scholarly journals Development of a Novel Helical-Ribbon Mixer Dryer for Conversion of Rural Slaughterhouse Wastes to an Organic Fertilizer and Implications in the Rural Circular Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9455
Author(s):  
Ankita Bhowmik ◽  
Shantanu Bhunia ◽  
Anupam Debsarkar ◽  
Rambilash Mallick ◽  
Malancha Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Helical Ribbon ◽  
Moisture Extraction ◽  
Breakeven Point

Organic wastes of rural slaughterhouses in developing countries comprise of blood and undigested rumen contents harboring infectious microbial pathogens and having impermissible BOD5 and COD values. Previously we demonstrated valorization of blood and rumen contents through drying and conversion to an efficacious organic fertilizer which was free from infectious pathogens and heavy metals. Here we describe fabrication of a novel helical-ribbon mixer dryer for transition from the current small-scale household cooking to equipment-driven sustainable production. Blood and rumen digesta mixed in a 3:1 ratio, having initial moisture of 85%, were dried at 90–110 °C for 3–4 h to attain 15.6% final moisture-containing organic fertilizer. Energy consumption and moisture extraction rate were 49.4 MJ per batch and 18.9 kg h−1 respectively. Using this method, small abattoir owners could emerge as multi-product producers to enhance earnings while farmers could source the fertilizer locally for organic farming. The two activities can be complementary to each other and become a sustainable circular economy model. We applied a spreadsheet-based model for calculation of cash flow, breakeven point and conducted financial cost–benefit analysis on the projected operation of the dryer. Fertilizer production parallel with the meat trade should be profitable for slaughterhouse owners and farmers apart from generating local employment opportunities.

scholarly journals The Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Electricity Production from Small Scale Renewable Energy Sources in the Conditions of Romania

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 385-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Atănăsoae ◽  
Radu Dumitru Pentiuc ◽  
Dan Laurențiu Milici ◽  
Elena Daniela Olariu ◽  
Mihaela Poienar
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Towards systematic planning of small-scale hydrological intervention-based research

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 4093-4115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kharis Erasta Reza Pramana ◽  
Maurits Willem Ertsen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Water Development ◽  
Systematic Planning ◽  
Development Initiatives ◽  
Hydrological Intervention

Abstract. Many small-scale water development initiatives are accompanied by hydrological research to study either the form of the intervention or its impacts. Humans influence both the development of intervention and research, and thus one needs to take human agency into account. This paper focuses on the effects of human actions in the development of the intervention and its associated hydrological research, as hydrological research is often designed without adequate consideration of how to account for human agency and that these effects have not yet been discussed explicitly in a systematic way. In this paper, we propose a systematic planning for hydrological research, based on evaluating three hydrological research efforts targeting small-scale water development initiatives in Vietnam, Kenya, and Indonesia. The main purpose of the three cases was to understand the functioning of interventions in their hydrological contexts. Aiming for better decision-making on hydrological research in small-scale water intervention initiatives, we propose two analysis steps, including (1) consideration of possible surprises and possible actions and (2) cost–benefit analysis. By performing the two analyses continuously throughout small-scale hydrological intervention-based initiatives, effective hydrological research can be achieved.

scholarly journals Towards systematic planning of small-scale hydrological intervention-based research

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 9489-9569
Author(s):  
K. E. R. Pramana ◽  
M. W. Ertsen ◽  
N. C. van de Giesen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Human Actions ◽  
Systematic Planning ◽  
Hydrological Intervention

Abstract. Many small-scale water development initiatives are accompanied by hydrological research to study either the shape of the intervention or its impacts. Humans influence both, and thus one needs to take human agency into account. This paper focuses on the effects of human actions in the intervention and its associated hydrological research, as these effects have not yet been discussed explicitly in a systematic way. In this paper, we propose a systematic planning, based on evaluating three hydrological research projects in small-scale water intervention projects in Vietnam, Kenya, and Indonesia. The main purpose of the three projects was to understand the functioning of interventions in their hydrological contexts. Aiming for better decision-making on hydrological research in small-scale water intervention projects, we propose two analysis steps: (1) being prepared for surprises and (2) cost-benefit analysis. By performing the two analyses continuously throughout a small-scale hydrological intervention based project, effective hydrological research can be achieved.

scholarly journals AN OVERVIEW OF TREATMENT OF BRACKISH WATER USING SOLAR STILLS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhanshu S. Kamat ◽  
Dilip D. Sarode
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Solar Desalination ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
The Cost

Solar desalination technologies are becoming popular among the scientific community for the production of fresh water from the brackish water. Membrane technologies are expensive to be implemented on small scale. Solar stills have simple working principle and there is low cost associated with it. Varied configurations and modifications have been implemented to improve the performance of solar stills. Thermodynamic analysis has also been done for the same. However, it is important to also optimize various combinations of the operating parameters, including the cost-benefit analysis associated with it. This paper focuses on the review of the effects of various geometric and operating parameters, and also optimizing the thermodynamics to improve the performance of solar still.

scholarly journals Cost-benefit analysis of on-farm grain storage hermetic bags among small-scale maize growers in northwestern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 105478
Author(s):  
Gashaw Tenna Alemu ◽  
Zerihun Nigussie ◽  
Nigussie Haregeweyn ◽  
Zewdu Berhanie ◽  
Beneberu Assefa Wondimagegnehu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Grain Storage ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
On Farm

scholarly journals The Redesigning of Tires and the Recycling Process to Maintain an Efficient Circular Economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Dobrotă ◽  
Gabriela Dobrotă ◽  
Tiberiu Dobrescu ◽  
Cristina Mohora
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Points Of View

The redesigning of tires is addressed from two points of view, namely the structure of the materials and the constructive shape of these products. The necessity for research is justified by the fact that even during the product design stage, there may be situations that can irreversibly affect the separation of product components (rubber and insertion), and because it is strictly necessary to achieve the reuse and recycling of waste components. The proposed redesign refers to the inscription of the types of materials that are present in each area on the lateral surface of the tire. Thus, the new redesign has positive effects both economically and socially. To highlight these, a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) has been applied and the net present value (NPV) as well as the internal rate of return (IRR) have been determined for the classic scenario and for the two proposed scenarios. Testing the financial sustainability of the proposed solution was done through sensitivity analysis. An analysis of the new tire design from the point of view of the circular economy was also presented. The results obtained have highlighted the effectiveness of the proposed solution from a technical, economic, social, and protection of the environment point of view.

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