reinforce their privileged situation within the city as a whole, thus contributing to deepening the centre–periphery rift. The starting point for this study is the significance and scope of large projects in metropolitan cities’ urban planning agendas since the final decade of the 20th century. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the correlation between the various opposing conservative and progressive urban policies, and the projects put forward, for the city of Madrid. A study of documentary sources and the strategies deployed by public and private agents are interpreted in the light of a process during which the city has had a succession of alternating governments defending opposing urban development models. This analysis allows us to conclude that the predominant large-scale projects proposed under conservative policies have contributed to deepening the centre–periphery rift appreciated in the city.

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An Ecosystem Innovation Framework: Assessing Mobility as a Service in Budapest

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13073753 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 3753

Author(s):

Athena Roumboutsos ◽

Ioanna Pagoni ◽

Athena Tsirimpa ◽

Amalia Polydoropoulou

Keyword(s):

Urban Transport ◽

Decision Makers ◽

First Year ◽

Negative Externalities ◽

Modal Shift ◽

Present Contribution ◽

Public And Private ◽

Document Collection ◽

Smart Mobility ◽

The City

Smart Mobility and the introduction of innovation in the complex and dynamic actor ecosystem of urban transport is faced with the need to manage change in order to secure sustainability and protect against negative externalities. The present contribution provides decision-makers with a tool to assess innovation strategies and monitor change over time. The proposed EcoSystem Innovation Framework (ESIF) is applied to a flagship innovation: Mobility as a Service (MaaS). The application concerns the City of Budapest, a location with highly-utilized resources and low car ownership, in contrast to other locations where MaaS is implemented. The ESIF is constructed through qualitative research (stakeholder workshops, interviews, document collection and analysis) for three (3) points in time: Summer 2018; Summer 2019 and end of 2020 (first year of the COVID-19 pandemic). The ESIF analysis was able to guide decision-makers and highlight potential future trends demonstrating the potential of the ESIF framework. For the City of Budapest, the ESIF highlighted the delicate balance in the promotion of MaaS, as the dichotomy between public and private on-demand mobility may trigger a negative modal shift. The COVID-19 pandemic has enhanced this potential. Despite public sector efforts, market opportunity has surfaced leading to contrasting interests in the ecosystem.

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A Dynamic Information-Based Parking Guidance for Megacities considering Both Public and Private Parking

Journal of Advanced Transportation ◽

10.1155/2017/9452506 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jong-Ho Shin ◽

Namhun Kim ◽

Hong-bae Jun ◽

Duck Young Kim

Keyword(s):

Intelligent Transportation System ◽

Guidance System ◽

Simulation Test ◽

Dynamic Information ◽

Public And Private ◽

Parking Management ◽

Points Of View ◽

Spatial Resources ◽

The City ◽

Infant Stage

The constantly increasing number of cars in the megacities is causing severe parking problems. To resolve this problem, many cities adopt parking guidance system as a part of intelligent transportation system (ITS). However, the current parking guidance system stays in its infant stage since the obtainable information is limited. To enhance parking management in the megacity and to provide better parking guidance to drivers, this study introduces an intelligent parking guidance system and proposes a new methodology to operate it. The introduced system considers both public parking and private parking so that it is designed to maximize the use of spatial resources of the city. The proposed methodology is based on the dynamic information related parking in the city and suggests the best parking space to each driver. To do this, two kinds of utility functions which assess parking spaces are developed. Using the proposed methodology, different types of parking management policies are tested through the simulation. According to the experimental test, it is shown that the centrally managed parking guidance can give better results than individually preferred parking guidance. The simulation test proves that both a driver’s benefits and parking management of a city from various points of view can be improved by using the proposed methodology.

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The role of the nurse in the neonatal intensive care unit: between the ideal, the real and the possible

Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/s0104-11692011000200011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 301-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Liciane Langona Montanholi ◽

Miriam Aparecida Barbosa Merighi ◽

Maria Cristina Pinto de Jesus

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Public And Private ◽

Public And Private Hospitals ◽

The City ◽

Social Phenomenology ◽

The Ideal

The nurse is one of the professionals responsible for the care directed toward the physical, mental and social development of newborns in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. This study aimed to comprehend the experience of nurses working in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Data collection was performed in 2008, through interviews with 12 nurses working in public and private hospitals of the city of São Paulo. The units of meaning identified were grouped into three categories: Developing actions; Perceiving their actions and Expectations. The analysis was based on social phenomenology. It was concluded that the overload of activities, the reduced number of staff, the lack of materials, equipment and the need for professional improvement are the reality of the work of the nurse in this sector. To supervise the care is the possible; integral care of the newborn, involving the parents, is the ideal desired.

