scholarly journals Manufacturing and Characterization of Customizable Flexible Carbon Nanotube Fabrics for Smart Wearable Applications

Textiles ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-546
Author(s):  
Ashley Kubley ◽  
Megha Chitranshi ◽  
Xiaoda Hou ◽  
Mark Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
High Level ◽  
Smart Wearable ◽  
Hybrid Fabric

The integration of carbon nanotube fabric into textiles is paving its way into smart materials and wearable applications. Potential novel applications of carbon nanotube hybrid (CNTH) materials and fabric composites span across a range of market levels from high-level PPE appropriate for military and industrial applications down to consumer products that can be used in everyday scenarios. The high-level performance properties of CNTH materials and their ability to be customized provide new possibilities for constructing fabrics with properties that are made to order. Furthermore, CNTH in combination with advanced textile compositing and construction methods allows the CNTH material to further leverage material customization aspects to meet specific requirements. The unique synthesis process for nanotube fabric allows for modification of the physical properties of the CNTH itself. The CNTH fabric combined with the customizability of standard textile composite materials and with the use of apparel design features allows for the design of materials with new combinations of physical properties. These unique properties offer high potential for developing families of smart wearable garments that can be scaled for industrial production. This article discusses the synthesis of carbon nanotube hybrid fabric, the process of hybrid fabric and textile integration, properties of the hybrid textile, and potential applications. The paper also provides an outlook towards large scale production of the hybrid textile material.

scholarly journals Carbon Nanotube Sheet-Synthesis and Applications

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2023
Author(s):  
Megha Chitranshi ◽  
Anuptha Pujari ◽  
Vianessa Ng ◽  
Daniel Chen ◽  
Devika Chauhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Temperature Synthesis ◽  
High Temperature Synthesis ◽  
Metal Ceramic ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Manufacturing Problems

Decades of extensive research have matured the development of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Still, the properties of macroscale assemblages, such as sheets of carbon nanotubes, are not good enough to satisfy many applications. This paper gives an overview of different approaches to synthesize CNTs and then focuses on the floating catalyst method to form CNT sheets. A method is also described in this paper to modify the properties of macroscale carbon nanotube sheets produced by the floating catalyst method. The CNT sheet is modified to form a carbon nanotube hybrid (CNTH) sheet by incorporating metal, ceramic, or other types of nanoparticles into the high-temperature synthesis process to improve and customize the properties of the traditional nanotube sheet. This paper also discusses manufacturing obstacles and the possible commercial applications of the CNT sheet and CNTH sheet. Manufacturing problems include the difficulty of injecting dry nanoparticles uniformly, increasing the output of the process to reduce cost, and safely handling the hydrogen gas generated in the process. Applications for CNT sheet include air and water filtering, energy storage applications, and compositing CNTH sheets to produce apparel with anti-microbial properties to protect the population from infectious diseases. The paper also provides an outlook towards large scale commercialization of CNT material.

scholarly journals Single-Step Synthesis of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Forest on Aluminium Foils

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Nassoy ◽  
Mathieu Pinault ◽  
Jérémie Descarpentries ◽  
Thomas Vignal ◽  
Philippe Banet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Catalyst Precursor ◽  
Ionic Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Vertically Aligned

Vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) forests are promising for supercapacitor electrodes, but their industrialisation requires a large-scale cost-effective synthesis process suitable to commercial aluminium (Al) foils, namely by operating at a low temperature (<660 °C). We show that Aerosol-Assisted Catalytic Chemical Vapour Deposition (CCVD), a single-step roll-to-roll compatible process, can be optimised to meet this industrial requirement. With ferrocene as a catalyst precursor, acetylene as a carbon source and Ar/H2 as a carrier gas, clean and dense forests of VACNTs of about 10 nm in diameter are obtained at 615 °C with a growth rate up to 5 µm/min. Such novel potentiality of this one-step CCVD process is at the state-of-the-art of the multi-step assisted CCVD processes. To produce thick samples, long synthesis durations are required, but growth saturation occurs that is not associated with a diffusion phenomenon of iron in aluminium substrate. Sequential syntheses show that the saturation trend fits a model of catalytic nanoparticle deactivation that can be limited by decreasing acetylene flow, thus obtaining sample thickness up to 200 µm. Cyclic voltammetry measurements on binder-free VACNT/Al electrodes show that the CNT surface is fully accessible to the ionic liquid electrolyte, even in these dense VACNT forests.

Technologies of Nanomodification of Low-Carbon Low Alloyed Steels

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 3123-3127
Author(s):  
V.A. Malyshevsky ◽  
E.I. Khlusova ◽  
V.V. Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Interphase Boundaries ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
High Level

Metallurgical industry can be considered as a field most accommodated for perception of nano-technologies, which in the near future will be able to provide large scale production and high level of investments return. Specially noted should physical and mechanical properties of nano-structured steels and alloys (strength, plasticity, toughness and so on) which will cardinally excel characteristics of respective materials developed using conventional technologies. Investigations have shown that basic principles of selection of a structure up to nano-level for low-carbon low-alloy steels can be put forward, that is: 1) morphological similarity of structural components, pre-domination of globular type structures due to reduction in carbon components and rational alloying; 2) formation of fine-dispersed carbide phase of globular morphology; 3) exclusion of lengthy interphase boundaries; 4) formation of fragmented structure with boundaries close to wide-angle ones, which inherited structure of fine-grained deformed austenite.

