On the Capability of the Epigeous Organs of Phragmites australis to Act as Metal Accumulators in Biomonitoring Studies

With a view of shedding light on the accumulation capability of the epigeous organs of common reed (Phragmites australis), employed worldwide in metal biomonitoring, an accumulation study of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn was performed, focusing on leaves belonging to different whorls and culms. To this end, in five sampling sites on the littoral zone of the volcanic Lake Averno (Italy), and in one occasion (autumn) before plant senescence, leaves of different ages and culms were collected and analyzed for metal concentrations. In terms of the suitability for biomonitoring, culms demonstrated poor performances in relation to the low metal accumulation and the difficulties in sampling and processing, whereas leaves proved their effectiveness in highlighting whole plant exposure. Since the accumulation degree of Cr, Cu, Fe and Zn is unaffected by leaf age, the pooling of leaves from different whorls is advisable to improve the representativeness of samplings. This strategy becomes mandatory in the case of Ni, the non-monotonic age-dependent variations of which would affect the derivation of contamination gradients otherwise. For Mn, Cd and Pb, the accumulation patterns strictly dependent on age can instead be exploited in selecting the sensitivity of biomonitoring by focusing on the organs where they are preferentially accumulated: old leaves for Mn and young leaves for Cd and Pb.

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Heavy Metal Accumulation and Distribution in Narrow-Leaved Cattail (Typha angustifolia) and Common Reed (Phragmites australis)

Journal of Freshwater Ecology ◽

10.1080/02705060.2005.9664806 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 783-785 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Ahmet Aksoy ◽

Fatih Duman ◽

Göksal Sezen

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Phragmites Australis ◽

Metal Accumulation ◽

Common Reed ◽

Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽

Typha Angustifolia

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Distribution of Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on Some Greenhouse-grown Ornamental Plants

Journal of Entomological Science ◽

10.18474/0749-8004-28.1.102 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 102-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tong-Xian Liu ◽

Ronald D. Oetting ◽

G. David Buntin

Keyword(s):

Bemisia Tabaci ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Leaf Age ◽

Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Greenhouse Whitefly ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Young Leaves ◽

The Vertical Distribution

The within-plant and between-plant distributions of all stages of both greenhouse whitefly (GHWF), Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) on poinsettia, chrysanthemum and gerbera daisy, and sweetpotato whitefly (SPWF), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on poinsettia, were examined using Taylor's power law (s2 = amb) and Iwao's patchiness () methods. We found that all developmental stages of the two whitefly species on all plants examined were aggregated within and between plants. The vertical distribution of whitefly stages is stratified among leaves within the plant with respect to leaf age rather than relative height of the leaves on the plants. Most of the adults, eggs and the first-instar nymphs occurred on young leaves. The second- and third-instar nymphs occurred on middle-aged leaves, and most of the pupae and empty pupal cases occurred on middle-aged and older leaves. Comparison of whitefly counts from the different combinations of top, middle, and bottom leaves with the whole-plant counts on poinsettia was correlated and these leaves can be sampled as an indication of population levels within a greenhouse population.

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Seasonal changes of metal accumulation and distribution in common club rush (Schoenoplectus lacustris) and common reed (Phragmites australis)

Ecotoxicology ◽

10.1007/s10646-007-0150-4 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 457-463 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Fatih Duman ◽

Mehmet Cicek ◽

Goksal Sezen

Keyword(s):

Phragmites Australis ◽

Seasonal Changes ◽

Metal Accumulation ◽

Common Reed ◽

Schoenoplectus Lacustris

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Seasonal changes in metal accumulation and distribution in the organs of Phragmites australis (common reed) from Lake Skadar, Montenegro

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc121026153k ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 78 (8) ◽

pp. 1241-1258 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Vlatko Kastratovic ◽

Sladjana Krivokapic ◽

Dijana Djurovic ◽

Nada Blagojevic

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Phragmites Australis ◽

Metal Accumulation ◽

Growing Season ◽

Common Reed ◽

Load Level ◽

Surrounding Water ◽

Water Ecosystem ◽

Different Seasons ◽

Lake Skadar

Due to its ability to accumulate metals, availability throughout the year and its large biomass, Phragmites australis (common reed) is suitable for biomonitoring studies for the evaluation of load level of water ecosystem with trace metals. The heavy metals concentration in P.australis tissue can be several ten to several thousand times higher than those in the surrounding water. In this study we examined the content of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Sr and V) in sediment, water and different organs of Phragmites australis collected from Lake Skadar, Montenegro, during different seasons of the year 2011. The highest concentrations of Sr were found in the leaves, while the other studied metals showed their highest concentrations in the roots. Thus, P. australis is considered a root bioaccumulation species. For most metals the concentration in roots and stems increases over time until the end of the growing season, and then decreases, while the concentration in leaves increases even after the growing season of the plant. If P. australis is used for phytoremediation purposes, then it should be harvested after the growing season because then the concentration of metals in the aboveground parts is maximal.

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Effect of plant age, leaf age and leaf position on infection of carrot leaves by Cercospora carotae

Phytoprotection ◽

10.7202/706038ar ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 75-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Van Delden ◽

O. Carisse

Keyword(s):

Incubation Period ◽

Leaf Age ◽

Relative Number ◽

Plant Age ◽

Leaf Position ◽

Initial Development ◽

Greenhouse Study ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Young Leaves ◽

Cercospora Carotae

A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the effects of plant age, leaf age and leaf position on infection of carrot (Daucus carota var. sativa) by Cercospora carotae. Infection was quantified as the number of lesions cm-2 of leaf surface and the length of incubation period. The relative number of lesions decreased linearly with increasing plant age from 39- to 60-d-old plants, and remained low from 60- to 71-d-old plants. The incubation period increased from 9.0 to 16.6 d, with increasing plant age. Relative number of lesions decreased with increasing leaf age from 1 to 36 d, but the variation among leaves was high. The incubation period increased from 9.0 to 18.3 d with increasing leaf age, but lesions on a few young leaves appeared relatively late. Generally, differences in relative number of lesions for leaves on different positions for 10- and 13-wk-old plants were not significant. Infection on all leaves except the two youngest was representative of infection on whole plant. Effect of leaf position on incubation period was different for the 10- and 13-wk-old plants and for the two trials. Plants younger than 60 d old, in the seven-to eight-leaf stages should be used for experiments on the initial development of Cercospora blight of carrots.

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