scholarly journals Urbanization and Long-Term Forest Dynamics in a Metropolitan Region of Southern Europe (1936–2018)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 12164
Author(s):  
Leonardo Bianchini ◽  
Alvaro Marucci ◽  
Adele Sateriano ◽  
Valerio Di Stefano ◽  
Riccardo Alemanno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Dynamics ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Settlement Density

Although peri-urban landscapes in Southern Europe still preserve a relatively high level of biodiversity in relict natural places, urban expansion is progressively consuming agricultural land and, in some cases, forest cover. This phenomenon has (direct and indirect) environmental implications, both positive and negative. The present study contributes to clarifying the intrinsic nexus between long-term urban expansion and forest dynamics in a representative Mediterranean city based on diachronic land-use maps. We discuss some counterintuitive results of urbanization as far as forest expansion, wildfire risk, and biodiversity conservation are concerned. Forest dynamics were investigated at two time intervals (1936–1974 and 1974–2018) representing distinctive socioeconomic contexts in the Rome metropolitan area in Central Italy. Additionally, the spatial relationship between forest cover and urban growth was evaluated using settlement density as a target variable. All over the study area, forest cover grew moderately over time (from 18.3% to 19.9% in the total landscape), and decreased along the urban gradient (i.e., with settlement density) more rapidly in 2018 than in 1936. The diversification of forest types (Shannon H index) was higher in areas with medium-density settlements, indicating a tendency towards more heterogeneous and mixed structures in rural and peri-urban woods that undergo rising human pressure. The dominance of a given forest type (Simpson’s D index) was higher at high settlement density areas. Evenness (Pielou’s J index) was the highest at low settlement density areas. The long-term assessment of land-use dynamics in metropolitan fringes enriched with a spatially explicit analysis of forest types may inform regional planning and environmental conservation, which could delineate appropriate strategies for sustainable land management in Southern European cities.

scholarly journals A Century of Forest Regrowth and Snow Loss Alters the Cooling Effect of Historical Land Use in the Upper Midwest

Ecosystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1056-1074
Author(s):  
Bethany J. Blakely ◽  
Adrian V. Rocha ◽  
Jason S. McLachalan
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Forest Regrowth ◽  
Historical Land Use ◽  
Over Time

AbstractAnthropogenic land use affects climate by altering the energy balance of the Earth’s surface. In temperate regions, cooling from increased albedo is a common result of historical land-use change. However, this albedo cooling effect is dependent mainly on the exposure of snow cover following forest canopy removal and may change over time due to simultaneous changes in both land cover and snow cover. In this paper, we combine modern remote sensing data and historical records, incorporating over 100 years of realized land use and climatic change into an empirical assessment of centennial-scale surface forcings in the Upper Midwestern USA. We show that, although increases in surface albedo cooled through strong negative shortwave forcings, those forcings were reduced over time by a combination of forest regrowth and snow-cover loss. Deforestation cooled strongly (− 5.3 Wm−2) and mainly in winter, while composition shift cooled less strongly (− 3.03 Wm−2) and mainly in summer. Combined, changes in albedo due to deforestation, shifts in species composition, and the return of historical forest cover resulted in − 2.81 Wm−2 of regional radiative cooling, 55% less than full deforestation. Forcings due to changing vegetation were further reduced by 0.32 Wm−2 of warming from a shortened snow-covered season and a thinning of seasonal snowpack. Our findings suggest that accounting for long-term changes in land cover and snow cover reduces the estimated cooling impact of deforestation, with implications for long-term land-use planning.

scholarly journals Uncertainty in Historical Land-Use Reconstructions with Topographic Maps

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Kaim ◽  
Jacek Kozak ◽  
Krzysztof Ostafin ◽  
Monika Dobosz ◽  
Katarzyna Ostapowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Reliability Assessment ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Forest Cover Change ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Polish Carpathians ◽  
Historical Land Use

Abstract The paper presents the outcomes of the uncertainty investigation of a long-term forest cover change analysis in the Polish Carpathians (nearly 20,000 km2) and Swiss Alps (nearly 10,000 km2) based on topographic maps. Following Leyk et al. (2005) all possible uncertainties are grouped into three domains - production-oriented, transformation- oriented and application-oriented. We show typical examples for each uncertainty domain, encountered during the forest cover change analysis and discuss consequences for change detection. Finally, a proposal for reliability assessment is presented.

scholarly journals Growth of urbanization in Himachal Pra-desh : A statistical analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.4) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Ridima Sharma ◽  
Sakshi Tanwar ◽  
Safder Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Land Use Management ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Development Policies

