scholarly journals Effect of Ambient pH on Growth, Pathogenicity, and Patulin Production of Penicillium expansum

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 550
Author(s):  
Carelle Kouasseu Jimdjio ◽  
Huali Xue ◽  
Yang Bi ◽  
Mina Nan ◽  
Lan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Gene Expression Studies

Penicillium expansum is an important postharvest pathogen of pomaceous fruit and a causal agent of blue mold or soft rot. In this study, we investigated the effect of ambient pH on growth, ultrastructure alteration, and pathogenicity of P. expansum, as well as accumulation of patulin and expression of genes involved in patulin biosynthesis. Under different pH, the fungus was routinely cultured and collected for growth, pathogenicity, patulin production, and gene expression studies using transmission electron microscopy, apple inoculation, HPLC, and RT-qPCR methods. Different ambient pH had significant impact on expression of genes and growth factors involved in patulin biosynthesis. Under same range of pH, gene expression profile, growth factors, and patulin accumulation (in vivo and in vitro) all showed similar changing trends. A well-developed cell was observed in addition to upregulation of genes at pH between pH 5.0 and 7.0, while the opposite was observed when pH was too basic (8.5) or too acid (2.5). Additionally, ambient pH had direct or indirect influence on expression of PecreaA, PelaeA, and PepacC. These findings will help in understanding the effect of ambient pH on growth, pathogenicity, and patulin production and support the development of successful methods for combating P. expansum infection on apple fruits.

Gene Regulation during the Erythrocytic Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 4255-4255
Author(s):  
Ewa Carrier ◽  
Shermila Kausal ◽  
Anand S. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Globin Genes ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Gene Expression Studies

Abstract We have studied the in vitro differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells (ES cells) towards erythropoiesis and expression of genes during this process. It has been reported that dexamethasone directs ES cells towards erythrocytic differentiation but the mechanism of gene regulation induced by dexamethasone is not well understood. We hypothesized that dexamethasone induces upregulation of erythropoietic genes such as GATA-1, FLK-1, EPO-R and directs ES cells towards erythropoietic differentiation. Murine ES cells (129 CCE) obtained from Dr. Nagy laboratory, Canada (Nagy et al., Histochem Cell Biol., 2001; 115:49–58) were subjected to the in vitro primary hematopoietic differentiation media containing methylcellulose, IMDM, IL -3, IL-6 and SCF (stem cell factor) without LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor) to promote embryoid body (EB) formation. Total RNA was collected on day 3, 5 and 9 EBs for gene expression studies using RT-PCR. On day 9 EBs were subjected to secondary differentiation using three different cytokines and growth factors combination 1) SCF, EPO, dexamethasone, IGF, 2) SCF, IL-3, IL-6, TPO, 3) SCF IL-3, IL-6, TPO, EPO. Total RNA from day12 of secondary differentiated ES cells was collected to study cytokines and growth factors dependent erythrocytic differentiation and gene regulation, using RT-PCR. Our results demonstrate upregulation of Gata-1, Flk-1, HoxB-4, Epo-R and globin genes (α-globin, BH-1 globin, β-major globin, e -globin and z-globin) in the 9 days old EBs, whereas, RNA collected from 5 days old EBs showed expression of HoxB-4, e-globin, γ-globin, BH1-globin and FLK-1. Three days old EBs showed only HoxB-4 and FLK-1 gene expression and lack of expression of globin genes, indicating that erythtropoiesis-specific genes activate later. Gene expression studies of RNA collected from secondary differentiated ES cells and media containing dexamethasone showed downregulation of GATA-3 and upregulation of GATA-1, Flk-1 and Epo-R in comparison to the two other cytokines and growth factors media combination. These results confirm our hypothesis that dexamethasome induces erythropoiesis by down regulating GATA -3 and upregulating erythropoietic-related genes such as GATA-1, Flk-1 and Epo-R. The morphological characteristics of cells after secondary differentiation showed enhanced production of erythrocytic precursors in dexamethasone containing media, which corresponded with molecular studies. Further studies will address the role of wnt/β-catenin and E-cadherin in this process.

