Efficiency of Different Moringa oleifera (Lam.) Varieties as Natural Coagulants for Urban Wastewater Treatment

There is a great need to find cheaper but still efficient treatment methods for wastewater. This study aimed to test the purifying performance of three different Moringa oleifera varieties that were cultivated in Tunisia on raw (RUW) and secondary treated urban wastewater (TUW). The seeds of the Mornag, Egyptian, and Indian varieties were powdered, added to the water (at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 150 mg·L−1), and stirred for 45 min at 120 rpm, and then left to settle for two hours. A physicochemical characterization of the wastewater was carried out before and after treatment. The investigated treatments decontaminated both types of urban wastewater. The best treatments were obtained with the Egyptian variety (at 150 mg·L−1), which excelled at the reduction of EC, TSS, BOD5, Cl, SO4, Ca, Na, Cd, and Fe in RUW and BOD5, EC, Na, Mg, Cl, and Cd in TUW. High amounts of TKN was found in both types of Moringa-treated wastewater, meaning that it could be used in agricultural irrigation, leading to less use of chemical nitrogen fertilizers and thus improving sustainability for crops, soils, animals, and humans. The Egyptian Moringa variety constitutes a cost-effective and environmentally friendly adsorbent that can be used as a replacement for more expensive treatment technologies.

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Urban wastewater treatment technologies and the implementation of discharge standards in developing countries

Urban Water ◽

10.1016/s1462-0758(01)00066-8 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 105-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Marcos von Sperling ◽

Carlos Augusto de Lemos Chernicharo

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Urban Wastewater ◽

Treatment Technologies ◽

Urban Wastewater Treatment

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A Mini-Review of Urban Wastewater Treatment in Greece: History, Development and Future Challenges

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12156133 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (15) ◽

pp. 6133

Author(s):

Charikleia Prochaska ◽

Anastasios Zouboulis

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Septic Tank ◽

Urban Wastewater ◽

Tourism Sector ◽

Future Challenges ◽

Urban Wastewater Treatment

Although Greece has accomplished wastewater infrastructure construction to a large extent, as 91% of the country’s population is already connected to urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), many problems still need to be faced. These include the limited reuse of treated wastewater and of the surplus sludge (biosolids) produced, the relative higher energy consumption in the existing rather aged WWTPs infrastructure, and the proper management of failing or inadequately designed septic tank/soil absorption systems, still in use in several (mostly rural) areas, lacking sewerage systems. Moreover, the wastewater treatment sector should be examined in the general framework of sustainable environmental development; therefore, Greece’s future challenges in this sector ought to be reconsidered. Thus, the review of Greece’s urban wastewater history, even from the ancient times, up to current developments and trends, will be shortly addressed. This study also notes that the remaining challenges should be analyzed in respect to the country’s specific needs (e.g., interaction with the extensive tourism sector), as well as to the European Union’s relevant framework policies and to the respective international technological trends, aiming to consider the WWTPs not only as sites for the treatment/removal of pollutants to prevent environmental pollution, but also as industrial places where energy is efficiently used (or even produced), resources’ content can be potentially recovered and reused (e.g., nutrients, treated water, biosolids), and environmental sustainability is being practiced overall.

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Sustainability Study of In-situ Hydroponic Vetiver System for Urban Wastewater Management in Developing Countries: A Theoretical Review

Asian Journal of Water Environment and Pollution ◽

10.3233/ajw200056 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 97-103

Author(s):

Kaushik Ghosh ◽

Arup Sarkar

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Wastewater Management ◽

Urban Wastewater ◽

Current State ◽

Cost Effective Alternative ◽

Urban Wastewater Treatment

Urban wastewater management is a crucial challenge in the small and medium towns situated in the developing countries worldwide. These towns are also facing an increasing gap between infrastructure and population growth. A conventional approach to curb these problems is the application of cost-intensive electro-mechanical sewerage technologies, as adopted in developed countries. The first part of this paper derives a set of indicators to framework a sustainable urban wastewater treatment system by reviewing the current state of wastewater management in developing countries, for example, the sample case study being India. The second part evaluates the potential performance of the proposed alternative in-situ hydroponic vetiver system (HVS) against those set of sustainability indicators by reviewing the worldwide performance of the HVS. The objective of this paper is to assess the potential viability of the HVS as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative for developing countries. The current analysis can aid in mainstreaming the use of HVS in policy making and urban planning.

