scholarly journals Elevated Tropospheric Ozone Concentration Alters Soil CO2 Emission: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4571
Author(s):  
Enzhu Hu ◽  
Zhimin Ren ◽  
Sheng Xu ◽  
Weiwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil Co2 Emission

Elevated tropospheric ozone (O3) concentration may substantially influence the below-ground processes of terrestrial ecosystems. Nevertheless, a comprehensive and quantitative understanding of O3 impacts on soil CO2 emission remains elusive, making the future sources or sinks of soil C uncertain. In this study, 77 pairs of observations (i.e., elevated O3 concentration treatment versus control) extracted from 16 peer-reviewed studies were synthesized using meta-analysis. The results depicted that soil CO2 efflux was significantly reduced under short-term O3 exposure (≤1 year, p < 0.05), while it was increased under extended duration (>1 year, p < 0.05). Particularly, soil CO2 emission was stimulated in nonagricultural ecosystems, in the free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment, and in the soils of lower pH. The effect sizes of soil CO2 efflux were significantly positively correlated with experimental duration and were significantly negatively correlated with soil pH, respectively. The ozone effect on soil CO2 efflux would be enhanced at warm temperatures and high precipitation. The duration of O3 exposure was the fundamental factor in analyzing O3 impacts on soil CO2 emission.

scholarly journals Effect of crustose lichen (<i>Ochrolecia frigida</i>) on soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux in a sphagnum moss community over western Alaska tundra

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongwon Kim ◽  
Sang-Jong Park ◽  
Bang-Yong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Sphagnum Moss ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Soil Co2 Emission ◽  
Crustose Lichen ◽  
Moss Community

Abstract. Soil CO2 efflux-measurements represent an important component for estimating an annual carbon budget in response to changes in increasing air temperature, degradation of permafrost, and snow-covered extents in the Subarctic and Arctic. However, it is not widely known what is the effect of curstose lichen (Ochrolecia frigida) infected sphagnum moss on soil CO2 emission, despite the significant ecological function of sphagnum, and how lichen gradually causes the withering to death of intact sphagnum moss. Here, continuous soil CO2 efflux measurements by a forced diffusion (FD) chamber were investigated for intact and crustose lichen sphagnum moss covering over a tundra ecosystem of western Alaska during the growing seasons of 2015 and 2016. We found that CO2 efflux in crustose lichen during the growing season of 2016 was 14 % higher than in healthy sphagnum moss community, suggesting that temperature and soil moisture are invaluable drivers for stimulating soil CO2 efflux, regardless of the restraining functions of soil moisture over emitting soil carbon. Soil moisture does not influence soil CO2 emission in crustose lichen, reflecting a limit of ecological and thermal functions relative to intact sphagnum moss. During the growing season of 2015, there is no significant difference between soil CO2 effluxes in intact and crustose lichen sphagnum moss patches, based on a one-way ANOVA at the 95 % confidence level (p 

scholarly journals Soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux errors are lognormally distributed – implications and guidance

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-254
Author(s):  
Thomas Wutzler ◽  
Oscar Perez-Priego ◽  
Kendalynn Morris ◽  
Tarek S. El-Madany ◽  
Mirco Migliavacca
Keyword(s):  
Random Error ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Value Differences ◽  
Distributional Assumptions

Abstract. Soil CO2 efflux is the second-largest carbon flux in terrestrial ecosystems. Its feedback to climate determines model predictions of the land carbon sink, which is crucial to understanding the future of the earth system. For understanding and quantification, however, observations by the most widely applied chamber measurement method need to be aggregated to larger temporal and spatial scales. The aggregation is hampered by random error that is characterized by occasionally large fluxes and variance heterogeneity that is not properly accounted for under the typical assumption of normally distributed fluxes. Therefore, we explored the effect of different distributional assumptions on the aggregated fluxes. We tested the alternative assumption of lognormally distributed random error in observed fluxes by aggregating 1 year of data of four neighboring automatic chambers at a Mediterranean savanna-type site. With the lognormal assumption, problems with error structure diminished, and more reasonable prediction intervals were obtained. While the differences between distributional assumptions diminished when aggregating data of single chambers to an annual value, differences were important on short timescales and were especially pronounced when aggregating across chambers to plot level. Hence we recommend as a good practice that researchers report plot-level fluxes with uncertainties based on the lognormal assumption. Model data integration studies should compare predictions and observations of soil CO2 efflux on a log scale. This study provides methodology and guidance that will improve the analysis of soil CO2 efflux observations and hence improve understanding of soil carbon cycling and climate feedbacks.

