scholarly journals Formaldehyde in Hospitals Induces Oxidative Stress: The Role of GSTT1 and GSTM1 Polymorphisms

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Federica Ghelli ◽  
Valeria Bellisario ◽  
Giulia Squillacioti ◽  
Marco Panizzolo ◽  
Alfredo Santovito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Type ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Risk Characteristics ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Biological Outcomes ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Despite the toxicity and health risk characteristics of formaldehyde (FA), it is currently used as a cytological fixative and the definition of safe exposure levels is still a matter of debate. Our aim was to investigate the alterations in both oxidative and inflammatory status in a hospital working population. The 68 workers recruited wore a personal air-FA passive sampler, provided a urine sample to measure 15-F2t-Isoprostane (15-F2t-IsoP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and a blood specimen to measure tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα). Subjects were also genotyped for GSTT1 (Presence/Absence), GSTM1 (Presence/Absence), CYP1A1 exon 7 (A > G), and IL6 (−174, G > C). Workers were ex post split into formalin-employers (57.3 μg/m3) and non-employers (13.5 μg/m3). In the formalin-employers group we assessed significantly higher levels of 15-F2t-IsoP, MDA and TNFα (<0.001) in comparison to the non-employers group. The air-FA levels turned out to be positively correlated with 15-F2t-IsoP (p = 0.027) and MDA (p < 0.001). In the formalin-employers group the MDA level was significantly higher in GSTT1 Null (p = 0.038), GSTM1 Null (p = 0.031), and CYP1A1 exon 7 mutation carrier (p = 0.008) workers, compared to the wild type subjects. This study confirms the role of FA in biomolecular profiles alterations, highlighting how low occupational exposure can also result in measurable biological outcomes.

scholarly journals Accelerated Neutrophil Apoptosis in Mice Lacking A1-a, a Subtype of the bcl-2–related A1 Gene

1998 ◽  
Vol 188 (11) ◽  
pp. 1985-1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azumi Hamasaki ◽  
Fujiro Sendo ◽  
Keiko Nakayama ◽  
Noriko Ishida ◽  
Izumi Negishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutrophil Apoptosis ◽  
Spontaneous Apoptosis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Apoptosis Inhibition ◽  
Blood Neutrophils ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

To elucidate the role of A1, a new member of the Bcl-2 family of apoptosis regulators active in hematopoietic cell apoptosis, we established mice lacking A1-a, a subtype of the A1 gene in mice (A1-a−/− mice). Spontaneous apoptosis of peripheral blood neutrophils of A1-a−/− mice was enhanced compared with that of either wild-type mice or heterozygous mutants (A1-a+/− mice). Neutrophil apoptosis inhibition induced by lipopolysaccharide treatment in vitro or transendothelial migration in vivo observed in wild-type mice was abolished in both A1-a−/− and A1-a+/− animals. On the other hand, the extent of tumor necrosis factor α–induced acceleration of neutrophil apoptosis did not differ among A1-a−/−, A1-a+/−, and wild-type mice. The descending order of A1 mRNA expression was wild-type, A1-a+/−, and A1-a−/−. Taken together, these results suggest that A1 is involved in inhibition of certain types of neutrophil apoptosis.

Role of α2-macroglobulin in fever and cytokine responses induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (1) ◽  
pp. R218-R226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Gourine ◽  
Valery N. Gourine ◽  
Yohannes Tesfaigzi ◽  
Nathalie Caluwaerts ◽  
Fred Van Leuven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Level ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cytokine Responses ◽  
Α2 Macroglobulin ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

α2-Macroglobulin (α2M) is not only a proteinase inhibitor in mammals, but it is also a specific cytokine carrier that binds pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines implicated in fever, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). To define the role of α2M in regulation of febrile and cytokine responses, wild-type mice and mice deficient in α2M (α2M −/−) were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Changes in body temperature as well as plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and hepatic TNF-α mRNA level during fever in α2M −/− mice were compared with those in wild-type control mice. The α2M −/− mice developed a short-term markedly attenuated (ANOVA, P < 0.05) fever in response to LPS (2.5 mg/kg ip) compared with the wild-type mice. At 1.5 h after injection of LPS, the plasma concentration of TNF-α, but not IL-1β or IL-6, was significantly lower (by 58%) in the α2M −/− mice compared with their wild-type controls (ANOVA, P < 0.05). There was no difference in hepatic TNF-α mRNA levels between α2M −/− and wild-type mice 1.5 h after injection of LPS. These data support the hypotheses that 1) α2M is important for the normal development of LPS-induced fever and 2) a putative mechanism of α2M involvement in fever is through the inhibition of TNF-α clearance. These findings indicate a novel physiological role for α2M.

scholarly journals Platelet-Endothelial Interactions in Inflamed Mesenteric Venules

