scholarly journals Towards Sustainable Use of Machine Translation: Usability and Perceived Quality from the End-User Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13430
Author(s):  
Ramunė Kasperė ◽  
Jolita Horbačauskienė ◽  
Jurgita Motiejūnienė ◽  
Vilmantė Liubinienė ◽  
Irena Patašienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
End User ◽  
User Perspective ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
User Acceptability ◽  
Research Findings

Artificial intelligence-grounded machine translation has fundamentally changed public awareness and attitudes towards multilingual communication. In some language pairs, the accuracy, quality and efficiency of machine-translated texts of certain types can be quite high. Hence, the end-user acceptability and reliance on machine-translated content could be justified. However, machine translation in small and/or low-resource languages might yield significantly lower quality, which in turn may lead to potentially negative consequences and risks if machine translation is used in high-risk contexts without awareness of the drawbacks, critical assessment and modifications to the raw output. The current study, which is part of a more extensive project focusing on the societal impact of machine translation, is aimed at revealing the attitudes towards usability and quality as perceived from the end-user perspective. The research questions addressed revolve around the machine translation types used, purposes of using machine translation, perceived quality of the generated output, and actions taken to improve the quality by users with various backgrounds. The research findings rely on a survey of the population (N = 402) conducted in 2021 in Lithuania. The study reveals the frequent use of machine translation for a diversity of purposes. The most common uses include work, research and studies, and household environments. A higher level of education correlates with user dissatisfaction with the generated quality and actions taken to improve it. The findings also reveal that age correlates with the use of machine translation. Sustainable measures to reduce machine translation related risks have to be established based on the perceptions of different social groups in different societies and cultures.

Public Awareness and the Behavior of Unpopular Courts

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Jay N. Krehbiel
Keyword(s):  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Public Support ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Constitutional Review ◽  
Institutional Stakeholders

Abstract Scholars have long debated the positive and negative consequences of an aware public for the quality of governance in modern liberal democracies. This article extends this debate to the context of constitutional review by exploring how public awareness can limit the effective exercise of review by courts lacking strong public support. Incorporating aspects of both the legitimacy and separation of powers theories on judicial power, the author argues that public awareness weakens the efficacy of such unpopular courts by creating an electoral incentive for governments to defy adverse rulings, even when doing so may lead to punishment from other institutional stakeholders. The article develops a simple formal model that identifies how and under what conditions public awareness can influence an unpopular court's decision making. An analysis of rulings issued by the Court of Justice of the European Union finds support for the model's empirical implications.

Kyoto and gas use: End user perspective

Natural Gas ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Edward J. Grenier
Keyword(s):  
End User ◽  
User Perspective

Spreadsheets and OR/MS Models: An End-User Perspective

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Leon ◽  
Zbigniew Przasnyski ◽  
Kala Chand Seal
Keyword(s):  
End User ◽  
User Perspective

scholarly journals Internet-of-Things and Smart Homes for Elderly Healthcare: An End User Perspective

IEEE Access ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 10483-10496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debajyoti Pal ◽  
Suree Funilkul ◽  
Nipon Charoenkitkarn ◽  
Prasert Kanthamanon
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Smart Homes ◽  
End User ◽  
User Perspective ◽  
Elderly Healthcare

Mandatory urban rainwater harvesting: learning from experience

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1200-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Gabe ◽  
Sam Trowsdale ◽  
Diveshkumar Mistry
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Marginal Utility ◽  
Empirical Knowledge ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Learning From Experience ◽  
End User ◽  
User Perspective ◽  
The Social ◽  
Semistructured Interviews

Rainwater harvesting is effectively mandated in several urban areas of New Zealand. To understand the costs and benefits of rainwater harvesting from an end-user perspective, semistructured interviews were conducted with 14 homeowners in northern Auckland affected by these regulations. Residents report differences in four aspects of urban rainwater infrastructure – security of supply, water quality, the learning process and financial costs – that could represent key values for public acceptance. When responses are examined from the perspective of experience that has built empirical knowledge, participants explained how their satisfaction with rainwater harvesting increased over time. We hypothesise that for those lacking experience, urban rainwater consumption is a function of empirical knowledge and has initially rising marginal utility. Regulation that recognises the costs of social learning is likely to be a more effective pathway towards maximising the social benefits associated with integrated urban water management.