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Extremophilic Microalgae Galdieria Gen. for Urban Wastewater Treatment: Current State, the Case of “POWER” System, and Future Prospects

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10112343 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2343

Author(s):

Maria Rosa di Cicco ◽

Manuela Iovinella ◽

Maria Palmieri ◽

Carmine Lubritto ◽

Claudia Ciniglia

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Single Step ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Future Research ◽

Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽

Urban Wastewater ◽

Current State ◽

Natural Tolerance ◽

Urban Wastewater Treatment

Over the past decades, wastewater research has increasingly focused on the use of microalgae as a tool to remove contaminants, entrapping nutrients, and whose biomass could provide both material and energy resources. This review covers the advances in the emerging research on the use in wastewater sector of thermoacidophilic, low-lipid microalgae of the genus Galdieria, which exhibit high content of protein, reserve carbohydrates, and other potentially extractable high-value compounds. The natural tolerance of Galdieria for high toxic environments and hot climates recently made it a key player in a single-step process for municipal wastewater treatment, biomass cultivation and production of energetic compounds using hydrothermal liquefaction. In this system developed in New Mexico, Galdieria proved to be a highly performing organism, able to restore the composition of the effluent to the standards required by the current legislation for the discharge of treated wastewater. Future research efforts should focus on the implementation, in the context of wastewater treatment, of more energetically efficient cultivation systems, potentially capable of generating water with increasingly higher purity levels.

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Environmental impact assessment of advanced urban wastewater treatment technologies for the removal of priority substances and contaminants of emerging concern: A review

Journal of Cleaner Production ◽

10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121078 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 261 ◽

pp. 121078 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Joana F.J.R. Pesqueira ◽

M. Fernando R. Pereira ◽

Adrián M.T. Silva

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Environmental Impact ◽

Impact Assessment ◽

Environmental Impact Assessment ◽

Contaminants Of Emerging Concern ◽

Priority Substances ◽

Urban Wastewater ◽

Treatment Technologies ◽

Urban Wastewater Treatment

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How does urban wastewater treatment affect the microbial quality of treated wastewater?

Process Safety and Environmental Protection ◽

10.1016/j.psep.2019.07.016 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 130 ◽

pp. 22-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andrea López ◽

Jorge Rodríguez-Chueca ◽

Rosa Mosteo ◽

Jairo Gómez ◽

E. Rubio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Microbial Quality ◽

Urban Wastewater ◽

Urban Wastewater Treatment

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Potential of natural treatment technologies for wastewater management in India

Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development ◽

10.2166/washdev.2013.016 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 500-511 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

M. Starkl ◽

P. Amerasinghe ◽

L. Essl ◽

M. Jampani ◽

D. Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Acceptance ◽

Sustainability Assessment ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Wastewater Management ◽

Natural Treatment Systems ◽

Natural Treatment ◽

High Population Growth ◽

Scarce Water ◽

Treatment Technologies

High population growth, increasing urbanization and rapid economic development are exerting pressure on the already scarce water resources in India. Treatment and reuse of wastewater can play an important role in addressing some of the urban water challenges. Conventional treatment plants have many challenges, therefore, natural treatment systems (NTSs) are viewed as a cost-effective alternative, which are more suitable in the Indian context. This study builds on a desktop study of NTSs and presents a rapid sustainability assessment of 12 NTSs, highlighting the potential and viability of NTSs in India. The results show that the NTSs have a high potential for wastewater treatment. However, there are still gaps in knowledge related to aspects that hinder the sustainability of the systems. Risks associated with reuse of treated wastewater in agriculture, operational problems and social acceptance were perceived as frequent challenges. Self-sustaining financing methods and the use of by-products were viewed as added benefits.

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A performance indicators system for urban wastewater treatment plants

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2010.526 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 62 (10) ◽

pp. 2398-2407 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Sílvia Quadros ◽

Maria João Rosa ◽

Helena Alegre ◽

Catarina Silva

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Performance Indicators ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Assessment System ◽

Urban Wastewater ◽

Performance Assessment System ◽

Overall Performance ◽

Urban Wastewater Treatment ◽

A Performance

A performance assessment system (PAS) is an important instrument to provide a cost-effective and sustainable management of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Despite the fact that many PASs have been developed in recent years, important aspects of WWTP evaluation have not yet been considered. This paper presents the framework and the overall performance indicators of a PAS developed for urban WWTPs.

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