scholarly journals Primary Sjogren Syndrome: Focus on Innate Immune Cells and Inflammation

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Chiara Rizzo ◽  
Giulia Grasso ◽  
Giulia Maria Destro Castaniti ◽  
Francesco Ciccia ◽  
Giuliana Guggino
Keyword(s):  
Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Sjogren Syndrome ◽  
Innate Immune Cells ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Primary Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Long Time

Primary Sjogren Syndrome (pSS) is a complex, multifactorial rheumatic disease that mainly targets salivary and lacrimal glands, inducing epithelitis. The cause behind the autoimmunity outbreak in pSS is still elusive; however, it seems related to an aberrant reaction to exogenous triggers such as viruses, combined with individual genetic pre-disposition. For a long time, autoantibodies were considered as the hallmarks of this disease; however, more recently the complex interplay between innate and adaptive immunity as well as the consequent inflammatory process have emerged as the main mechanisms of pSS pathogenesis. The present review will focus on innate cells and on the principal mechanisms of inflammation connected. In the first part, an overview of innate cells involved in pSS pathogenesis is provided, stressing in particular the role of Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs). Subsequently we have highlighted the main inflammatory pathways, including intra- and extra-cellular players. A better knowledge of such processes could determine the detection of new therapeutic targets that are a major need for pSS.

scholarly journals Adipocytes, Innate Immunity and Obesity: A Mini-Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alecia M. Blaszczak ◽  
Anahita Jalilvand ◽  
Willa A. Hsueh
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Innate Immune Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune

The role of adipose tissue (AT) inflammation in obesity and its multiple related-complications is a rapidly expanding area of scientific interest. Within the last 30 years, the role of the adipocyte as an endocrine and immunologic cell has been progressively established. Like the macrophage, the adipocyte is capable of linking the innate and adaptive immune system through the secretion of adipokines and cytokines; exosome release of lipids, hormones, and microRNAs; and contact interaction with other immune cells. Key innate immune cells in AT include adipocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and innate lymphoid cells type 2 (ILC2s). The role of the innate immune system in promoting adipose tissue inflammation in obesity will be highlighted in this review. T cells and B cells also play important roles in contributing to AT inflammation and are discussed in this series in the chapter on adaptive immunity.

Primary Sjögren syndrome in a 2-year-old patient: role of the dentist in diagnosis and dental management with a 6-year follow-up

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 471-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCIO AUGUSTO De OLIVEIRA ◽  
NATHALIE PEPE MEDEIROS De REZENDE ◽  
CÉLIA MÁRCIA FERNANDES MAIA ◽  
MARINA GALLOTTINI
Keyword(s):  
Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren Syndrome ◽  
Patient Role ◽  
Primary Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Dental Management

scholarly journals Critical Roles of Balanced Innate Lymphoid Cell Subsets in Intestinal Homeostasis, Chronic Inflammation, and Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wu ◽  
Xinping Lv ◽  
Shan Zhu ◽  
Tete Li ◽  
Hang Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Innate Immune Cells ◽  
Innate Lymphoid Cell ◽  
Intestinal Homeostasis

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) comprise a recently identified subset of innate immune cells that are mainly localized to mucosa-associated tissues. Although they have not yet been fully characterized, they can generally be divided into ILC1s, ILC2s, and ILC3s. ILCs and their corresponding cytokines act as important mediators of the early stages of the immune response during inflammation, tissue repair, and the maintenance of epithelial integrity. Consequently, the dysregulation of ILC subsets might promote inflammation and cancer. Numerous studies have demonstrated that these cells play an important role in maintaining the microecological balance of the small intestine; however, their specific roles in mediating inflammation in this tissue and tumorigenesis remain unclear and controversial. In this review, we focus on recent progress that has helped to gain a better understanding of the role of ILCs in intestinal homeostasis, chronic inflammation, and cancer. Further focused research on the regulation and role of ILCs in intestinal homeostasis and pathology will help to reveal valuable diagnostic and therapeutic targets for the treatment of intestinal diseases.

scholarly journals Association of Smoking and Obesity on the Risk of Developing Primary Sjögren Syndrome: A Population-based Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 727-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Servioli ◽  
Gabriel Maciel ◽  
Carlotta Nannini ◽  
Cynthia S. Crowson ◽  
Eric L. Matteson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren Syndrome ◽  
Olmsted County ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Primary Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Never Smokers

Objective.To explore the role of smoking and obesity in primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS).Methods.Olmsted County (Minnesota, USA) residents (n = 106) diagnosed with pSS from 2000 to 2015 were compared to 3 controls without pSS and matched for age and sex who were randomly selected from Olmsted County residents.Results.Current smokers were less likely to be pSS cases (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.14–0.85), while there was no association between former smoking and case/control status (OR 1.27, 95% CI 0.80–2.03) compared to never smokers. Smoking status was not associated with antinuclear antibody, anti-SSA, anti-SSB, or rheumatoid factor positivity (p > 0.05). OR for obesity was 0.79 (95% CI 0.48–1.30).Conclusion.In this population-based study, current smoking was inversely associated with case/control status, while body mass index lacked any association.

