Spearmint (Mentha spicata) Cultivation in Decoupled Aquaponics with Three Hydro-Components (Grow Pipes, Raft, Gravel) and African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Production in Northern Germany

Mint (Mentha spicata) was cultivated in different hydroponic components: grow pipes, a raft and an ebb-and-flood gravel substrate system irrigated with aquaculture effluents from intensive African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) production under decoupled aquaponic conditions in northern Germany. The spearmint grew well and plant heights above ground were not significantly different between the gravel (57.7 ± 13.1 cm), raft (58.0 ± 17.7 cm) and grow pipe components (63.6 ± 9.9 cm). Root lengths and root fresh weights were two-fold and four-fold higher in raft (64.3 ± 20.5 cm; 42.8 ± 29.9 g) and grow pipes (59.4 ± 15.2 cm; 41.3 ± 25.7 g) compared with gravel substrate (29.7 ± 7.8 cm; 9.4 ± 9.4 g; raft = grow pipes > gravel). Spearmint leaf number was significantly higher in the grow pipes (770.0 ± 224.4) than in the gravel substrate (499.8 ± 228.4) with intermediate values in the raft. Significantly highest mean fresh biomass was found in the raft (1275.6 ± 33.4 g), followed by grow pipes (1042.0 ± 35.8 g) and gravel substrate (686.3 ± 98.2 g; raft > grow pipes > gravel). M. spicata, under aquaponics, grows best in grow pipe and raft components. An increase in pipe diameter for the grow pipes and a reduction in the channel height for the raft components could optimize aquaponic culture conditions for both industrial production and the hobby sector in the future.

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Aquaponics (s.l.) Production of Spearmint (Mentha spicata) with African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Northern Germany

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12208717 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (20) ◽

pp. 8717

Author(s):

Ulrich Knaus ◽

Lisa Carolina Wenzel ◽

Samuel Appelbaum ◽

Harry Wilhelm Palm

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Stocking Density ◽

Leaf Length ◽

African Catfish ◽

Northern Germany ◽

Mentha Spicata ◽

Liquid Fertilizer ◽

Fresh Biomass

Aquaponics production of spearmint (Mentha spicata) was evaluated under commercial grow-out conditions of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Northern Germany (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania). Fish batch production under different stocking densities in an extensive aquacultural unit (EAU) and an intensive aquacultural unit (IAU) was connected to conventional plant cultivation on ebb-and-flood planting tables and compared to a liquid fertilizer control. The best growth parameters of M. spicata were found under the intensive stocking density of C. gariepinus (IAU), resulting in a plant leaf area of 10.9 ± 2.5 cm2, leaf length of 8.6 ± 1.6 cm, and a cut fresh biomass from aboveground of 31.8 ± 13.8 g/plant, compared to the EAU (5.6 ± 2.1 cm2; 5.4 ± 1.4 cm; 17.4 ± 4.7 g/plant) and the control (5.7 ± 2.2 cm2; 5.5 ± 1.4 cm; 11.2 ± 5.3 g/plant). The fresh biomass of the whole plants was not significantly different between the EAU (165.5 ± 71.7 g/plant) and the IAU (190.7 ± 105.6 g/plant), though the latter gained more weight. The initial fish number ratio between the EAU and the IAU of 1/4 increased the M. spicata leaf area by twofold in the IAU. Our results demonstrate that aquaponics (s.l.) production of M. spicata is possible under the direct use of effluent waters from intensive African catfish cultivation without the addition of any liquid fertilizer.

