scholarly journals Detection and Molecular Characterization of Canine Alphacoronavirus in Free-Roaming Dogs, Bangladesh

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Mohammad Enayet Hossain ◽  
Ariful Islam ◽  
Shariful Islam ◽  
Md Kaisar Rahman ◽  
Mojnu Miah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Full Genome Sequencing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Canine Coronavirus ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
The Uk

Canine coronavirus (CCoV) is widespread among the dog population and causes gastrointestinal disorders, and even fatal cases. As the zoonotic transmission of viruses from animals to humans has become a worldwide concern nowadays, it is necessary to screen free-roaming dogs for their common pathogens due to their frequent interaction with humans. We conducted a cross-sectional study to detect and characterize the known and novel Corona, Filo, Flavi, and Paramyxoviruses in free-roaming dogs in Bangladesh. Between 2009–10 and 2016–17, we collected swab samples from 69 dogs from four districts of Bangladesh, tested using RT-PCR and sequenced. None of the samples were positive for Filo, Flavi, and Paramyxoviruses. Only three samples (4.3%; 95%CI: 0.9–12.2) tested positive for Canine Coronavirus (CCoV). The CCoV strains identified were branched with strains of genotype CCoV-II with distinct distances. They are closely related to CCoVs from the UK, China, and other CoVs isolated from different species, which suggests genetic recombination and interspecies transmission of CCoVs. These findings indicate that CCoV is circulating in dogs of Bangladesh. Hence, we recommend future studies on epidemiology and genetic characterization with full-genome sequencing of emerging coronaviruses in companion animals in Bangladesh.

Genomic, Metagenomic and Transcriptomic Characterization of the Clinical Forms of COVID-19: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Rodriguez ◽  
Nicolas de Prost ◽  
Slim Fourati ◽  
Claudie Lamoureux ◽  
Guillaume Gricourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Forms

Evaluation of Supratentorial Brain Neoplasms - A Cross Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital, Surendranagar, Gujarat

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (26) ◽  
pp. 2253-2259
Author(s):  
Mohit B. Gor ◽  
Kuldeepsinh D. Mori ◽  
Mehul N. Bavishi ◽  
Nirmala C. Chudasama ◽  
Jaypalsinh D. Barad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Tumours ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiplanar Imaging ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

BACKGROUND Brain tumours represents 1.7 % of all cancers and contributes 1.8 % of all cancer deaths. Of all the brain tumours, 80 % are supratentorial.1 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important modality, having higher sensitivity for detecting intracranial pathology. Multiplanar imaging is possible with MRI which helps in detection, localization and characterization of the lesion. MRI examination has helped in early diagnosis, accurate localization of the tumour, with prompt initiation of appropriate medical or surgical therapy. Recent advances like magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy, MR fluoroscopy with stereotactic guided biopsy have revolutionized the role of MRI in study of intracranial tumours. METHODS A cross sectional study of 75 patients was done by Siemens Essenza 1.5T MRI from June 2018 to June 2020 using dedicated head coil. RESULTS In our study, most of the patients were between 31 - 60 years of age (39 % of all patients) with the largest group between 31 - 40 years (20 % of all patients). Out of 75 cases of supratentorial neoplasms, 47 (72 %) were intra-axial lesions, 15 (23 %) were extra-axial lesions and 3 (5 %) were intra ventricular lesions. In this study, 69 % of the lesions were solitary and 31 % were multiple. Most of patients (89 %) showed some enhancement, most common being heterogeneous/inhomogeneous enhancement. Commonest type of supratentorial neoplasms were metastases comprising 29 % of this study. CONCLUSIONS Magnetic resonance imaging is an important modality, having higher sensitivity for detecting intracranial pathology. Multiplanar imaging is possible with MRI which helps in early detection, localization and characterization of the lesion. Metastasis is the most common supratentorial tumour in this study followed by meningioma. Intra-axial tumours are more common than extra-axial tumours in this study. KEYWORDS MRI, Metastasis, Glioma, Meningioma

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study of Experiences and Attitudes towards Clinical Audit of Farm Animal Veterinary Surgeons in the United Kingdom