Blood ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 1318-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Frenette ◽  
Caitlin Moyna ◽  
Daqing W. Hartwell ◽  
John B. Lowe ◽  
Richard O. Hynes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Membrane Glycoproteins ◽  
Active Function ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Thrombin Activation ◽  
Selectin Ligand ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Abstract The selectins are membrane glycoproteins promoting adhesive events between leukocytes, platelets, and endothelial cells. We have previously demonstrated that platelets roll on P-selectin expressed on stimulated endothelium. In this study, we wished to examine the function of both the platelet and endothelial selectins, P- and E-selectins, in mediating platelet-endothelial interactions during inflammation. We demonstrate, using intravital microscopic examination of venules inflamed with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), that resting platelets interact with both P- and E-selectins and that the leukocyte α(1,3)fucosyltransferases FucT IV and FucT VII do not provide platelets with selectin ligand activity. We also show that after thrombin activation of wild-type (+/+) platelets, platelet P-selectin can mediate interactions on a TNF-α–inducible endothelial ligand. To evaluate the potential role of platelet P-selectin in the recruitment of leukocytes to inflammatory sites, we reconstituted the bone marrow of mice deficient in both P- and E-selectins (P/E−/−) with wild-type (+/+) or P-selectin–deficient (P−/−) bone marrow containing megakaryocytic precursors. Providing +/+ platelets to P/E−/− mice by bone marrow transplantation did not rescue the immunodeficient phenotype, suggesting that platelet P-selectin does not have an active function in the recruitment of leukocytes into inflammatory sites. To participate in inflammatory or hemostatic responses, platelets may use the endothelial selectins.

Role of interleukin-1 in the pulmonary immune response duringPseudomonas aeruginosapneumonia

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (2) ◽  
pp. L285-L290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc J. Schultz ◽  
Anita W. Rijneveld ◽  
Sandrine Florquin ◽  
Carl K. Edwards ◽  
Charles A. Dinarello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Inflammatory Protein ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Macrophage Inflammatory Protein ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Pneumonia is associated with elevated concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 in the pulmonary compartment. To study the role of IL-1 in the pathogenesis of Pseudomonas pneumonia, IL-1 receptor type 1 gene-deficient ( IL-1R −/−) mice and wild-type mice were intranasally inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The absence of the IL-1 signal attenuated the outgrowth of Pseudomonas in lungs, as reflected by an increasing number of colony-forming units (cfu) during Pseudomonaspneumonia in wild-type mice and a concurrently decreasing number of cfu during pulmonary infection in IL-1R −/− mice ( P < 0.05, IL-1R −/− mice vs. wild-type mice). Influx of neutrophils was decreased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids in IL-1R −/− mice compared with wild-type mice. Similarly, lung levels of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6) and chemokines (macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and KC) were lower in IL-1R −/− mice 24 h postinoculation. Consistent with results obtained in IL-1R −/− mice, treatment of wild-type mice with IL-1R antagonist also diminished outgrowth of Pseudomonas when compared with wild-type mice treated with vehicle ( P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that an absence or reduction in endogenous IL-1 activity improves host defense against Pseudomonas pneumonia while suppressing the inflammatory response.

Combination of IL-17 and TNFα induces a pro-inflammatory, pro-coagulant and pro-thrombotic phenotype in human endothelial cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 768-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Hot ◽  
Vanina Lenief ◽  
Pierre Miossec
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Human Endothelial Cells ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Functional Assays ◽  
Affymetrix Microarrays ◽  
Stromal Cell Derived Factor ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

ObjectiveCardiovascular events remain the leading cause of death in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To study the role of cytokines in these observations, the effects of tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-17, a classical and a new key player in RA, were assessed in endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction.MethodsPrimary human EC were treated with IL-17 alone or combined with TNFα. mRNA expression was quantified by qRT PCR and Affymetrix microarrays. The role of IL-17 was studied using functional assays of platelet aggregation, EC migration and invasion.ResultsIL-17 alone induced 248 pro-inflammatory genes and 9803, when combined with TNFα. IL-17 plus TNFα induced synergistically chemokine genes such as CCL5, IL-8 and cytokine genes such as IL-6. In contrast, IL-17 decreased genes involved in the regulation of inflammation such as IL-33. IL-17 induced EC migration and invasion in synergy with TNFα. Such invasion was inhibited with an antiCXCR4 antibody, indicating the contribution of the stromal cell-derived factor-1/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 axis. Supernatants of IL-17-treated EC induced strong platelet aggregation. IL-17 inhibited endothelial CD39/ATPDase expression, an inhibitor of platelet activation. Finally, IL-17 enhanced genes critical for coagulation such as tissue factor and decreased thrombomodulin, leading to a pro-thrombotic state.ConclusionThese results indicate that IL-17 specifically when combined with TNFα has major pro-coagulant and pro-thrombotic effects on vessels.

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