scholarly journals Effect of Fungus-Growing Termite on Soil CO2 Emission at Termitaria Scale in Dry Evergreen Forest, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Warin Boonriam ◽  
◽  
Pongthep Suwanwaree ◽  
Sasitorn Hasin ◽  
Phuvasa Chanonmuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Termite Mounds ◽  
Soil Co2 Emission ◽  
Dry Evergreen Forest ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Macrotermes Carbonarius

Termites are one of the major contributors to high spatial variability in soil respiration. Although epigeal termite mounds are considered as a point of high CO2 effluxes, the patterns of mound CO2 effluxes are different, especially the mound of fungus-growing termites in a tropical forest. This study quantified the effects of a fungus-growing termite (Macrotermes carbonarius) associated with soil CO2 emission by considering their nesting pattern in dry evergreen forest, Thailand. A total of six mounds of M. carbonarius were measured for CO2 efflux rates on their mounds and surrounding soils in dry and wet seasons. Also, measurement points were investigated for the active underground passages at the top 10% of among efflux rates. The mean rate of CO2 emission from termitaria of M. carbonarius was 7.66 µmol CO2/m2/s, consisting of 2.94 and 9.11 µmol CO2/m2/s from their above mound and underground passages (the rate reached up to 50.00 µmol CO2/m2/s), respectively. While the CO2 emission rate from the surrounding soil alone was 6.86 µmol CO2/m2/s. The results showed that the termitaria of M. carbonarius contributed 8.4% to soil respiration at the termitaria scale. The study suggests that fungus-growing termites cause a local and strong variation in soil respiration through underground passages radiating out from the mounds in dry evergreen forest.

scholarly journals Soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux errors are log normally distributed – Implications and guidance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Wutzler ◽  
Oscar Perez-Priego ◽  
Kendalynn Morris ◽  
Tarek El-Madany ◽  
Mirco Migliavacca
Keyword(s):  
Random Error ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Distributional Assumptions ◽  
Normally Distributed

Abstract. Soil CO2 efflux is the second largest carbon flux in terrestrial ecosystems. Its feedback to climate determines model predictions of the land carbon sink, which is crucial to understanding the future of the earth system. For understanding and quantification, however, observations by the most widely applied chamber measurement method need to be aggregated to larger temporal and spatial scales. The aggregation is hampered by random error that is characterized by occasionally large fluxes and variance heterogeneity that is not properly accounted for under the typical assumption of normally distributed fluxes. Therefore, we explored the effect of different distributional assumptions on the aggregated fluxes. We tested the alternative assumption of log-normally distributed random error in observed fluxes by aggregating one year of data of four neighbouring automatic chambers at a Mediterranean savanna-type site. With the lognormal assumption, problems with error structure diminished and more reasonable confidence intervals were obtained. While the differences between distributional assumptions diminished when aggregating data of single chambers to an annual value, differences were important at short time scales and were especially pronounced when aggregating across chambers to plot level. Hence we recommend as a good practice that researchers report plot-level fluxes with uncertainties based on the log-normal assumption. Model-data integration studies should compare predictions and observations of soil CO2 efflux at log scale. This study provides methodology and guidance that will improve the analysis of soil CO2 efflux observations and hence improve understanding of soil carbon cycling and climate feedbacks.