Common issues related to children’s environmental health in the Asia-Pacific region

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Brittany A. Trottier ◽  
Daam Settachan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Research Collaborations ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Children’S Environmental Health ◽  
Research Findings

AbstractThis summary reports on the outcomes and common issues faced among the countries represented at the Asia-Pacific Regional Meeting on Children’s Environmental Health, a meeting that was held at the Chulabhorn Research Institute in Bangkok, Thailand, and which focused on cross-cutting issues and commonalities among countries/regions, discussion of lessons learnt, exploring opportunities for policy-relevant research collaborations, and reviewing available educational tools to help translate research findings into tangible outputs. The common children’s environmental health issues faced by countries in the Asia-Pacific region include indoor and outdoor air pollution; unregulated and inadequate waste management; chemical and infectious agents in water used for drinking and cooking; hazardous pesticide use; and climate change and extreme weather events. The meeting participants agreed there is a need for multisectoral involvement in each country to develop frameworks and guidelines, raising public awareness of risk, and managing exposures in order to tackle these common issues. Networking will allow countries to learn from each other and enhance their efforts to protect not only the health of children, but also that of the rest of the population at risk.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on Residents’ Willingness to Consume Wild Animals: Empirical Insights From China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Ruishi ◽  
Lu Qian ◽  
Noshaba Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Market Control ◽  
The Government ◽  
Household Heads

Abstract Background: It is argued that wild animals are the culprit of transmission of COVID-19 and poor health of the people, though any evidence is not found, the government has widely publicized the risk allied with eating wild animals. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the effect of COVID-19 on residents’ willingness to consume wild animals (WCWA) and their amount of willingness to pay (AWP). Methods: Data were gathered online from 1250 household heads of both urban and rural residents of Hubei, Hunan, and Guangdong provinces during the period of 19th to 26th March 2020 and Probit and Tobit model is employed to meet the study objectives. Results: The results showed that around 39.20% of residents are willing to consume wild animals and their amount of willingness to pay was 34.65 USD/year. In the context of market control policy & home restriction policy, the mediating effect is 34.20% & 27.73% respectively. In contrast, in the context of ecological environment risk and food security risk perception, the mediating effects are 7.94% and 10.16% respectively. Conclusions: Although COVID-19 reduced the probability of residents’ WCWA, the effect on AWP was not significant. Moreover, COVID-19’s effects on residents’ WCWA through market control and home restriction policies were strong, but perceptions of the ecological environment and food safety risk were relatively weak. These results provide insights for policymakers in terms of raising public awareness of the negative consequences of consuming wild animals and increasing knowledge of the animals’ protection.

scholarly journals ANALYSING FACTORS FOR COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Heri Puspito Diyah Setiyorini ◽  
Rini Andari ◽  
Juju Masunah
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Community Collaboration ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Place Satisfaction

This study aims to understand the perceptions of local communities to participate in tourism development. The method used in the research is a quantitative approach. Questionnaires were distributed to local communities in major destinations in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. There were 200 data set analyzed by factor analysis. The result showed that from 28 indicators of community participation, eight groups of factors formed. The groups are 1) place attachments; 2) perception of negative consequences; 3) Community Involvement; 4) Infrastructure Development; 5) Place Satisfaction; 6) Economic Benefit; 7) Government Support; 8) Community Collaboration. This result also shows that place attachment, perception of negative consequences, place satisfaction, and community collaboration have higher factor loading compares to other groups. The finding implies that in gaining community participation, these factors could be considered as the essence of communication message in raising public awareness and participation for tourism development.

scholarly journals Egypt: Encourage journalists to cover reproductive health

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Project Staff ◽  
Marriage Patterns ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
The Press ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Regular Flow ◽  
Evaluation Sheet

To raise public awareness of reproductive health (RH) issues, the Population Council’s Frontiers project and the Futures Group’s Policy project jointly organized four press briefings and provided background materials to key journalists from Arabic newspapers and magazines. From May 1999 to June 2000, project staff worked closely with 20 Egyptian journalists, including editors of women’s pages and senior editors. The press briefings covered youth, marriage patterns, contraceptive technology, and menopause. The press kit prepared for each briefing contained fact sheets, reference materials, a contact list of key experts, and an evaluation sheet. To assess RH reporting and track coverage resulting from the intervention, project staff monitored eight major Arabic newspapers and nine magazines daily. All articles on RH were coded according to their topic, length, and use of research findings. As noted in this brief, after Egyptian print journalists attended briefings on RH issues, their reporting of these issues improved. Health agencies can improve coverage of RH issues by providing a regular flow of accurate information to a broad range of journalists.

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