Cities appear as a major role player in the economy of any area reflecting the global integration of its economy as they house majority of large business groups. Migratory population and urban growth are direct contributors in this economic expansion, particularly in the present-day phase of globalization which in under developed countries causes densification and instability of agriculture and other existing land use thus bringing in the need of a proper land resource management.Focused attention is needed to integrate infrastructure development in various cities and linkages should be established between the creation and management of assets through a system of reforms for long-term sustainability. Himachal Pradesh is a hill state with some most difficult terrains of the country making the preparation of complete cadastral record of land nearly impossible only 80% of land is under revenue records. Thus the amount of habitable land decreases further with around 50 % of the land under forest cover. The aim of the study is to analyze the growth of urbanisation in Himachal Pradesh along with the factors responsible. This growth pattern can later be used to formulate proper land use management and infrastructure development policies for equitable development of the area.

Nonfrontier Deforestation in the Eastern Amazon

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlete Silva de Almeida ◽  
Thomas A. Stone ◽  
Ima Célia G. Vieira ◽  
Eric A. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Landsat Imagery ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Human Occupation

Abstract While interest in Amazonian deforestation mostly focuses on frontier areas, the amount of forest cover in areas already dominated by human settlement is also changing. Secondary forests play an increasingly important role for maintaining genetic diversity, hydrological functioning, and greenhouse gas emissions of altered landscapes, but secondary forests are also being converted to more intensive agricultural uses. Five dates of Landsat imagery from 1984 to 2002 were analyzed, covering 8000 km2 of the Zona Bragantina of the eastern part of the Brazilian state of Pará, which underwent its most intensive wave of deforestation several decades ago. However, even in this area of relatively long-term human occupation, ongoing decreases of forest cover were found, both in the small remaining areas of mature forest and in the more widespread areas of secondary forests, as human population increased and land use intensified. Although there was an initial increase in the area of secondary forest from 1984 to 1994, there has been a steady decline since then, from 75% secondary forest cover in 1994 to 54% in 2002. The amount of pasture was relatively stable from 1984 to 1994 but more recently has shown a steady increase, reaching 37% cover in 2002. The average rate of carbon loss over the 18-yr study period was 0.9 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 for the 8000 km2 study area. Forests in this long-settled region of eastern Amazonia continue to be degraded, resulting in the loss of ecosystem services and carbon stocks due to continued land-use change.

Integrated analysis of climate, land use and water for resilience urban megacities: A case study of Thailand and Viet Nam

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sathaporn Monprapussorn ◽  
Le Phoung Ha
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation

ABSTRACT This research aims to explore the integration of land use, climate, and water resources for urban resilience in Bangkok, Thailand and Hanoi, Viet Nam, both of which are megacities of Southeast Asia. Climate projections using the WorldClim database for 2050 in Bangkok reveal an increase in temperature by 8.2 percent, while precipitation will tend to slightly decrease by 7.47 percent compared to 1960-1990. The model also forecasts warmer temperature by 10.97 percent and a slight decrease by 2.6 percent in precipitation in Hanoi by 2050. Scenario-based land use projection using the CLUMondo model reveals a higher urban expansion rate in Bangkok and Hanoi under “business as usual” (BAU) scenarios. Regarding the Green Growth (GG) scenario, forest cover in Hanoi is expected to increase at a higher rate than Bangkok by 2050. A projected increase in water demand by 2050 in both cities will come from agriculture and industrial expansion, an increase in the population, and higher living standards. Bangkok and Hanoi are particularly vulnerable to water shortage from less precipitation in 2050, which will cause water supply problems in the future. The combined impact of climate and land-use change by 2050 may lead to urban water supply problems. Urban planners and policymakers should consider the significant impacts of water security and prepare for city mitigation and adaptation to cope with these changes.

PENGEMBANGAN MODEL ANALISIS SPASIAL UNTUK MENSIMULASIKAN RESPON HIDROLOGI

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-310
Author(s):  
Asep Denih ◽  
Ema Kurnia ◽  
Umar Mansyur
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Environmental Consequences

Urban expansion is a major driving force altering local and regional hydrology. To explore these environmental consequences of urbanization this research would like to forecast the land-use change and assesses the long-term runoff water through hydrologic modeling. To know the detrimental effects of future disasters, especially drought, flood, and tropical storms, this research provided by a simulation technique, and based on two skenarios. First, simulation with a land-use change skenario. Second, simulation without a land-use change skenario. It provided by some parameters such as characteristics of catchments, land use, contour, river, soil, infiltration, and rainfall intensity. The objective of using different skenario is to know what kind of hydrological responses. Moreover, the outcomes would indicate that land use and climate change would likely be subjected to impacts the tremendous loss of life and damage due to excessive runoff and flooding. This is the primary watershed that affects the greater Jakarta urban zone, which has had increasingly severe flooding annually impacting and displacing hundreds of thousands of people. However, urbanization will considerably increase runoff water. Finally, the results of this research would have significant implications to support decision-makers, academia, and the wider public in preparing urban planning, water resources management, development of better regulations and their effective implementations. The techniques described in this proposed research can be used in other areas.