scholarly journals Gene Expression Analysis ofIn VitroCocultures to Study Interactions between Breast Epithelium and Stroma

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Casbas-Hernandez ◽  
Jodie M. Fleming ◽  
Melissa A. Troester
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Breast Epithelium ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Representative Cell ◽  
Gene Expression Studies ◽  
Cellular Phenotypes

The interactions between breast epithelium and stroma are fundamental to normal tissue homeostasis and for tumor initiation and progression. Gene expression studies ofin vitrococulture models demonstrate thatin vitromodels have relevance for tumor progressionin vivo. For example, stromal gene expression has been shown to vary in association with tumor subtypein vivo, and analogousin vitrococultures recapitulate subtype-specific biological interactions. Cocultures can be used to study cancer cell interactions with specific stromal components (e.g., immune cells, fibroblasts, endothelium) and different representative cell lines (e.g., cancer-associated versus normal-associated fibroblasts versus established, immortalized fibroblasts) can help elucidate the role of stromal variation in tumor phenotypes. Gene expression data can also be combined with cell-based assays to identify cellular phenotypes associated with gene expression changes. Coculture systems are manipulable systems that can yield important insights about cell-cell interactions and the cellular phenotypes that occur as tumor and stroma co-evolve.

In vivo and in vitro nidogen-liver gene-expression. Studies in normal and in CCL4-damaged rat liver and in liver cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. S52
Author(s):  
G. Ramadori ◽  
S. Schwögler ◽  
Th. Veit ◽  
H. Rieder ◽  
K.H.Meyer zum Büschenfelde
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Gene Expression Studies ◽  
Liver Gene

Biocompatible fluorinated polyglycerols for droplet microfluidics as an alternative to PEG-based copolymer surfactants

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Wagner ◽  
Julian Thiele ◽  
Marie Weinhart ◽  
Linas Mazutis ◽  
David A. Weitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Encapsulation ◽  
Droplet Microfluidics ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Chain Composition ◽  
Gene Expression Studies

Polyglycerol-based triblock surfactants with tailored side-chain composition are exemplified in cell encapsulation and in vitro gene expression studies in droplet-based microfluidics as alternative to PEG-based surfactants.

Establishment and characterization of a piscean PCF cell line for toxicity and gene expression studies as in vitro model

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Goswami ◽  
B.S. Sharma ◽  
Kamalendra Yadav ◽  
S.N. Bahuguna ◽  
W.S. Lakra
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Gene Expression Studies ◽  
Vitro Model

scholarly journals Nrg1 Is a Transcriptional Repressor for Glucose Repression of STA1 Gene Expression inSaccharomyces cerevisiae

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 2044-2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seok Hee Park ◽  
Sang Seok Koh ◽  
Jae Hwan Chun ◽  
Hye Jin Hwang ◽  
Hyen Sam Kang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Zinc Finger Protein ◽  
Glucose Repression ◽  
Transcriptional Repressor ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Dnase I Footprinting ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACT Expression of genes encoding starch-degrading enzymes is regulated by glucose repression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have identified a transcriptional repressor, Nrg1, in a genetic screen designed to reveal negative factors involved in the expression of STA1, which encodes a glucoamylase. TheNRG1 gene encodes a 25-kDa C2H2zinc finger protein which specifically binds to two regions in the upstream activation sequence of the STA1 gene, as judged by gel retardation and DNase I footprinting analyses. Disruption of theNRG1 gene causes a fivefold increase in the level of theSTA1 transcript in the presence of glucose. The expression of NRG1 itself is inhibited in the absence of glucose. DNA-bound LexA-Nrg1 represses transcription of a target gene 10.7-fold in a glucose-dependent manner, and this repression is abolished in bothssn6 and tup1 mutants. Two-hybrid and glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments show an interaction of Nrg1 with Ssn6 both in vivo and in vitro. These findings indicate that Nrg1 acts as a DNA-binding repressor and mediates glucose repression of the STA1 gene expression by recruiting the Ssn6-Tup1 complex.

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