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Katie Waine ◽  
Rachel S. Dean ◽  
Chris Hudson ◽  
Jonathan Huxley ◽  
Marnie L. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Audit ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Farm Animal ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protected Time ◽  
Veterinary Surgeons ◽  
The Uk

Clinical audit is a quality improvement tool used to assess and improve the clinical services provided to patients. This is the first study to investigate the extent to which clinical audit is understood and utilised in farm animal veterinary practice. A cross-sectional study to collect experiences and attitudes of farm animal veterinary surgeons in the UK towards clinical audit was conducted using an online nationwide survey. The survey revealed that whilst just under three-quarters (n = 237/325; 73%) of responding veterinary surgeons had heard of clinical audit, nearly 50% (n = 148/301) had never been involved in a clinical audit of any species. The participants’ knowledge of what a clinical audit was varied substantially, with many respondents reporting not receiving training on clinical audit at the undergraduate or postgraduate level. Respondents that had participated in a clinical audit suggested that protected time away from clinical work was required for the process to be completed successfully. This novel study suggests that clinical audit is undertaken to some extent in farm animal practice and that practitioner perception is that it can bring benefits, but was felt that more resources and support were needed for it to be implemented successfully on a wider scale.

scholarly journals Association between home birth and breast feeding outcomes: a cross-sectional study in 28 125 mother–infant pairs from Ireland and the UK

BMJ Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. e010551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Quigley ◽  
Cristina Taut ◽  
Tamara Zigman ◽  
Louise Gallagher ◽  
Harry Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Home Birth ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Storage of prescription veterinary medicines on UK dairy farms: a cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 184 (5) ◽  
pp. 153-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwen M Rees ◽  
David C Barrett ◽  
Henry Buller ◽  
Harriet L Mills ◽  
Kristen K Reyher
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Veterinary Medicines ◽  
Veterinary Profession ◽  
Farmer Decision Making ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Future Work

Prescription veterinary medicine (PVM) use in the UK is an area of increasing focus for the veterinary profession. While many studies measure antimicrobial use on dairy farms, none report the quantity of antimicrobials stored on farms, nor the ways in which they are stored. The majority of PVM treatments occur in the absence of the prescribing veterinarian, yet there is an identifiable knowledge gap surrounding PVM use and farmer decision making. To provide an evidence base for future work on PVM use, data were collected from 27 dairy farms in England and Wales in Autumn 2016. The number of different PVMs stored on farms ranged from 9 to 35, with antimicrobials being the most common therapeutic group stored. Injectable antimicrobials comprised the greatest weight of active ingredient found, while intramammary antimicrobials were the most frequent unit of medicine stored. Antimicrobials classed by the European Medicines Agency as critically important to human health were present on most farms, and the presence of expired medicines and medicines not licensed for use in dairy cattle was also common. The medicine resources available to farmers are likely to influence their treatment decisions; therefore, evidence of the PVM stored on farms can help inform understanding of medicine use.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of all clinicians’ conflict of interest disclosures to NHS hospital employers in England 2015-2016

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e019952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet Ruth Feldman ◽  
Nicholas J DeVito ◽  
Jonathan Mendel ◽  
David E Carroll ◽  
Ben Goldacre
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Current System ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Gift ◽  
The Uk

ObjectiveWe set out to document how NHS trusts in the UK record and share disclosures of conflict of interest by their employees.DesignCross-sectional study of responses to a Freedom of Information Act request for Gifts and Hospitality Registers.SettingNHS Trusts (secondary/tertiary care organisations) in England.Participants236 Trusts were contacted, of which 217 responded.Main outcome measuresWe assessed all disclosures for completeness and openness, scoring them for achieving each of five measures of transparency.Results185 Trusts (78%) provided a register. 71 Trusts did not respond within the 28 day time limit required by the FoIA. Most COI registers were incomplete by design, and did not contain the information necessary to assess conflicts of interest. 126/185 (68%) did not record the names of recipients. 47/185 (25%) did not record the cash value of the gift or hospitality. Only 31/185 registers (16%) contained the names of recipients, the names of donors, and the cash amounts received. 18/185 (10%) contained none of: recipient name, donor name, and cash amount. Only 15 Trusts had their disclosure register publicly available online (6%). We generated a transparency index assessing whether each Trust met the following criteria: responded on time; provided a register; had a register with fields identifying donor, recipient, and cash amount; provided a register in a format that allowed further analysis; and had their register publicly available online. Mean attainment was 1.9/5; no NHS trust met all five criteria.ConclusionOverall, recording of employees’ conflicts of interest by NHS trusts is poor. None of the NHS Trusts in England met all transparency criteria. 19 did not respond to our FoIA requests, 51 did not provide a Gifts and Hospitality Register and only 31 of the registers provided contained enough information to assess employees’ conflicts of interest. Despite obligations on healthcare professionals to disclose conflicts of interest, and on organisations to record these, the current system for logging and tracking such disclosures is not functioning adequately. We propose a simple national template for reporting conflicts of interest, modelled on the US ‘Sunshine Act’.

