scholarly journals Emerging Technologies and Innovation—Hopes for and Obstacles to Inclusive Societal Co-Construction

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13197
Author(s):  
Harald König ◽  
Martina F. Baumann ◽  
Christopher Coenen
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Sustainability Research ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Media ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Responsible Research

Since the late twentieth century, the concept of emerging technologies, fields designated as such and their governance have received increasing attention in academia, the media and policymaking. This also applies to the strongly interdisciplinary field of technology assessment (TA), sustainability research (SR), and activities and discussions about responsible (research and) innovation (RI/RRI). A crucial question in this context is how these technologies can be developed and governed in an inclusive manner in order to foster societally beneficial and widely accepted innovations. Given the diversity of values and socio-economic interests, such inclusive societal co-construction is not easy to achieve. Discussing various fields of emerging technology (applications) and based on the results of pertinent earlier research and dialogue activities, this article analyses hopes for and obstacles to such co-construction. It concludes with a plea to integrate meta-consensus approaches in governance conceptions for emerging technologies in RI/RRI, SR and TA.

Comity in Context: Confrontation in Historical Perspective

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M. Uslaner
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Congress ◽  
New Members ◽  
General Argument ◽  
Legislative Reform ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Media ◽  
Civil War Era ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Comity in Congress is adherence to the norms of courtesy and reciprocity within a ‘regular order’. There has been a decline of comity in the United States Congress since the 1970s. Institutional causes, such as legislative reform, increased reliance on the media and an influx of new members, are discussed and discarded. Instead, a societal explanation appears to be more useful: the decline of comity in the Congress reflects the decline of comity in the country. A comparison of the late twentieth century with the pre-Civil War era supports this general argument. It also offers little hope for the return of civility.

Internet and Media in American Folklore and Folklife

2019 ◽  
pp. 597-624
Author(s):  
David J. Puglia
Keyword(s):  
Media Studies ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Media ◽  
American Folklore ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The media of print, radio, film, television, and especially the Internet are subjects as well as sources of folklore and folklife. Following the rise of the Internet in the late twentieth century, and its proliferation in the early twenty-first century, bringing with it Web 2.0 and the performative folk web, folklorists increasingly turned to the Internet to research folk processes and compare them to the kinds of transmission in face-to-face communities. Digital folklore—with “memes” being most recognizable—flourishes online, and the Internet creates new traditional forms and practices. The Internet challenges long-standing assumptions, definitions, methods, and theories in what has been called the predigital or analog era. Folklore and folklife research of media and digital technology contributes to the broader field of communication and media studies by emphasizing the continued importance of informal culture and group aesthetics in technologically mediated environments.

Meaning and Mechanism in Psychotherapy and General Psychiatry

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Moral Panic ◽  
General Psychiatry ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Media ◽  
New Year’S Eve ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

On New year's Eve 1992 a man suffering from schizophrenia climbed into a lions' cage at the London Zoo and was badly mauled. This event provoked a full-scale moral panic among the media and government, the tragedy seeming to violate many of the comfortable myths about progress in psychiatry, echoing the impact of the civil war in former Yugoslavia which had shattered the hope of an era of unbroken European peace following the end of the cold war. Whatever we may wish in reality the lion does not lie down with the lamb. Daniel the visionary, the interpreter of dreams, the one who asserted that his God, the God of angels and saints with power over man and beasts would eventually endure, while all earthly kings were found wanting, emerged from the lions’ den unscathed—but secular, psychiatric, suffering, decarcer-ated, visionless, late-twentieth-century man does not.

‘Love Means Jealousy’: A Jealousy Epidemic in Post-war Italy?

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-159
Author(s):  
Niamh Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
The South ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Emotional Language ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Media ◽  
Controlling Behaviour ◽  
Post War ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This chapter explores how the behaviour and attitudes associated with honour were made more acceptable in the late twentieth century by being repackaged in the emotional language of jealousy, as couples increasingly married for love rather than family reasons. When we widen the lens to look for jealousy rather than honour, we see that in contrast to the media picture, the masculine controlling behaviour associated with jealousy and honour was widespread everywhere in Italy and not just in the south. Indeed, when we turn to the mass media—magazines and film in particular—we get the impression of what might be termed a jealousy epidemic in Italy. This chapter uses a diverse range of sources—from film, magazines, and crime reportage to diaries and memoirs—to trace how people thought about jealousy and how they experienced it in these years. We will see how it was often represented as illness or madness and could also be experienced as such. Indeed, much more than love, jealousy was likely to be described as an intense bodily experience. It was also something that many Italians were keen to distance themselves from and to combat, whether in society at large or in themselves.

scholarly journals Research and Scientific Advice in the Second Modernity: Technology Assessment, Responsible Research and Innovation, and Sustainability Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10406
Author(s):  
Armin Grunwald
Keyword(s):  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Responsible Research And Innovation ◽  
Reflexive Modernization ◽  
Limits To Growth ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Sustainability Research ◽  
Second Modernity ◽  
Crisis Of Modernity ◽  
Paper Technology ◽  
Responsible Research

The scientific and technological advance has been a major driving force of modernization for centuries. However, the 20th century was full of indications and diagnoses of a deep crisis of modernity. Currently, debates on limits to growth, pollution, and climate change indicate the serious and threatening lack of sustainability of the so-called ‘first modernity’. This crisis of modernity has motivated scholars to develop concepts of modernizing modernity, with the approach of a ‘reflexive modernization’ to reach a ‘second modernity’ being prominent. In this paper, Technology Assessment (TA), Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI), and Sustainability Research (SR) are regarded as manifestations of this reflexive modernization in the field of problem-oriented and transformative research. The paper aims to (a) unfold the hypothesis regarding TA, RRI, and SR as scientific approaches within reflexive modernization, (b) clarify the respective meaning of ‘reflexive’ in these approaches, (c) identify commonalities as well as differences between the three approaches, and (d) draw conclusions for the relation and further development of TA, RRI, and SR.

Justice to Charity

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren E. Lomasky
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Moral Consciousness ◽  
Ethical Codes ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Media ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Michael Jackson

Despite what one may be led to believe by breathless reports in the media, the acme of misery in America is not the woes, financial and otherwise, of Donald Trump and Michael Jackson. People lose their jobs, have their assets drained by reversals of fortune, suffer from illiteracy, malnutrition, lack of shelter, and other mishaps. The circumstances in which they find themselves are genuinely distressing. It would be an odd understanding indeed that failed to find these circumstances directly relevant to what morality asks of us. If morality is to count for anything, then surely it must take notice of exigent need. This is not merely the deliverance of a late twentieth-century Western moral consciousness massaged by the blessings of comparative affluence and graced with a newfound awareness of social justice. All traditional ethical codes of which I am aware, sacred and secular, demand that one take the distress of one's neighbor as bearing on one's own activities. “Am I my brother's keeper?” is the question; the well-nigh universal answer is “Yes.” The disposition to be moved by and respond to distress is the virtue of charity.

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