scholarly journals Influence of Pavement Heterogeneity and Observation Angle on Lighting Design: Study with New Metrics

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11789
Author(s):  
Florian Greffier ◽  
Valérie Muzet ◽  
Vincent Boucher ◽  
Fabrice Fournela ◽  
Laure Lebouc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lighting Design ◽  
Observation Angle ◽  
Viewing Angle ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Lighting ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Average Luminance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption

Optimization of lighting installations should be a priority in order to reduce energy consumption and obtrusive light while providing optimal visibility conditions for road users. For the design of lighting installations, it is assumed that the road has homogeneous photometric characteristics and only one viewing angle is used. There are often significant differences between the design of lighting installations and their actual performance. In order to examine whether these differences are due to the photometry of the road, this study proposes metrics to assess the influence of road heterogeneity and observation angle. These metrics have been used on many measurements conducted on site and in the laboratory for different pavements. A calculation engine has been developed to realize road lighting design with several r-tables in the same calculation or for different observation angles. Thus, this study shows that a root mean squared deviation (RMSD) calculation, including average luminance and uniformities associated with different r-tables, is directly correlated to a normalized root mean squared deviation (NRMSD) calculation between these r-tables. With these proposed metrics it is possible to optimize lighting installation while taking into account different types of urban surfaces and the diversity of users.

HOW TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE HETEROGENEITY OF OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF A PAVEMENT IN LIGHTING DESIGN?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Greffier ◽  
V. Muzet ◽  
V. Boucher
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Stray Light ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Lighting ◽  
Road Users ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

Optimising lighting installations reduces energy consumption and stray light while providing optimal visibility conditions for road users. However, the origin of the large discrepancies often observed between the design of lighting installations and their actual performance remains poorly explained. For the design stage, it is assumed that the road has homogeneous photometric characteristics. To examine the impact of pavement heterogeneity on these differences, numerous measurements of pavement reflection properties were carried out on an experimental site with a portable device. A homemade software was used to perform several road lighting calculations by integrating the measured r-tables in different ways. New metrics based on lighting performance criteria deviation and pavement reflection properties deviation are used to compare the calculations. The results highlight the importance of measuring the optical properties of pavements and confirm methodological guidelines for making representative on-site measurements.

IMPACT OF QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE METHODS ON THE EVALUATION OF STREET LIGHTING UNIFORMITY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrika Wänström Lindh ◽  
Annika K. Jägerbrand
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Lighting Design ◽  
Combined Method ◽  
Street Lighting ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Road ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Method Approach

Uniformity of lighting for pedestrians is often assumed to have been achieved in mixed traffic environments when the lighting uniformity requirements for vehicular traffic have been fulfilled. Uniformity of lighting for drivers is commonly evaluated based on quan-titative data on parameters such as overall luminance uniformity. However, methods for evaluating uniformity from the perspective of other road users are currently somewhat lacking. This study discusses qualitative and quantitative methods of assessing street lighting uniformity, and the potential implications for lighting design and the road us-ers. We used convergence design and imbedded design based on two field studies. The research purpose is twofold: first, to study if, and how, measured lighting uni-formity corresponds with visual perception. Secondly, to identify and explain the addi-tional value that a combined method approach can contribute. The study considers ex-amples of when the measured uniformity corresponds to visually perceived uniformity and when they do not correspond.

A new procedure for determining the road surface reduced luminance coefficient table by on-site measurements

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Strbac-Hadzibegovic ◽  
S Strbac-Savic ◽  
M Kostic
Keyword(s):  
Road Surface ◽  
Surface Reflection ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Lighting ◽  
Average Luminance ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Q Values

