scholarly journals Molecular Basis of Antigenic Drift in Serotype O Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses (2013–2018) from Southeast Asia

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1886
Author(s):  
Sasmita Upadhyaya ◽  
Mana Mahapatra ◽  
Valerie Mioulet ◽  
Satya Parida
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Antigenic Drift ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Antigenic Sites ◽  
Capsid Sequence ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals with serious economic consequences. FMD is endemic in Southeast Asia (SEA) and East Asia (EA) with the circulation of multiple serotypes, posing a threat to Australia and other FMD-free countries. Although vaccination is one of the most important control measures to prevent FMD outbreaks, the available vaccines may not be able to provide enough cross-protection against the FMD viruses (FMDVs) circulating in these countries due to the incursion of new lineages and sub-lineages as experienced in South Korea during 2010, a FMD-free country, when a new lineage of serotype O FMDV (Mya-98) spread to the country, resulting in devastating economic consequences. In this study, a total of 62 serotype O (2013–2018) viruses selected from SEA and EA countries were antigenically characterized by virus neutralization tests using three existing (O/HKN/6/83, O/IND/R2/75 and O/PanAsia-2) and one putative (O/MYA/2009) vaccine strains and full capsid sequencing. The Capsid sequence analysis revealed three topotypes, Cathay, SEA and Middle East-South Asia (ME-SA) of FMDVs circulating in the region. The vaccines used in this study showed a good match with the SEA and ME-SA viruses. However, none of the recently circulating Cathay topotype viruses were protected by any of the vaccine strains, including the existing Cathay topotype vaccine (O/HKN/6/83), indicating an antigenic drift and, also the urgency to monitor this topotype in the region and develop a new vaccine strain if necessary, although currently the presence of this topotype is mainly restricted to China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Vietnam. Further, the capsid sequences of these viruses were analyzed that identified several capsid amino acid substitutions involving neutralizing antigenic sites 1, 2 and 5, which either individually or together could underpin the observed antigenic drift.

scholarly journals Novel antibody binding determinants on the capsid surface of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1104-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin S. Asfor ◽  
Sasmita Upadhyaya ◽  
Nick J. Knowles ◽  
Donald P. King ◽  
David J. Paton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Antigenic Sites ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Impact

Five neutralizing antigenic sites have been described for serotype O foot-and-mouth disease viruses (FMDV) based on monoclonal antibody (mAb) escape mutant studies. However, a mutant virus selected to escape neutralization of mAb binding at all five sites was previously shown to confer complete cross-protection with the parental virus in guinea pig challenge studies, suggesting that amino acid residues outside the mAb binding sites contribute to antibody-mediated in vivo neutralization of FMDV. Comparison of the ability of bovine antisera to neutralize a panel of serotype O FMDV identified three novel putative sites at VP2-74, VP2-191 and VP3-85, where amino acid substitutions correlated with changes in sero-reactivity. The impact of these positions was tested using site-directed mutagenesis to effect substitutions at critical amino acid residues within an infectious copy of FMDV O1 Kaufbeuren (O1K). Recovered viruses containing additional mutations at VP2-74 and VP2-191 exhibited greater resistance to neutralization with both O1K guinea pig and O BFS bovine antisera than a virus that was engineered to include only mutations at the five known antigenic sites. The changes at VP2-74 and VP3-85 are adjacent to critical amino acids that define antigenic sites 2 and 4, respectively. However VP2-191 (17 Å away from VP2-72), located at the threefold axis and more distant from previously identified antigenic sites, exhibited the most profound effect. These findings extend our knowledge of the surface features of the FMDV capsid known to elicit neutralizing antibodies, and will improve our strategies for vaccine strain selection and rational vaccine design.

scholarly journals Selection of vaccine strains for serotype O foot-and-mouth disease viruses (2007–2012) circulating in Southeast Asia, East Asia and Far East

Vaccine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (51) ◽  
pp. 7147-7153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mana Mahapatra ◽  
Sasmita Upadhyaya ◽  
Sharie Aviso ◽  
Aravindh Babu ◽  
Geoff Hutchings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Far East ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Genome Sequence of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus of Serotype O Lineage Ind-2001d Isolated from Cattle in Mongolia in 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (45) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Nishi ◽  
Gerelmaa Ulziibat ◽  
Buyantogtokh Khanui ◽  
Odonchimeg Myagmarsuren ◽  
Kazuki Morioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

ABSTRACT We report the whole-genome sequence of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) O/MOG/BU/2-7/2015 isolated in Mongolia in 2015. This virus is closely related to isolates identified in Southeast Asia in 2015 and is classified under the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001d lineage. This is the first detection of an FMDV of this lineage in Mongolia.

