Integrated analysis of climate, land use and water for resilience urban megacities: A case study of Thailand and Viet Nam

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sathaporn Monprapussorn ◽  
Le Phoung Ha
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation

ABSTRACT This research aims to explore the integration of land use, climate, and water resources for urban resilience in Bangkok, Thailand and Hanoi, Viet Nam, both of which are megacities of Southeast Asia. Climate projections using the WorldClim database for 2050 in Bangkok reveal an increase in temperature by 8.2 percent, while precipitation will tend to slightly decrease by 7.47 percent compared to 1960-1990. The model also forecasts warmer temperature by 10.97 percent and a slight decrease by 2.6 percent in precipitation in Hanoi by 2050. Scenario-based land use projection using the CLUMondo model reveals a higher urban expansion rate in Bangkok and Hanoi under “business as usual” (BAU) scenarios. Regarding the Green Growth (GG) scenario, forest cover in Hanoi is expected to increase at a higher rate than Bangkok by 2050. A projected increase in water demand by 2050 in both cities will come from agriculture and industrial expansion, an increase in the population, and higher living standards. Bangkok and Hanoi are particularly vulnerable to water shortage from less precipitation in 2050, which will cause water supply problems in the future. The combined impact of climate and land-use change by 2050 may lead to urban water supply problems. Urban planners and policymakers should consider the significant impacts of water security and prepare for city mitigation and adaptation to cope with these changes.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal variation of water supply in Guizhou Province, China

Water Policy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiqing Han ◽  
Yuxiang Dong
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Invest Model ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

Water supply is an important freshwater ecosystem service provided by ecosystems. Water shortages resulting from spatio-temporal heterogeneity of climate condition or human activities present serious problems in the Guizhou Province of southwest China. This study aimed to analyze the spatio-temporal changes of water supply service using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model, explore how climate and land-use changes impact water supply provision, and discuss the impact of parameters associated with climate and land-use in the InVEST model on water supply in the region. We used data and the model to forecast trends for the year 2030 and found that water supply has been declining in the region at the watershed scale since 1990. Climate and land-use change played important roles in affecting the water supply. Water supply was overwhelmingly driven by the reference evapotranspiration and annual average precipitation, while the plant evapotranspiration coefficients for each land-use type had a relatively small effect. The method for sensitivity analysis developed in this study allowed exploration of the relative importance of parameters in the InVEST water yield model. The Grain-for-Green project, afforestation, and urban expansion control should be accelerated in this region to protect the water supply.

scholarly journals Urbanization and Long-Term Forest Dynamics in a Metropolitan Region of Southern Europe (1936–2018)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 12164
Author(s):  
Leonardo Bianchini ◽  
Alvaro Marucci ◽  
Adele Sateriano ◽  
Valerio Di Stefano ◽  
Riccardo Alemanno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Dynamics ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Settlement Density

Although peri-urban landscapes in Southern Europe still preserve a relatively high level of biodiversity in relict natural places, urban expansion is progressively consuming agricultural land and, in some cases, forest cover. This phenomenon has (direct and indirect) environmental implications, both positive and negative. The present study contributes to clarifying the intrinsic nexus between long-term urban expansion and forest dynamics in a representative Mediterranean city based on diachronic land-use maps. We discuss some counterintuitive results of urbanization as far as forest expansion, wildfire risk, and biodiversity conservation are concerned. Forest dynamics were investigated at two time intervals (1936–1974 and 1974–2018) representing distinctive socioeconomic contexts in the Rome metropolitan area in Central Italy. Additionally, the spatial relationship between forest cover and urban growth was evaluated using settlement density as a target variable. All over the study area, forest cover grew moderately over time (from 18.3% to 19.9% in the total landscape), and decreased along the urban gradient (i.e., with settlement density) more rapidly in 2018 than in 1936. The diversification of forest types (Shannon H index) was higher in areas with medium-density settlements, indicating a tendency towards more heterogeneous and mixed structures in rural and peri-urban woods that undergo rising human pressure. The dominance of a given forest type (Simpson’s D index) was higher at high settlement density areas. Evenness (Pielou’s J index) was the highest at low settlement density areas. The long-term assessment of land-use dynamics in metropolitan fringes enriched with a spatially explicit analysis of forest types may inform regional planning and environmental conservation, which could delineate appropriate strategies for sustainable land management in Southern European cities.