scholarly journals The Influence of Rainfall and Land Use/Land Cover Changes on River Discharge Variability in the Mountainous Catchment of the Bagmati River

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Tuladhar ◽  
Ashraf Dewan ◽  
Michael Kuhn ◽  
Robert J. Corner
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Bagmati River

Changes in rainfall and land use/land cover (LULC) can influence river discharge from a catchment in many ways. Homogenized river discharge data from three stations and average rainfall records, interpolated from 13 stations, were examined for long-term trends and decadal variations (1970–2017) in the headwater, upper and middle catchments of the Bagmati River. LULC changes over five decades were quantified using multitemporal Landsat images. Mann–Kendall tests on annual time series showed a significant decrease in river discharge (0.61% per year) from the entire Bagmati catchment, although the decrease in rainfall was statistically insignificant. However, declines in river discharge and rainfall were both significant in upper catchment. Decadal departures from long-term means support these trend results. Over tenfold growth in urban area and a decrease in agricultural land were observed in the upper catchment, while forest cover slightly increased in the entire catchment between 1975 and 2015. Correlation analysis showed a strong association between surface runoff, estimated using the curve number method, observed river discharge and rainfall in the upper catchment, while the relationship was weaker in the headwater catchment. These results were also supported by multiple regression analysis, suggesting that human activities together with climate change have contributed to river discharge changes in the Bagmati catchment.

scholarly journals DINÂMICA DO USO E COBERTURA DA TERRA DO MUNICÍPIO DE FLORESTA, PE

FLORESTA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Araújo Silva ◽  
Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo Ferreira ◽  
José Antônio Aleixo da Silva ◽  
Iêdo Bezerra Sá ◽  
Simone Mirtes Araújo Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Dense Vegetation ◽  
The City

Objetivou-se mapear a dinâmica de mudança do uso da terra e da cobertura florestal no período de 21 anos (1987 a 2008), no município de Floresta, PE. Foram utilizadas imagens de satélite LANDSAT 5 nos períodos de 1987, 1997 e 2008. Utilizou-se o aplicativo SPRING para elaboração da base de dados cartográficos e do processamento digital das imagens. As imagens foram segmentadas e classificadas pelo algoritmo de Bhattacharya, com a finalidade de produzir mapas temáticos nos seguintes usos da terra: vegetação densa, vegetação semidensa, solo exposto, agropecuária (cultivos/pecuária), corpos d´água e mata ciliar. Para um período de 21 anos, a cobertura florestal recuou 14,83%. O solo exposto teve um ganho de 8,61%, a classe agropecuária acumulou um ganho de 5,75%, os corpos d’água, ao longo do tempo, demonstraram um aumento de 4,03% e a mata ciliar teve tendência à queda ao longo dos períodos analisados, com uma perda total de 3,57%. Esses dados refletem as transformações por que o município de Floresta vem passando quanto ao uso da terra. A diminuição da cobertura florestal do município entre 1987 e 2008 foi a principal consequência da interação clima e pressão antrópica por recursos florestais, necessidade de expansão urbana e atividades agropecuárias.Palavras chave: Sensoriamento remoto; gestão florestal; semiárido; caatinga. AbstractUse dinamics and land cover in Floresta-PE. The objective was to map the dynamic changes of land use and forest cover in the last 21 years (1987 to 2008), the City of Forest-PE. We used satellite images LANDSAT 5 periods in 1987, 1997 and 2008. We used the SPRING software for compiling the database and cartographic processing of digital images. The images were segmented and classified by the algorithm Bhattacharya, in order to produce thematic maps in the following land uses: dense vegetation, semi-dense vegetation, bare soil, agriculture (crops / livestock), water bodies and riparian vegetation. For a period of 21 years the forest cover decreased by 14.83%. The soil was exposed to a gain of 8.61%, the class agricultural accumulated gain of 5.75%, water bodies, over time, showed an increase of 4.03% and riparian tended to fall over the periods analyzed with a total loss of 3.57%. These data reflect the changes that the city has been experiencing as of forest land use. The decrease in forest cover between 1987 and 2008 the city was the main consequence of the interaction of climate and anthropogenic pressure forest resources, need for urban expansion and agricultural activities.Keywords: Remote sensing; forest management; semiarid; caatinga.

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