Soil CO2 efflux in a boreal pine forest under atmospheric CO2 enrichment and air warming

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1363-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sini Maaria Niinistö ◽  
Jouko Silvola ◽  
Seppo Kellomäki
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil Co2

Contribution of autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration to soil CO2 efflux in Chinese fir plantations

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalun Tian ◽  
Guangjun Wang ◽  
Yuanying Peng ◽  
Wende Yan ◽  
Xi Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Heterotrophic Respiration ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil C Cycling

Soil respiration (Rs) is overwhelmingly the sum of autotrophic respiration (Ra, root and rhizosphere) and heterotrophic respiration (Rh, microbes and soil fauna). Separating Rs into Ra and Rh components is a major challenge but necessary for understanding the implications of environmental change on soil C cycling and sequestration. In this study, a trenching method was employed to partition Rs sources in Chinese fir plantations in Southern China. Soil CO2 efflux (FCO2) rates were measured using an infrared gas analyser system with soil chambers at the trenched and untrenched (Control) plots from January 2007 to December 2008. Soil temperature (Tsoil) and soil water content (Wsoil) were also measured at the plots during the study period. The results showed that the mean soil FCO2 rate from trenched plots (0.88 ± 0.12 µmol m–2 s–1, mean ± s.e.) was significantly lower than that from untrenched plots (1.22 ± 0.18 µmol m–2 s–1) (P < 0.001) during the study period. Compared with Ra, Rh made a major contribution to annual flux of Rs in Chinese fir forests. The relative proportion of Rh to Rs averaged 76 and 69% in 2007 and 2008, respectively. The seasonal changes of Ra to Rs ratio ranged from 13 to 56% with a mean of 33%. The annual mean Rs was 455 ± 249 gC m–2 year–1 in the study site for the study period, of which Rh and Ra were 330 ± 219 and 125 ± 65 gC m–2 year–1, respectively. Both Rs and Rh was strongly correlated with Tsoil at a 5-cm depth, while Ra had no relationship with Tsoil. Temporal variation in Wsoil had little effect on Rs and Rh. The results indicated that the fluxes of Ra and Rh were controlled by different factors and the microbial communities, compared with roots, were likely more sensitive to global warming in affecting soil C fluxes in Chinese fir ecosystems in subtropical regions.

scholarly journals Soil CO2 emission in ‘Tifton 85’ bermudagrass pasture fertilized with liquid pig slurry

2021 ◽  
pp. 661-668
Author(s):  
Adilson Amorim Brandão ◽  
Eduardo Guimarães Couto ◽  
Renato de Aragão Ribeiro Rodrigues ◽  
Oscarlina Lúcia dos Santos Weber ◽  
Osvaldo Borges Pinto Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil Co2 Emission ◽  
The Impact

The application of liquid pig slurry (LPS) to pastures offers potential as a fertilizer but could have a direct influence on soil CO2 emissions. This study evaluated soil carbon dioxide emissions after successive LPS applications to soils under pasture cultivation. The experiment was carried out on ‘Tifton-85’ bermudagrass pasture cultivated in a red-yellow oxisol soil in the municipality of Lucas do Rio Verde-MT, Brazil. Two treatments were evaluated: the control and an application of 20 m3 ha-1 of LPS after each cut of the pasture. The CO2 emissions from the soil were determined using a high-precision infrared gas analyzer. Soil temperature and soil moisture were determined as were micrometeorological variables. The application of LPS had a significant effect on soil C-CO2 flow. The average flow of C-CO2 from the soil for the control treatment and with the application of LPS was 0.236 g C-CO2 m-2 h-1 and 0.291 g C-CO2 m-2 h-1, respectively. The application of LPS increased the accumulated CO2 emissions from the soil by 23.2%. Soil temperature and moisture are the main factors regulating the process of soil CO2 emission. These factors therefore need to be considered when evaluating the impact of LPS application on greenhouse gas emissions

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of field scale spatial variability of grassland soil CO2 efflux: Interaction of biotic and abiotic drivers

CATENA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 78-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szilvia Fóti ◽  
János Balogh ◽  
Michael Herbst ◽  
Marianna Papp ◽  
Péter Koncz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Grassland Soil
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