scholarly journals Identification of Promising Smart Farm Technologies and Development of Technology Roadmap Using Patent Map Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10709
Author(s):  
Eunsuk Chun ◽  
Sungchan Jun ◽  
Chulung Lee

In this study, we suggest methodologies for identifying promising and vacant technologies on smart farms by analyzing patent information. Additionally, a technology roadmap for smart farms is suggested using network analysis. The database of patents related to smart farms was extracted from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) by keyword search, and valid patents data was selected and clustered using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) algorithm. We also conducted the technical importance analysis and trend analysis to identify promising technology topics. By developing a patent map based on a self-organizing map (SOM), we were able to identify vacant technologies among smart farm technology groups. In order to develop vacant technologies, we presented a stepwise technology roadmap by analyzing the relationship between technology elements using network analysis. The proposed procedure and analysis method provides useful insights in establishing research and development (R&D) strategies for the development of smart farm technology roadmaps.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6047-6047
Author(s):  
Steven Kunyuan Cheng ◽  
Bradford Richard Hirsch ◽  
Robert M Califf ◽  
Asba Tasneem ◽  
Kevin A. Schulman ◽  
...  

6047 Background: Increasing complexity and specificity of cancer trials (CT) necessitates collaboration across the CT network to optimize research efforts. The relationship among CT sites and networks provide unique insights into improving coordination and accrual. Methods: 5971 interventional CTs registered between 2007 and 2010 were aggregated by trial and location. CTs in the Aggregate Analysis dataset from ClinicalTrials.gov (AACT) were identified using MeSH terms. The distribution of mid-phase (MP)(phase I/II,II) and late-phase (LP)(PII/III,PIII) CTs for the ten most represented cancer types by number of sites was assessed using network graph theory and geographic analysis comparing distribution of trials across metropolitan statistical areas. Results: 66,566 CT sites were identified across the sample, 59.6% were in the United States (MP: 50.2%; LP: 42.9%). Geographical availability of CTs and local cancer incidence rates were highly correlated (0.797, p≤ 0.001) but varied depending upon disease type. Network density (the degree of dyadic interconnections between sites studying similar cancer types) showed overall that MP trials were less dense with sparser interconnections among sites than LP trials. Network density of LP trials was higher for cancer types that had poorer correlation between geographic distribution of incidence and enrolling sites (-0.777, p=0.008). MP trials did not show a similar trend. Conclusions: The relationship between the distribution of CT and site location can be envisaged through geographic and network analysis of CT registry data. LP high-density networks should strive to diversify trial locations to better meet regional incidence rates. [Table: see text]


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Rimmer

This paper considers the relationship between intellectual property and trade in the context of 3D printing. Modern 3D printing has not only disrupted the discipline of intellectual property, but it has also provided profound challenges for the regulation of trade and globalization. Part II provides a case study of the patent dispute between ClearCorrect and Align Technology. The ruling of the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit will have larger ramifications regarding the jurisdiction of the International Trade Commission in respect of the digital economy. Part II further considers subsequent patent disputes between the parties before the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Part III considers how the trade dispute between the United States and China will affect 3D printing and examines whether 3D printing will reverse the United States’ pattern of manufacturing offshore. Part III further notes the collateral impact of tariffs upon 3D printing and considers the adoption of 3D printing in China and the issues that may arise in terms of intellectual property ownership, intellectual property infringement, and intellectual property licensing. Part IV considers larger contextual issues raised by international organizations with respect to intellectual property, trade, and 3D printing.


2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa L. Beeble ◽  
Deborah Bybee ◽  
Cris M. Sullivan

While research has found that millions of children in the United States are exposed to their mothers being battered, and that many are themselves abused as well, little is known about the ways in which children are used by abusers to manipulate or harm their mothers. Anecdotal evidence suggests that perpetrators use children in a variety of ways to control and harm women; however, no studies to date have empirically examined the extent of this occurring. Therefore, the current study examined the extent to which survivors of abuse experienced this, as well as the conditions under which it occurred. Interviews were conducted with 156 women who had experienced recent intimate partner violence. Each of these women had at least one child between the ages of 5 and 12. Most women (88%) reported that their assailants had used their children against them in varying ways. Multiple variables were found to be related to this occurring, including the relationship between the assailant and the children, the extent of physical and emotional abuse used by the abuser against the woman, and the assailant's court-ordered visitation status. Findings point toward the complex situational conditions by which assailants use the children of their partners or ex-partners to continue the abuse, and the need for a great deal more research in this area.


Author(s):  
Steven Hurst

The United States, Iran and the Bomb provides the first comprehensive analysis of the US-Iranian nuclear relationship from its origins through to the signing of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) in 2015. Starting with the Nixon administration in the 1970s, it analyses the policies of successive US administrations toward the Iranian nuclear programme. Emphasizing the centrality of domestic politics to decision-making on both sides, it offers both an explanation of the evolution of the relationship and a critique of successive US administrations' efforts to halt the Iranian nuclear programme, with neither coercive measures nor inducements effectively applied. The book further argues that factional politics inside Iran played a crucial role in Iranian nuclear decision-making and that American policy tended to reinforce the position of Iranian hardliners and undermine that of those who were prepared to compromise on the nuclear issue. In the final chapter it demonstrates how President Obama's alterations to American strategy, accompanied by shifts in Iranian domestic politics, finally brought about the signing of the JCPOA in 2015.