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Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Cultivation in Decoupled Aquaponics with Three Hydro-Components (Grow Pipes, Raft, Gravel) and African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Production in Northern Germany

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12208745 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (20) ◽

pp. 8745

Author(s):

Ulrich Knaus ◽

Monique Pribbernow ◽

Lu Xu ◽

Samuel Appelbaum ◽

Harry W. Palm

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Root Growth ◽

Contact Area ◽

New Technologies ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Ocimum Basilicum ◽

Leaf Number ◽

African Catfish ◽

Northern Germany ◽

Water Contact

Basil (Ocimum basilicum) was cultivated in northern Germany in three different hydroponic components: grow pipes, a raft, and an ebb-and-flood gravel substrate. The nutrients originated from the intensive production of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) with 140 fish/m3 under decoupled aquaponic conditions. After 41 days, plants were significantly taller in the gravel components (101.8 ± 8.3 cm), followed by the grow pipes (96.7 ± 7.0 cm), and the raft (94.8 ± 8.6 cm) components (gravel > grow pipes = raft). The leaf number was high and not significantly different between the grow pipes (518.0 ± 81.4), gravel (515.1 ± 133.0), and raft components (493.7 ± 124.8; grow pipes = raft = gravel). Basil in the grow-pipe subsystems developed rapid root growth and clogged the pipes with heterogeneous plant growth. Basil production in northern Germany in grow-pipe, raft, and gravel hydro-components is possible by using effluents from intensive C. gariepinus aquaculture without additional fertilizer in the plant grow-out phase. Further research should focus on optimizing grow pipes by maintaining an optimal root–water contact area, as well as on new technologies such as aquaponics (s.l.) gardening.

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EFEKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum L) SEBAGAI PENGAWET ALAMI PADA IKAN LELE DUMBO (Clarias gariephinus) SEGAR

Surya Medika: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Keperawatan dan Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat ◽

10.32504/sm.v14i1.106 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Dyah Anggraeni ◽

Nurlela Nurlela

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Research Result ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Storage Period ◽

The Body ◽

Garlic Extract ◽

African Catfish ◽

Natural Preservatives ◽

Colony Counter

Background: Natural preservatives are compounds produced by natural ingredients that can suppress bacterial growth and development. Natural preservatives are carried out because most of the preservatives circulating are chemicals and unsafe for the body. One of the natural preservatives is by using garlic extract (Allium sativum L). Objective: This study is aimed to determine the effectiveness of the antibacterial garlic (Allium sativum L) as a natural preservative in fresh African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Method: This research used the Pour Plate iroculation method. African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) which is soaked with garlic (Allium sativum L) with a concentration of 7%, 14% and 21% for 30 minutes, then the fish will be kept at room temperature with a storage period of 24 hours and 48 hours and calculated growth in bacterial numbers with the Colony counter. Result: Based on the research result, it was found that garlic extract (Allium sativum L) can obstruct the effectiveness of antibacterial in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) at a concentration of 14%.

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PEMBEKUAN SEMEN LELE DUMBO (Clarias Gariepinus BURCHELL 1822) SEBAGAI MODEL KRIOPRESERVASI SEMEN IKAN

Jurnal Natural ◽

10.30862/jn.v9i1.778 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lutfi Lutfi

Keyword(s):

Liquid Nitrogen ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

African Catfish ◽

Nitrogen Vapor ◽

Dmso Concentration ◽

Freezing Temperatures ◽

Vapor Liquid

Effect of four types of diluentss and four concentration of DMSO (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) against the motility of African catfish sperm were evaluated after storage at freezing temperatures. The steps in preparation the 16 treatments combination of the diluents are preparation of diluents, mixing diluents with DMSO, packing of semen into 0.3-ml straw, equilibration of semen at 4 °C for 30 minutes, freezing of semen in nitrogen vapor liquid at a height of 6.5 cm for 10 minutes, and subsequently storage of semen in liquid nitrogen (-196 0C) for further analysis of post-thawing motility (PTM). The result showed that the highest level of motility of spermatozoa was in treatment P1D15 (45.7 ± 4.3%) and the lowest was in treatment P2D20 (14.5 ± 13.2%). The best diluent in this observation was diluents containing NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and NaHCO3. The best concentration was DMSO 15%. While the best interaction between the concentration of DMSO diluents is P1D15 treatments containing NaCl, KCl, CaCl 2 and NaHCO3 with a combination of 15% DMSO concentration. The conclusion of the research is that diluents containing NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and NaHCO3 with a combination of 15% DMSO concentration can be used in cryopreservation of African catfish semen.

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