scholarly journals DINÂMICA DO USO E COBERTURA DA TERRA DO MUNICÍPIO DE FLORESTA, PE

FLORESTA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Araújo Silva ◽  
Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo Ferreira ◽  
José Antônio Aleixo da Silva ◽  
Iêdo Bezerra Sá ◽  
Simone Mirtes Araújo Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Dense Vegetation ◽  
The City

Objetivou-se mapear a dinâmica de mudança do uso da terra e da cobertura florestal no período de 21 anos (1987 a 2008), no município de Floresta, PE. Foram utilizadas imagens de satélite LANDSAT 5 nos períodos de 1987, 1997 e 2008. Utilizou-se o aplicativo SPRING para elaboração da base de dados cartográficos e do processamento digital das imagens. As imagens foram segmentadas e classificadas pelo algoritmo de Bhattacharya, com a finalidade de produzir mapas temáticos nos seguintes usos da terra: vegetação densa, vegetação semidensa, solo exposto, agropecuária (cultivos/pecuária), corpos d´água e mata ciliar. Para um período de 21 anos, a cobertura florestal recuou 14,83%. O solo exposto teve um ganho de 8,61%, a classe agropecuária acumulou um ganho de 5,75%, os corpos d’água, ao longo do tempo, demonstraram um aumento de 4,03% e a mata ciliar teve tendência à queda ao longo dos períodos analisados, com uma perda total de 3,57%. Esses dados refletem as transformações por que o município de Floresta vem passando quanto ao uso da terra. A diminuição da cobertura florestal do município entre 1987 e 2008 foi a principal consequência da interação clima e pressão antrópica por recursos florestais, necessidade de expansão urbana e atividades agropecuárias.Palavras chave: Sensoriamento remoto; gestão florestal; semiárido; caatinga. AbstractUse dinamics and land cover in Floresta-PE. The objective was to map the dynamic changes of land use and forest cover in the last 21 years (1987 to 2008), the City of Forest-PE. We used satellite images LANDSAT 5 periods in 1987, 1997 and 2008. We used the SPRING software for compiling the database and cartographic processing of digital images. The images were segmented and classified by the algorithm Bhattacharya, in order to produce thematic maps in the following land uses: dense vegetation, semi-dense vegetation, bare soil, agriculture (crops / livestock), water bodies and riparian vegetation. For a period of 21 years the forest cover decreased by 14.83%. The soil was exposed to a gain of 8.61%, the class agricultural accumulated gain of 5.75%, water bodies, over time, showed an increase of 4.03% and riparian tended to fall over the periods analyzed with a total loss of 3.57%. These data reflect the changes that the city has been experiencing as of forest land use. The decrease in forest cover between 1987 and 2008 the city was the main consequence of the interaction of climate and anthropogenic pressure forest resources, need for urban expansion and agricultural activities.Keywords: Remote sensing; forest management; semiarid; caatinga.

scholarly journals INITIAL ASSESSMENT OF SOME RELATED SOCIO-ECONOMIC PARAMETERS UNDER THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AT DISTRICT 8 IN HO CHI MINH CITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2A) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Nguyen Phu Bao
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Economic Parameters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level Group ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

About 7.9 % of population is living in poverty at District 8, which is one of the most vulnerable areas to climate change in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). The impacts of climate change (CC) on some related socio-economic parameters at District 8 were assessed using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and livelihood vulnerability index (LVI). For this, four Asian Development Bank’s criteria including public health, transport, energy, and water supply and drainage (WSD) were used. In addition, however, six World Bank’s criteria including land use, population, gross domestic product (GDP), urban expansion, agriculture and wetland were also used just for initially trying whether or to what extent they can be useful for such downscaled application. Results of this study show that the level of CC impacts on the residential areas is rather high, with an average LVI of 0.056. In addition, the results of AHP shown that the impact levels on the study fields are determined to follow a decreasing order as: first level group including energy, water supply and drainage, transport, and public health (with total score 0.22); the second level group including land use and wetland (with total score 0.14); the third level group including population and urban expansion (with total score 0.1); and at last the fourth level group including GDP and agriculture (with total score 0.09).