2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-254
Author(s):  
Andreu Espasa

De forma un tanto paradójica, a finales de los años treinta, las relaciones entre México y Estados Unidos sufrieron uno de los momentos de máxima tensión, para pasar, a continuación, a experimentar una notable mejoría, alcanzando el cénit en la alianza política y militar sellada durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. El episodio catalizador de la tensión y posterior reconciliación fue, sin duda, el conflicto diplomático planteado tras la nacionalización petrolera de 1938. De entre los factores que propiciaron la solución pacífica y negociada al conflicto petrolero, el presente artículo se centra en analizar dos fenómenos del momento. En primer lugar, siguiendo un orden de relevancia, se examina el papel que tuvo la Guerra Civil Española. Aunque las posturas de ambos gobiernos ante el conflicto español fueron sustancialmente distintas, las interpretaciones y las lecciones sobre sus posibles consecuencias permitieron un mayor entendimiento entre los dos países vecinos. En segundo lugar, también se analizarán las afinidades ideológicas entre el New Deal y el cardenismo en el contexto de la crisis mundial económica y política de los años treinta, con el fin de entender su papel lubricante en las relaciones bilaterales de la época. Somewhat paradoxically, at the end of the 1930s, the relationship between Mexico and the United States experienced one of its tensest moments, after which it dramatically improved, reaching its zenith in the political and military alliance cemented during World War II. The catalyst for this tension and subsequent reconciliation was, without doubt, the diplomatic conflict that arose after the oil nationalization of 1938. Of the various factors that led to a peaceful negotiated solution to the oil conflict, this article focuses on analyzing two phenomena. Firstly—in order of importance—this article examines the role that the Spanish Civil War played. Although the positions of both governments in relation to the Spanish war were significantly different, the interpretations and lessons concerning potential consequences enabled a greater understanding between the two neighboring countries. Secondly, this article also analyzes the ideological affinities between the New Deal and Cardenismo in the context of the global economic and political crisis of the thirties, seeking to understand their role in facilitating bilateral relations during that period.


2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Sizochenko ◽  
Alicja Mikolajczyk ◽  
Karolina Jagiello ◽  
Tomasz Puzyn ◽  
Jerzy Leszczynski ◽  
...  

Application of predictive modeling approaches is able solve the problem of the missing data. There are a lot of studies that investigate the effects of missing values on qualitative or quantitative modeling, but only few publications have been<br>discussing it in case of applications to nanotechnology related data. Current project aimed at the development of multi-nano-read-across modeling technique that helps in predicting the toxicity of different species: bacteria, algae, protozoa, and mammalian cell lines. In this study, the experimental toxicity for 184 metal- and silica oxides (30 unique chemical types) nanoparticles from 15 experimental datasets was analyzed. A hybrid quantitative multi-nano-read-across approach that combines interspecies correlation analysis and self-organizing map analysis was developed. At the first step, hidden patterns of toxicity among the nanoparticles were identified using a combination of methods. Then the developed model that based on categorization of metal oxide nanoparticles’ toxicity outcomes was evaluated by means of combination of supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques to find underlying factors responsible for toxicity.


2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Sizochenko ◽  
Alicja Mikolajczyk ◽  
Karolina Jagiello ◽  
Tomasz Puzyn ◽  
Jerzy Leszczynski ◽  
...  

Application of predictive modeling approaches is able solve the problem of the missing data. There are a lot of studies that investigate the effects of missing values on qualitative or quantitative modeling, but only few publications have been<br>discussing it in case of applications to nanotechnology related data. Current project aimed at the development of multi-nano-read-across modeling technique that helps in predicting the toxicity of different species: bacteria, algae, protozoa, and mammalian cell lines. In this study, the experimental toxicity for 184 metal- and silica oxides (30 unique chemical types) nanoparticles from 15 experimental datasets was analyzed. A hybrid quantitative multi-nano-read-across approach that combines interspecies correlation analysis and self-organizing map analysis was developed. At the first step, hidden patterns of toxicity among the nanoparticles were identified using a combination of methods. Then the developed model that based on categorization of metal oxide nanoparticles’ toxicity outcomes was evaluated by means of combination of supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques to find underlying factors responsible for toxicity.


Contention ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
AK Thompson

George Floyd’s murder by police on 26 May 2020 set off a cycle of struggle that was notable for its size, intensity, and rate of diffusion. Starting in Minneapolis, the uprising quickly spread to dozens of other major cities and brought with it a repertoire that included riots, arson, and looting. In many places, these tactics coexisted with more familiar actions like public assemblies and mass marches; however, the inflection these tactics gave to the cycle of contention is not easily reconciled with the protest repertoire most frequently mobilized during movement campaigns in the United States today. This discrepancy has led to extensive commentary by scholars and movement participants, who have often weighed in by considering the moral and strategic efficacy of the chosen tactics. Such considerations should not be discounted. Nevertheless, I argue that both the dynamics of contention witnessed during the uprising and their ambivalent relationship to the established protest repertoire must first be understood in historical terms. By considering the relationship between violence, social movements, and Black freedom struggles in this way, I argue that scholars can develop a better understanding of current events while anticipating how the dynamics of contention are likely to develop going forward. Being attentive to these dynamics should in turn inform our research agendas, and it is with this aim in mind that I offer the following ten theses.


2005 ◽  
Vol 156 (8) ◽  
pp. 288-296
Author(s):  
Vittorio Magnago Lampugnani

In the first half of the 19th century scientific philosophers in the United States, such as Emerson and Thoreau, began to pursue the relationship between man and nature. Painters from the Hudson River School discovered the rural spaces to the north of New York and began to celebrate the American landscape in their paintings. In many places at this time garden societies were founded, which generated widespread support for the creation of park enclosures While the first such were cemeteries with the character of parks, housing developments on the peripheries of towns were later set in generous park landscapes. However, the centres of the growing American cities also need green spaces and the so-called «park movement»reached a first high point with New York's Central Park. It was not only an experimental field for modern urban elements, but even today is a force of social cohesion.


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