What Makes a Tweet Fly? Analysis of Twitter Messaging at Four Infection Control Conferences

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1271-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett G. Mitchell ◽  
Philip L. Russo ◽  
Jonathan A. Otter ◽  
Martin A. Kiernan ◽  
Landon Aveling
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Activity Networks ◽  
The Uk

OBJECTIVETo examine tweeting activity, networks, and common topics mentioned on Twitter at 4 international infection control and infectious disease conferences.DESIGNA cross-sectional study.METHODSAn independent company was commissioned to undertake a Twitter ‘trawl’ each month between July 1, 2016, and November 31, 2016. The trawl identified any tweets that contained the official hashtags of the conferences for (1) the UK Infection Prevention Society, (2) IDWeek 2016, (3) the Federation of Infectious Society/Hospital Infection Society, and (4) the Australasian College for Infection Prevention and Control. Topics from each tweet were identified, and an examination of the frequency and timing of tweets was performed. A social network analysis was performed to illustrate connections between users. A multivariate binary logistic regression model was developed to explore the predictors of ‘retweets.’RESULTSIn total, 23,718 tweets were identified as using 1 of the 2 hashtags of interest. The results demonstrated that the most tweets were posted during the conferences. Network analysis demonstrated a diversity of twitter networks. A link to a web address was a significant predictor of whether a tweet would be retweeted (odds ratio [OR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9–2.1). Other significant factors predicting a retweet included tweeting on topics such as Clostridium difficile (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.7–2.4) and the media (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.6–2.0). Tweets that contained a picture were significantly less likely to be retweeted (OR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.05–0.08).CONCLUSIONTwitter is a useful tool for information sharing and networking at infection control conferences.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:1271–1276

scholarly journals Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Morphofunctional Characterization of Dome-Shaped Maculopathy in Indian Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Naresh Babu Kannan ◽  
Sagnik Sen ◽  
Prithviraj Udaya ◽  
Obuli Ramachandran ◽  
Kim Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Dome Height ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sd Oct

Purpose. To study the clinicodemographic profile of dome-shaped maculopathy (DSM) eyes in the Indian population and characterization using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods. This observational cross-sectional study included 25 eyes of 14 patients diagnosed with DSM. All eyes underwent SD-OCT for characterization of the dome profile and also to measure central macular thickness (CMT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and dome height (DH) and to detect the presence of subretinal fluid (SRF). Results. The mean age of patients was 48.36 ± 14.23 years (range, 28–65 years). Eleven patients had bilateral involvement. Mean axial length of all eyes was 24.25 ± 1.95 mm and mean spherical equivalent −4.23 ± 3.79 DS. Overall, 11/25 eyes (44%) had round domes, 9/25 eyes (36%) had horizontal domes, and 5/25 eyes (20%) had vertical domes, with a mean dome height at fovea of 500.54 ± 291.58 µm. Vertical domes had higher DH compared to horizontal or combined domes p = 0.02 . Six eyes (6/25, 24%) showed the presence of SRF; 60% of vertical domes had SRF, and 22.2% of horizontal domes had SRF. The eyes having SRF had significantly higher CMT p = 0.017 and DH p = 0.001 , especially in horizontal domes p = 0.023 . The eyes with thicker SFCT tended to have higher DH and poorer visual acuity. Conclusion. Indian DSM eyes may have relatively lesser amounts of myopia. Choroidal thickening may play a role in development of DSM and may also be related to development of subretinal fluid in such eyes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document