Numerous measurements have shown that the standard R classes do not represent adequately many road surfaces used nowadays. Therefore, the construction of portable reflectometers intended for on-site measurements of road surface reflection properties has been given particular attention during the last decade. This paper presents a new procedure for the improvement of the accuracy of such a portable reflectometer. Optimally extrapolating the values of the 20 luminance coefficients (q), each measured by the portable reflectometer for a set of angles of observation (α = 5°–80°), the 20 q-values referring to α = 1° are calculated. This enables their comparison with the corresponding q elements from each of the 447 reduced q-tables derived from the available r-table database, obtained by using a precise laboratory reflectometer on a wide variety of road samples. Selecting the closest reduced q-table, the corresponding r-table and the actual average luminance coefficient can be determined. In order to validate the proposed procedure, which can also be applied to other similar portable reflectometers, measurements of the luminance and overall and longitudinal luminance uniformities were carried out on eleven road-lighting installations. They showed that the results obtained by this procedure deviate only slightly from those obtained using r-tables determined by the laboratory reflectometer.

scholarly journals Assessment of Colorimetric Parameters for HPS Lamp with Electromagnetic Control Gear and Electronic Ballast

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2909
Author(s):  
Roman Sikora ◽  
Przemysław Markiewicz
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Electronic Ballast ◽  
The Road ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Road Lighting ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Electromagnetic Control ◽  
On The Road

Road lighting is an important element of road infrastructure influencing on the road safety. It helps road users to identify potential hazards on the road and reduces the risk of a road accident. Improving the energy efficacy of road lighting installations requires using new technologies. Currently, high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps are still most commonly used in road lighting. Many of the luminaires with HPS lamps are still in good technical condition and there is no economic justification for replacing them (except improving energy efficacy). One of the methods of improving their energy efficacy is to replace the electromagnetic control gear (ECG) with an electronic ballast (EB). This replacement may affect the colorimetric parameters of the HPS lamps. Two methods to the estimation change of colorimetric parameters after the replacement of ECG to EB were used. The first is CIE TN 001:2014 and the second is ANSI/IES TM-30-15. The article also presents the advantages and disadvantages of these methods in relation to the evaluation of changes in colorimetric parameters of HPS lamps after the replacement of the ECG with an EB. After the replacement of ECG to EB, the smallest reduction of Ra (colour rendering index) occurred for the 150 W lamp by 31.30% and the highest reduction for the 70 W lamp by 65.52%. Considering the changes of the fidelity indicator Rf and gamut indicator Rg, their changes are significantly smaller than for Ra. The smallest change of Rf value was observed for a 150 W lamp (6.00%) and the largest for a 70 W lamp by 25.00%. In case of Rg, similar changes were observed—for 150 W lamp by 9.26% and for 70 W lamp by 21.88%. The ANSI/IES TM-30-15 method is more suitable for evaluating colorimetric parameters after replacing ECG with EB. Using only Ra to evaluate changes of HPS lamps colorimetric parameters after replacing the ballast type can lead to incorrect conclusions concerning changes of colorimetric parameters. Based on the ANSI/IES TM-30-15 method, it has been proposed to introduce the Δf,g indicator which determines the change of colorimetric parameters based on fidelity and gamut colour indicator.

Introduction To The New Energy Efficient Class for Road Lighting In Indian Context

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
Suddhasatwa Chakraborty ◽  
Saswati Mazumdar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Lighting Design ◽  
Density Parameter ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
New Classification ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Lighting ◽  
New Energy ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Indian Scenario

The assessment of energy consumption in the field of road lighting is different from other lighting applications. In this paper, a newly developed parameter is introduced for the proper assessment of energy efficiency for lighting design of Indian road. The basis of the proposed normalized power density parameter and the effects of few governing factors on it have been also discussed in detail. Those factors are governing measured and calculated based on the road lighting in Indian scenario. A new classification for energy efficient road lighting in Indian road has been introduced. This new proposed classification will help to determine whether a road lighting system is energy efficient or not.

Illumination Energy Conservation Analysis of Reflective Material on the Tunnel Sidewall

2012 ◽  
Vol 594-597 ◽  
pp. 1197-1200
Author(s):  
Guo Bing Pan ◽  
Ling Na Shi ◽  
Bo Liang ◽  
Yu Hang Pi
Keyword(s):  
Reflection Coefficient ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
Lighting Design ◽  
Tunnel Wall ◽  
High Tunnel ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Lighting ◽  
Energy Consumption Reduction ◽  
Consumption Reduction ◽  
Lighting Energy