scholarly journals Sprayed Pyrolyzed ZnO Films with Nanoflake and Nanorod Morphologies and Their Photocatalytic Activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora S. Portillo-Vélez ◽  
Monserrat Bizarro
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis Technique ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Precursor Solution ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Zno Films ◽  
Scale Production

There is an increasing interest on the application of ZnO nanorods in photocatalysis and many growth methods have been applied, in particular the spray pyrolysis technique which is attractive for large scale production. However it is interesting to know if the nanorod morphology is the best considering its photocatalytic activity, stability, and cost effectiveness compared to a nonoriented growth. In this work we present a systematic study of the effect of the precursor solution (type of salt, solvent, and concentration) on the morphology of sprayed ZnO films to obtain nanoflakes and nanorods without the use of surfactants or catalysts. The surface properties and structural characteristics of these types of films were investigated to elucidate which morphology is more favorable for photocatalytic applications. Wettability and photocatalytic experiments were carried out in the same conditions. After UV irradiation both morphologies became hydrophilic and achieved a dye discoloration efficiency higher than 90%; however, the nanoflake morphology provided the highest photocatalytic performance (99% dye discoloration) and stability and the lowest energy consumption during the synthesis process. The surface-to-volume ratio revealed that the nanoflake morphology is more adequate for photocatalytic water treatment applications and that the thin nanorods should be preferred over the large ones.

scholarly journals High-Level Production of a Thermostable Mutant of Yarrowia lipolytica Lipase 2 in Pichia pastoris

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Qinghua Zhou ◽  
Zhixin Su ◽  
Liangcheng Jiao ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
Kaixin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
High Level

As a promising biocatalyst, Yarrowia lipolytica lipase 2 (YlLip2) is limited in its industrial applications due to its low thermostability. In this study, a thermostable YlLip2 mutant was overexpressed in Pichia pastoris and its half-life time was over 30 min at 80 °C. To obtain a higher protein secretion level, the gene dosage of the mutated lip2 gene was optimized and the lipase activity was improved by about 89%. Then, the YlLip2 activity of the obtained strain further increased from 482 to 1465 U/mL via optimizing the shaking flask culture conditions. Subsequently, Hac1p and Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) were coexpressed with the YlLip2 mutant to reduce the endoplasmic reticulum stress and enhance the oxygen uptake efficiency in the recombinant strains, respectively. Furthermore, high-density fermentations were performed in a 3 L bioreactor and the production of the YlLip2 mutant reached 9080 U/mL. The results demonstrated that the expression level of the thermostable YlLip2 mutant was predominantly enhanced via the combination of these strategies in P. pastoris, which forms a consolidated basis for its large-scale production and future industrial applications.

Nickel Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube Composite Electrode for Hydrogen Generation

2012 ◽  
Vol 1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Kalra ◽  
Kalathur Santhanam ◽  
David Olney
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Carbon Nanotube Composite ◽  
Decomposition Of Water

ABSTRACTThe electrochemical decomposition of water is an attractive method, however, the performance of the electrodes and efficiencies are of great concern in its large scale production. In this context, we wish to report here the superior performance of Ni-multiwalled carbon nanotube composite as cathode in the decomposition of water. The current voltage curves recorded with this electrode in different media showed a significant electrocatalysis in the reduction of hydrogen ion; the background electrolysis is shifted in the anodic direction. The nanocomposite composition has been found to be crucial in the efficient production of hydrogen. A coulombic efficiency of about 68% has been obtained at this electrode with a hydrogen production rate of 130L/m2 d. This electrode is more efficient than the 316L stainless steel (composition in percentage: C 0.019, Cr 17.3, Mo 2.04, Ni 11.3, Mn 1.04, N 0.041, Fe bulk) cathode that produces 10 ml/h at an area of 20 cm2 (5L/m2.h) (2). The results obtained with different electrolytes, performance variation with electrode composition, and current densities will be presented. The trials carried out using solar panel instead of DC power source showed similar hydrogen production rates and efficiencies.

Nano-sized boron synthesis process towards the large scale production

2014 ◽  
Vol 256 ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Vignolo ◽  
Gianmarco Bovone ◽  
Davide Matera ◽  
Davide Nardelli ◽  
Cristina Bernini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production

scholarly journals Differential Resistance to Botryosphaeria ribis Among Cercis Taxa

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 880-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Pooler ◽  
K. A. Jacobs ◽  
M. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Spring Bloom ◽  
Differential Resistance ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Small Tree ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
High Level ◽  
Unexplained Variation

The redbud (Cercis sp.) is a popular ornamental small tree or shrub, valued commercially for its early spring bloom and adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. Despite these characteristics, large-scale production of redbud has been limited, due in part to their susceptibility to a fungal canker caused by Botryosphaeria ribis. We screened 711 plants in 11 Cercis taxa for response to inoculation with B. ribis. The taxa native to North America, C. canadensis and C. occidentalis, were more susceptible than Asian species. A logistic regression of the number of symptomatic plants 10 weeks postinoculation with taxa and size (stem diameter) as independent variables explained 41% of the variation. Sixteen percent was attributable to taxon effects and 36% was attributable to taxon-independent size effects. Size and taxon effects were not completely orthogonal, and taxa with larger mean stem diameters generally had higher percentages of symptomless plants. A high level of unexplained variation (59%) was found, and is likely due to intraspecific variation among seed lots. Comparisons of 11 seed lots of C. canadensis revealed significantly different proportions of diseased plants ranging from 52 to 92% after 10 weeks, but all plants eventually became diseased.

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