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Evaluating the performance of destination marketing systems (DMS): stakeholder perspective

Marketing Intelligence & Planning ◽

10.1108/mip-08-2013-0131 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 208-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Marianna Sigala

Keyword(s):

Performance Evaluation ◽

Destination Marketing ◽

Collaborative Culture ◽

Public And Private ◽

Content Type ◽

Stakeholder Perspective ◽

Marketing Systems ◽

Public And Private Stakeholders ◽

Social Environmental ◽

Nation Wide Survey

Purpose – Destination marketing systems (DMS) represent a vital inter-organisational information system (IOIS) for supporting the collaborative e-marketing strategies of tourism firms and the competitiveness of tourism destinations. However, many DMS have failed to deliver the expected outcomes, while the performance measurement of DMS has not been thoroughly investigated in the literature so far. The study synthesises research from the fields of DMS, IOIS and collaborative practices for investigating the perceptions of various tourism DMS stakeholders about the evaluation of DMS performance. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The study conducted a nation-wide survey for measuring the perceptions of various tourism DMS stakeholders in Greece about the importance of the roles that DMS should serve as well as the items that should be used for measuring the performance of these DMS’ roles. Findings – The findings showed that the public and private stakeholders held different perceptions about the roles of DMS as well as about the metrics that need to be used for evaluating DMS performance. The findings also showed that the perceptions that stakeholders hold about the roles of the DMS influence their perceptions about the performance evaluation of DMS. Research limitations/implications – The findings are based on evaluating a specific type of IOIS and sector/context. Thus, caution is required in generalising the results to other types of IOIS and social/environmental contexts. Practical implications – The study highlighted that the performance and success of DMS, and of IOIS projects in general, require the nurturing of a collaborative culture and the co-ordination of the various stakeholders’ perceptions and interests. Originality/value – The study addresses the gap in DMS performance evaluation and it contributes to the literature about IOIS evaluation by adopting a stakeholders approach.

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Citizen Participation and Machine Learning for a Better Democracy

Digital Government: Research and Practice (DGOV) ◽

10.1145/3452118 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Robert Procter ◽

Miguel Arana-Catania ◽

Felix-Anselm van Lier ◽

Nataliya Tkachenko ◽

Yulan He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Citizen Participation ◽

Language Processing ◽

Information Overload ◽

City Council ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

Development Goals ◽

Democratic Systems ◽

The City

The development of democratic systems is a crucial task as confirmed by its selection as one of the Millennium Sustainable Development Goals by the United Nations. In this article, we report on the progress of a project that aims to address barriers, one of which is information overload, to achieving effective direct citizen participation in democratic decision-making processes. The main objectives are to explore if the application of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and machine learning can improve citizens? experience of digital citizen participation platforms. Taking as a case study the ?Decide Madrid? Consul platform, which enables citizens to post proposals for policies they would like to see adopted by the city council, we used NLP and machine learning to provide new ways to (a) suggest to citizens proposals they might wish to support; (b) group citizens by interests so that they can more easily interact with each other; (c) summarise comments posted in response to proposals; (d) assist citizens in aggregating and developing proposals. Evaluation of the results confirms that NLP and machine learning have a role to play in addressing some of the barriers users of platforms such as Consul currently experience.

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Arm (in de) stad : Medico-sociale uitdagingen voor het OCMW

Res Publica ◽

10.21825/rp.v39i1.18606 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 151-168

Author(s):

H.B. Cools

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Social Security ◽

Social Welfare ◽

Development Projects ◽

Social Challenges ◽

Near Future ◽

The City

This account of poverty and deviance during recent times in the city of Antwerp compares situations of the 1930's with present times. Undoubtedly social security prevented, since the end of the war, that many people feit into poverty. Still in the presence of massive unemployment, public relieve organisations, such as the 0.C.M.W. (Municipal Centre for Health Care and Social Welfare) are more and more confronted with what is called precarity.About 25% of the Antwerp population is estimated to be living in a precair situation. After glancing on the near future and warningfor a number of social challenges, the article insists very much on preventional politics and coordinated total development projects in the depressed areas.

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