This paper endeavors to analyze road lighting quality with the influence of luminous coefficients of the tunnel wall, with lighting design software DIALUX which simulates tunnel lighting, by improving the reflection coefficient of the tunnel wall materials. The result of Analysis shows that high-tunnel side wall reflection coefficient not only helps to improve the tunnel intensity of illumination, but also improves the luminance of the tunnel; under certain circumstances of the road surface luminance, high reflective coefficient of the tunnel walls is helpful to tunnel lighting energy consumption reduction.

scholarly journals Average Luminance Calculation in Street Lighting Design, Comparison between BS-EN 13201 and RP-08 Standards

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10143
Author(s):  
Alexandru Viorel Rusu ◽  
Catalin Daniel Galatanu ◽  
Gheorghe Livint ◽  
Dorin Dumitru Lucache
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Lighting Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Street Lighting ◽  
The Road ◽  
Stopping Distance ◽  
Average Luminance ◽  
European Standards

This paper presents a study on the influence of the observer’s position in relation to the calculation surface. This is the initial observation of the research, respectively that the two standards consider the position of the observer differently. For these situations, two types of calculations were performed. For the first set of calculations, the software used was DIALux 4.13 as this software can perform calculations in line with the RP-08 standard. The second set of calculations was performed with a script that offers the possibility to change the observer’s position. The conclusion was that EN-13201 has a better approach, but both standards could be improved. The second case study refers to the influence of the longitudinal observer position in an average luminance calculation. If one considers RP-08 as a guideline for performing the calculations, the conclusions are that changing the distance from the observer to the calculation surface has absolutely no effect on the average luminance value. On the other hand, if European standards are used as a guideline, changing the distance (from the standardized 60 m, either closer to the calculation surface or further away) can influence the overall results in average luminance and uniformity. Taking into account the results of these two case studies, the conclusion is that both RP-08 and BS-EN 13201 should be updated so that the observer’s distance in relation to the calculation surface would be a variable dependent on the stopping distance calculated based on the speed limit of the road.

Veiling luminance and visual adaptation field in mesopic photometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Maksimainen ◽  
M Puolakka ◽  
E Tetri ◽  
L Halonen
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Visual Adaptation ◽  
High Luminance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Lighting ◽  
Average Luminance ◽  
Adaptation State ◽  
Adaptation Field

In mesopic photometry, adaptation luminance is needed to derive the mesopic luminances for the measurement field. The average luminance of the visual adaptation field is considered as the adaptation luminance. The visual adaptation field has yet to be defined in terms of the size, shape, or location within the visual field. A study in three road lighting situations was conducted, in order to determine the feasibility of using the road surface as the adaptation field compared to circular or elliptical adaptation fields. Currently, the road surface is used as the measurement field for calculating road lighting. Using the road surface as the adaptation field resulted in 76–113%, higher average luminance than obtained using circular or elliptical adaptation fields when the road was bordered by a park. High-luminance sources outside of the visual adaptation field cause veiling luminance. Veiling luminance increases the adaptation state, but not the luminance within the measurement field. The bias veiling luminance can cause on mesopic luminance calculations was estimated to be less than 2%. The estimated bias can be considered trivial in practical road lighting measurements.

INFLUENCE OF ROAD SURFACES ON THE CALCULATION OF A TARGET VISIBILITY TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT LIGHTING

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lebouc ◽  
V. Boucher ◽  
F. Greffier ◽  
S. Liandrat ◽  
A. Nicolaï ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Surface ◽  
Street Lighting ◽  
Target Luminance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Lighting ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Indirect Lighting ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Target Visibility

Street lighting ensures visibility and legibility for road users. In this paper, performances of the lighting installation of four road sections with different type of road surface are simulated in accordance with guidelines and road lighting standards. Then, the calculation of the visibility level of a target according to the Adrian’s model is included. Next, the light reflections on the road surface are added to the calculation of the target luminance. For this, the area considered in front of the target as well as the number of elementary surfaces are fixed and a Q_0-scaling of the r-table obtained for α=45° is performed. We compare the results obtained for each section with and without considering the light reflections and conclude that there is negligible incidence of the nature of the road surface on the target luminance. However, an effect of the road surface on the visibility level of the target is observed.

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