Implication of Socio-economic Factors on Land Use and Forest Cover Changes in and Around Magamba Nature Reserve in Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-117
Author(s):  
Solomon Jeremiah Sembosi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Rural settlements in mountainous regions are a typical process that occurs in many places around the world and have a number of implications on the landscape. Among them is a threat it possesses to the conservation and management of Afromontane ecosystems. This study assessed the socio-economic factors that drive the changes in land use and forest cover and the extent of land use and vegetation cover in and around Magamba Nature Reserve. Focus group discussion, direct field observation and household survey were used to acquire socio-economic information that impacts land use and forest cover. Through the use of Remote Sensing and GIS methods Landsat satellite images of 1995, 2008 and 2015 were employed to identify the extent of the changes in land use and forest cover. The perceived factors for the changes include education level, unemployment, landless/limited, landholding, population pressure, expansion of built-up areas and agricultural land at the expense of other land covers. This study revealed the transformation of natural forest and associated vegetation from one form to another. There was a decrease in natural vegetation from 61.06% in 1995 to 26.02% in 2015 and increase in built-up areas by 6.69% and agricultural areas by 4.70%. This study recommends conservation monitoring and strong law enforcement relating to natural resources so as to promote sustainable use of resources to rescue the diminishing ecosystem services.

The effect of livestock on the concentration of nitrogen in stream water

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 167-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoko Shimura ◽  
Toshio Tabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Specific Load

Recently NO3-N concentrations of the rivers that flow into the Kasumigaura lake have increased. The lake is much eutrophicated and is used as a source of water supply for Tsuchiura-city. Stocking density and NO3-N specific load have a high correlation (r=0.93). NO3-N concentrations increase corresponding to the increase of stocking density. In this area the livestock has a larger influence to the nitrogen concentration of the rivers than the land use.

scholarly journals Spatial-Temporal Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Urban Areas Using Remote Sensing Images and GIS Analysis: The Case Study of Opole, Poland

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Barbara Wiatkowska ◽  
Janusz Słodczyk ◽  
Aleksandra Stokowska
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Management Procedures

Urban expansion is a dynamic and complex phenomenon, often involving adverse changes in land use and land cover (LULC). This paper uses satellite imagery from Landsat-5 TM, Landsat-8 OLI, Sentinel-2 MSI, and GIS technology to analyse LULC changes in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. The research was carried out in Opole, the capital of the Opole Agglomeration (south-western Poland). Maps produced from supervised spectral classification of remote sensing data revealed that in 20 years, built-up areas have increased about 40%, mainly at the expense of agricultural land. Detection of changes in the spatial pattern of LULC showed that the highest average rate of increase in built-up areas occurred in the zone 3–6 km (11.7%) and above 6 km (10.4%) from the centre of Opole. The analysis of the increase of built-up land in relation to the decreasing population (SDG 11.3.1) has confirmed the ongoing process of demographic suburbanisation. The paper shows that satellite imagery and GIS can be a valuable tool for local authorities and planners to monitor the scale of urbanisation processes for the purpose of adapting space management procedures to the changing environment.

scholarly journals Investigating impact of land-use and land cover changes on hydro-ecological balance using GIS: insights from IIT Bombay, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aman Srivastava ◽  
Pennan Chinnasamy
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Barren Land ◽  
Ecological Balance ◽  
Lulc Changes

AbstractThe present study, for the first time, examined land-use land cover (LULC), changes using GIS, between 2000 and 2018 for the IIT Bombay campus, India. Objective was to evaluate hydro-ecological balance inside campus by determining spatio-temporal disparity between hydrological parameters (rainfall-runoff processes), ecological components (forest, vegetation, lake, barren land), and anthropogenic stressors (urbanization and encroachments). High-resolution satellite imageries were generated for the campus using Google Earth Pro, by manual supervised classification method. Rainfall patterns were studied using secondary data sources, and surface runoff was estimated using SCS-CN method. Additionally, reconnaissance surveys, ground-truthing, and qualitative investigations were conducted to validate LULC changes and hydro-ecological stability. LULC of 2018 showed forest, having an area cover of 52%, as the most dominating land use followed by built-up (43%). Results indicated that the area under built-up increased by 40% and playground by 7%. Despite rapid construction activities, forest cover and Powai lake remained unaffected. This anomaly was attributed to the drastically declining barren land area (up to ~ 98%) encompassing additional construction activities. Sustainability of the campus was demonstrated with appropriate measures undertaken to mitigate negative consequences of unwarranted floods owing to the rise of 6% in the forest cover and a decline of 21% in water hyacinth cover over Powai lake. Due to this, surface runoff (~ 61% of the rainfall) was observed approximately consistent and being managed appropriately despite major alterations in the LULC. Study concluded that systematic campus design with effective implementation of green initiatives can maintain a hydro-ecological balance without distressing the environmental services.