scholarly journals Foot-and-mouth disease virus epitope dominance in the antibody response of vaccinated animals

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mahapatra ◽  
P. Hamblin ◽  
D. J. Paton
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Antigenic Site ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Escape Mutant ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Antigenic Sites ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Five neutralizing antigenic sites have been identified on the surface of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). A set of mAb neutralization-escape mutant viruses was used for the first time to evaluate the relative use of known binding sites by polyclonal antibodies from three target species: cattle, sheep and pigs. Antibodies to all five neutralizing antigenic sites were detected in all three species, with most antibodies directed against antigenic site 2, followed by antigenic site 1. In 76 % of cattle, 65 % of sheep and 58 % of pigs, most antibodies were directed against site 2. Antibodies specific to antigenic sites 3, 4 and 5 were found to be minor constituents in the sera of each of the target species. This implies that antigenic site 2 is a dominant neutralization immunogenic site in serotype O FMDV and may therefore be a good candidate for designing novel vaccines.

scholarly journals Foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O, East African Topotype 3 (EA-3) in a pastoral herd in Kaduna state, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-95
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
East African ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Foot And Mouth

A case of foot and mouth disease involving an uncommon serotype of the Foot and Mouth disease virus (FMDV) is reported in a 6-year-old Bunaji bull from a pastoralist herd in Tohu, Sabon Gari Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Clinical examination revealed erosions in the inter-digital spaces, dorsum and ventrum of the tongue and raised hair coat. The epithelial lining of the lesions on the foot and mouth were gently peeled off and used as samples for diagnosis. A confirmatory diagnosis of FMDV serotype O strain was done by virus isolation using Bovine thyroid gland primary cell line, antigen ELISA for FMD virus, while a phylogenetic analyses of VP1 nucleotide sequences revealed East African topotype 3 (EA-3). Presenting lesions in the interdigital space were cleaned with cotton wool soaked in a solution of 5% chlorhexidine and then sprayed with Oxyspray® after which Tetranor® long acting antibiotic was administered through deep intramuscular route at 20mg/kg body weight. The diagnosis of relatively alien topotype of FMDV in Nigeria calls for a holistic epidemiological survey of all the serotypes and topotypes present in the country in order to plan for effective control measures. Keywords: Bunaji bull, FMD, Nigeria, Serotype O, Topotype EA-3

scholarly journals Genome Sequence of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O Lineage Ind-2001d Collected in Vietnam in 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Arzt ◽  
Barbara Brito ◽  
Steven J. Pauszek ◽  
Ethan J. Hartwig ◽  
George R. Smoliga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Viral Isolate ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT In 2015, foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus lineage Ind-2001 was detected for the first time in Southeast Asia. This report contains the first near-complete genome sequence of a viral isolate from this lineage collected from an outbreak in Vietnam. This novel incursion has substantial implications for regional FMD control measures.

Antiviral potential of ivermectin against foot-and-mouth disease virus, serotype O, A and Asia-1

2021 ◽  
pp. 104914
Author(s):  
Zahra Naeem ◽  
Sohail Raza ◽  
Saba Afzal ◽  
Ali Ahmad Sheikh ◽  
Muhammad Muddassir Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals Parameter-dependent transmission dynamics and optimal control of foot and mouth disease in a contaminated environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Mugabi ◽  
Joseph Mugisha ◽  
Betty Nannyonga ◽  
Henry Kasumba ◽  
Margaret Tusiime
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Optimality System ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Environmental Decontamination

AbstractThe problem of foot and mouth disease (FMD) is of serious concern to the livestock sector in most nations, especially in developing countries. This paper presents the formulation and analysis of a deterministic model for the transmission dynamics of FMD through a contaminated environment. It is shown that the key parameters that drive the transmission of FMD in a contaminated environment are the shedding, transmission, and decay rates of the virus. Using numerical results, it is depicted that the host-to-host route is more severe than the environmental-to-host route. The model is then transformed into an optimal control problem. Using the Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle, the optimality system is determined. Utilizing a gradient type algorithm with projection, the optimality system is solved for three control strategies: optimal use of vaccination, environmental decontamination, and a combination of vaccination and environmental decontamination. Results show that a combination of vaccination and environmental decontamination is the most optimal strategy. These results indicate that if vaccination and environmental decontamination are used optimally during an outbreak, then FMD transmission can be controlled. Future studies focusing on the control measures for the transmission of FMD in a contaminated environment should aim at reducing the transmission and the shedding rates, while increasing the decay rate.

scholarly journals A56 Evolutionary analyses of foot-and-mouth disease virus in Southeast Asia using whole-genome sequences

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Brito ◽  
Steven J Pauszek ◽  
Ethan J Hartwig ◽  
George R Smoliga ◽  
Le T Vu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth
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