scholarly journals Total Investment in Fixed Assets and the Later Stage of Urbanization: A Case Study of Shanghai

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3661
Author(s):  
Yulong Luo ◽  
Can Wang ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Kangle Ding ◽  
Weiliang Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Total Investment ◽  
Infrastructure Investments ◽  
Variance Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Urbanization Rate ◽  
Investment In Fixed Assets

After more than 40 years’ opening-up and reform, China’s urbanization has entered a new type of urbanization. In order to reveal the rule of different infrastructure investments and urbanization relationships, this paper uses Shanghai as a case by applying econometric methods to study the detailed relationship between different indicators from 1990 to 2019. Firstly, we quantify that each variable has a long-term co-integration relationship with urbanization by co-integration test. And we found that the real estate is a main driving force of urbanization while the construction project investment plays an important role in promoting the urbanization rate in the studied period. Secondly, according to the Granger test, our study illustrates that each variable has a bilateral Granger relationship with urbanization while the urbanization rate has more Granger causality impact on the studied variables. Thirdly, based on impulse response test and variance decomposition analysis, we found that urbanization rate with other variables accounts for the majority of the percentage of impacts while the total investment in fixed assets and its three categories contribute a small amount to the urbanization rate. Finally, we propose policy suggestions to strengthen healthy urbanization development in Shanghai.

INFLUENCE OF INVESTMENTS ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE COUNTRY

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Ravshan Mamatov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Production Growth ◽  
Total Investment ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Investment In Fixed Assets

The economic growth of the Republic of Uzbekistan will depend on production factors that contribute to the annual growth of the country's GDP. At the same time, extensive production growth will lead to the implementation of unpromising investments. A growing share of innovation-oriented investments in the total investment in fixed assets in the country will lead to intensive economic growth in the country

scholarly journals Effect of Public Educational Spending and Macroeconomic Uncertainty on Schooling Outcomes: Evidence from Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Risikat Oladoyin Dauda ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Educational Spending ◽  
Macroeconomic Uncertainty ◽  
Variance Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Schooling Outcomes

This study examines the effect of government educational spending and macroeconomic uncertainty on schooling outcomes in Nigeria using the econometric methods of cointegration and error correction mechanism together with the vector autoregression methodology. The results indicate that schooling outcome cointegrated with all the identified explanatory variables. The study found that public educational spending impacts positively on schooling outcome while macroeconomic instability impacts negatively. The variance decomposition analysis shows that “own shocks” constitute the predominant source of variation in schooling outcome. The impulse response analysis shows that any unanticipated increase in the macroeconomic uncertainty rate will have a contractionary impact on literacy rate. The policy implication of this study is that government should pay attention to policies that enhance educational attainment through adequate public social investment under stable macroeconomic environment.

scholarly journals DIRECTIONS OF INVESTMENT IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN POLAND

2020 ◽  
Vol XXII (2) ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
Irena Kropsz-Wydra
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Average Share ◽  
Total Investment ◽  
Environmental Guidelines ◽  
Investment In Fixed Assets ◽  
Positive Effect

The main objective is the analysis of changes in the level of investment outlays incurred for fixed assets serving environmental protection in Poland by investment directions. The adopted time horizon is the period 2002-2018. The investment directions of implemented investment outlays directed to fixed assets in environmental protection were analyzed from a regional perspective, showing the average share of investment outlays by investment directions in voivodships and the average dynamics of changes. A positive effect was the increase in the value of total outlays directed to fixed assets serving environmental protection and within individual investment directions in the field of environmental protection. It has been shown that in the structure of environmental guidelines in Poland and its voivodships, the most financial resources were directed to wastewater management and water protection, atmospheric air and climate protection, as well as waste management. In Poland, after 2004, there was a clearly outlined upward trend taking into account the dynamics of the level of total investment in fixed assets for environmental protection. There was also a growing dynamic of changes in the structure of directions of investment outlays implemented for fixed assets in environmental protection in Poland and individual voivodships. The effect of this was an increase in the share of total investment expenditure incurred for environmental protection in relation to GDP and total expenditure in the national economy, as well as an increase in expenditure per capita.