scholarly journals Toward a Dualistic Growth? Population Increase and Land-Use Change in Rome, Italy

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 749
Author(s):  
Leonardo Bianchini ◽  
Gianluca Egidi ◽  
Ahmed Alhuseen ◽  
Adele Sateriano ◽  
Sirio Cividino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Per Capita

The spatial mismatch between population growth and settlement expansion is at the base of current models of urban growth. Empirical evidence is increasingly required to inform planning measures promoting urban containment in the context of a stable (or declining) population. In these regards, per-capita indicators of land-use change can be adopted with the aim at evaluating long-term sustainability of urbanization processes. The present study assesses spatial variations in per-capita indicators of land-use change in Rome, Central Italy, at five years (1949, 1974, 1999, 2008, and 2016) with the final objective of quantifying the mismatch between urban expansion and population growth. Originally specialized in agricultural productions, Rome’s metropolitan area is a paradigmatic example of dispersed urban expansion in the Mediterranean basin. By considering multiple land-use dynamics, per-capita indicators of landscape change delineated three distinctive waves of growth corresponding with urbanization, suburbanization, and a more mixed stage with counter-urbanization and re-urbanization impulses. By reflecting different socioeconomic contexts on a local scale, urban fabric and forests were identified as the ‘winner’ classes, expanding homogeneously over time at the expense of cropland. Agricultural landscapes experienced a more heterogeneous trend with arable land and pastures declining systematically and more fragmented land classes (e.g., vineyards and olive groves) displaying stable (or slightly increasing) trends. The continuous reduction of per-capita surface area of cropland that’s supports a reduced production base, which is now insufficient to satisfy the rising demand for fresh food at the metropolitan scale, indicates the unsustainability of the current development in Rome and more generally in the whole Mediterranean basin, a region specialized traditionally in (proximity) agricultural productions.

scholarly journals Sources of and Control Measures for PTE Pollution in Soil at the Urban Fringe in Weinan, China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 762
Author(s):  
Lei Han ◽  
Rui Chen ◽  
Zhao Liu ◽  
Shanshan Chang ◽  
Yonghua Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Urban Fringe ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Kriging Interpolation Method ◽  
The Impact

The environment of the urban fringe is complex and frangible. With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the urban fringe has become the primary space for urban expansion, and the intense human activities create a high risk of potentially toxic element (PTE) pollution in the soil. In this study, 138 surface soil samples were collected from a region undergoing rapid urbanization and construction—Weinan, China. Concentrations of As, Pb, Cr, Cu, and Ni (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, ICP-MS) and Hg (Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry, AFS) were measured. The Kriging interpolation method was used to create a visualization of the spatial distribution characteristics and to analyze the pollution sources of PTEs in the soil. The pollution status of PTEs in the soil was evaluated using the national environmental quality standards for soils in different types of land use. The results show that the content range of As fluctuated a small amount and the coefficient of variation is small and mainly comes from natural soil formation. The content of Cr, Cu, and Ni around the automobile repair factory, the prefabrication factory, and the building material factory increased due to the deposition of wear particles in the soil. A total of 13.99% of the land in the study area had Hg pollution, which was mainly distributed on category 1 development land and farmland. Chemical plants were the main pollution sources. The study area should strictly control the industrial pollution emissions, regulate the agricultural production, adjust the land use planning, and reduce the impact of pollution on human beings. Furthermore, we make targeted remediation suggestions for each specific land use type. These results are of theoretical significance, will be of practical value for the control of PTEs in soil, and will provide ecological environmental protection in the urban fringe throughout the urbanization process.

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