The Dynamic Relationship between Export, Import and Inflation: Empirical Evidence from India

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 294-311
Author(s):  
Malayaranjan Sahoo ◽  
Narayan Sethi
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Competitive Prices ◽  
Variance Decomposition Analysis ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

This article aims to examine the relationship between inflation, export, import and foreign direct investment (FDI) in India from1975 to 2017. The study employed Johansen co-integration test to find out the long-run relationship among the variables and further variance decomposition analysis (VDA) and impulse response function (IRF) through vector autoregression (VAR) used to find out the dynamic relationship. Both VDA and IRF results indicate that export has positive or greater influence in inflation in India than other variables like import and FDI. The pair-wise granger causality approach finds that there is unidirectional causality running between exports and inflation and not vice versa, whereas inflation granger causes import. Toda Yamamoto causality also has shown similar result. Both the causality tests revealed that no causal relationships exist between inflation and FDI in India during the study period. As the exports of India have been continuously declining for past few years, the outcomes of this study are the true depiction of India’s economic situation. So, the government should provide a competitive environment and incentives to the local industry to produce at competitive prices to the international market.

Evolution of the Relationship between Economic Development and Water Pollution in Shanghai

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 2031-2039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Yao Wu ◽  
Dan Ni Wu
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
Variance Decomposition Analysis

In this paper, according to 1990-2011 Shanghai water pollution data, using co-integration test, error correction model, Granger causality test, impulse response analysis and variance decomposition analysis, from the perspective of temporal dimension, we explore the long-term equilibrium and dynamic mechanism between water pollution and economic growth in Shanghai. We have found that: the index of water pollution in Shanghai grow fast in particular wastewater emissions, economic growth depends on water environment pollution, and economic growth bring enlarging water environment pressure at the same time.

scholarly journals Fiscal Policy and Environment: A Long-Run Multivariate Empirical Analysis of Ecological Footprint in Pakistan.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia Zahra ◽  
Dilawar Khan ◽  
Muhammad Nouman
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Variance Decomposition ◽  
Fishing Ground ◽  
Ardl Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
Variance Decomposition Analysis

Abstract Despite differences in carbon emissions shares and differences in ecological footprint patterns of each nation, these differences are guaranteed to show similar features in long run, thus making it a global issue.An increase in economic growth contributes to an increase in waste production with an impact on environmental degradation and climate change. An ecological footprint is a relatively comprehensive measure than previously used CO2 emission as an environmental proxy as it includes comprehensive multi-facets environmental indicators because ecological footprint includes built-up land, CO2 emission, cropland, fishing ground, grazing land, and forest products which has included all environmental dimensions. This research has focused to empirically investigate the long-run impact of fiscal policy on the ecological footprint in Pakistan keeping different socio-economic factors into consideration. Per annum, time-series data have been collected between 1976 and 2018. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test has been employed to determine the unit root of the data. To investigate the long-run association between fiscal policy and ecological footprint, modern econometric techniques such as Johansen co-integration test, ARDL Bounds test, different diagnostic tests, and variance decomposition analysis are used. Johnson co-integration test depicts significant long-run co-integration between fiscal policy, ecological footprint, and its major socio-economic determinants in Pakistan. Conclusion of ARDL model shows that 1% increase in public development expenditures, total population, GDP, and energy consumption increase 0.19, 2.17, 1.16, and 2.17% ecological footprint respectively in Pakistan between 1976 and 2018 and vice versa. However, it is also derived that a 1% increase in public tax and non-tax revenue and public current expenditures (in health, education, and other social sectors) shrink 0.36 and 0.013% ecological footprint in the long-run in Pakistan. The stability, reliability, and credibility of the ARDL model are found correct based on different diagnostic tests. Variance decomposition analysis also depicts fiscal policy significantly cause ecological footprint in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Agricultural price transmission across space and time: The case of cowpea and yam markets in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-26
Author(s):  
Onyinyechukwu Onubogu ◽  
◽  
Adewale Dipeolu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Price Transmission ◽  
Food Crisis ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
Retail Prices ◽  
Variance Decomposition Analysis

The transmission of price changes to markets has attracted renewed interest since the international food price spikes of 2007 to 2011. In response to this, this paper investigates the long-run behaviour of Nigerian cowpeas and yam tuber retail prices across space and time from 2000 to 2015. We employed the augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test, the Johansen co-integration test, the Granger causality test, the vector error-correction model (VECM) and variance decomposition analysis. The Johansen co-integration test confirmed the presence of a long-run relationship across the markets, while the VECM revealed that the speed of adjustment to equilibrium after price shocks in the yam and cowpea markets varied across space (market) and period (time), with the food crisis in the period pre-2007 to 2011 fastest and the food crisis in the period 2007 to 2011 slowest. We are of the opinion that the presence of a long-run relationship in Nigerian cowpea and yam markets is a call for participants to explore opportunities for gainful trade.

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