Etiopathogenic Role of Surfactant Protein D in the Clinical and Immunological Expression of Primary Sjögren Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José Soto-Cárdenas ◽  
Myriam Gandía ◽  
Pilar Brito-Zerón ◽  
Maria Teresa Arias ◽  
Noelia Armiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Involvement ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Surfactant Protein ◽  
Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Surfactant Protein D ◽  
Sjogren Syndrome ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Primary Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Genotype 2

Objective.To analyze the etiopathogenic role of genetic polymorphisms and serum levels of surfactant protein-D (SP-D) in primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS).Methods.We analyzed 210 consecutive patients with pSS.SFTPDgenotyping (M11T polymorphism rs721917) was analyzed by sequence-based typing and serum SP-D by ELISA.Results.Thirty-two patients (15%) had the Thr11/Thr11 genotype, 80 (38%) the Met11/Met11 genotype, and 96 (46%) the Met11/Thr11 genotype; 2 patients could not be genotyped. Patients carrying the Thr11/Thr11 genotype had a higher prevalence of renal involvement (13% vs 1% and 4% in comparison with patients carrying the other genotypes, p = 0.014). Serum SP-D levels were analyzed in 119 patients (mean 733.94 ± 49.88 ng/ml). No significant association was found between serum SP-D levels and the SP-D genotypes. Higher mean values of serum SP-D were observed in patients with severe scintigraphic involvement (851.10 ± 685.69 vs 636.07 ± 315.93 ng/ml, p = 0.038), interstitial pulmonary disease (1053.60 ± 852.03 vs 700.36 ± 479.33 ng/ml, p = 0.029), renal involvement (1880.64 ± 1842.79 vs 716.42 ± 488.01 ng/ml, p = 0.002), leukopenia (899.83 ± 661.71 vs 673.13 ± 465.88 ng/ml, p = 0.038), positive anti-Ro/SS-A (927.26 ± 731.29 vs 642.75 ± 377.23 ng/ml, p = 0.006), and positive anti-La/SS-B (933.28 ± 689.63 vs 650.41 ± 428.14 ng/ml, p = 0.007), while lower mean values of serum SP-D were observed in patients with bronchiectasis (489.49 vs 788.81 ng/ml, p = 0.019).Conclusion.In pSS, high SP-D levels were found in patients with severe glandular involvement, hypergammaglobulinemia, leukopenia, extraglandular manifestations, and positive anti-Ro/La antibodies. The specific association between SP-D levels and pulmonary and renal involvements may have pathophysiological implications.

Cholinoreceptor Autoantibodies in Sjögren Syndrome

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
pp. 832-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Reina ◽  
B. Orman ◽  
J.M. Anaya ◽  
L. Sterin-Borda ◽  
E. Borda
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren Syndrome ◽  
Primary Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Channel Currents ◽  
Rat Submandibular Gland

Previous studies have demonstrated that antibodies against cholinoreceptors of exocrine glands correlate with dry mouth in persons with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS). The aim of the present investigation was to establish if serum IgG antibodies (pSS IgG) were able to interact with cholinoreceptors in rat submandibular gland-dependent stimulation of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) mRNA expression and PGE2 production. Our findings indicated that pSS IgG-stimulating M3, M4, and M1 cholinoreceptors exerted an increase in COX-2 mRNA without affecting COX-1 mRNA expression and increased PGE2 production. Inhibitors of phospholipase A2, COX- s, L-type calcium channel currents, and Ca2+-ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum prevented the pSS IgG effect on PGE2 production. An ionophore of calcium mimicked pSS IgG action, suggesting a crucial role of calcium homeostasis in the cholinoreceptor-stimulated increase in PGE2 production. Moreover, the amounts of PGE2 in saliva and in sera from persons with pSS were significantly higher than in pre- or post-menopausal women. These findings illustrate the importance of autoantibodies to cholinoreceptors in the generation of chronic inflammation of target tissues in SS.

scholarly journals Invariant NKT Cells and Rheumatic Disease: Focus on Primary Sjogren Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Rizzo ◽  
Lidia La Barbera ◽  
Marianna Lo Pizzo ◽  
Francesco Ciccia ◽  
Guido Sireci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Subset ◽  
Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren Syndrome ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Invariant Nkt Cells ◽  
Primary Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Nk T Cells ◽  
Cytokine Milieu ◽  
Invariant Natural Killer

Primary Sjogren syndrome (pSS) is a complex autoimmune disease mainly affecting salivary and lacrimal glands. Several factors contribute to pSS pathogenesis; in particular, innate immunity seems to play a key role in disease etiology. Invariant natural killer (NK) T cells (iNKT) are a T-cell subset able to recognize glycolipid antigens. Their function remains unclear, but studies have pointed out their ability to modulate the immune system through the promotion of specific cytokine milieu. In this review, we discussed the possible role of iNKT in pSS development, as well as their implications as future markers of disease activity.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Risk and Endothelial Dysfunction in Primary Sjogren Syndrome Is Related to the Disease Activity

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2072
Author(s):  
Anna Łuczak ◽  
Rafał Małecki ◽  
Michał Kulus ◽  
Marta Madej ◽  
Ewa Szahidewicz-Krupska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren Syndrome ◽  
Primary Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
Plasma Adma

The aim of our study was to evaluate if endothelial-dysfunction (ED) occurs in patients with primary Sjogren syndrome (pSS) and whether it is associated with the disease characteristics and activity. A total of 46 patients with pSS and 30 controls, without known cardiovascular disease, were enrolled in this study. A flow-mediated-dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, plasma concentrations of the nitric oxide (NO) metabolic pathway (ADMA, L-arginine, SDMA, cGMP), and markers of endothelial inflammatory function (PAI-1, sE-selectin) and angiogenesis (angiostatin, VEGF) were analyzed. The FMD was significantly lower in pSS patients (7.56 ± 3.08 vs. 10.91 ± 1.02%, p = 0.043) and positively correlated with the Ro/SS-A-antibodies (r = 0.34, p = 0.03), pulmonary involvement (r = 0.52, p = 0.001) and inversely with ADMA (r = −0.35, p = 0.04). Plasma ADMA, L-arginine and angiostatin levels were significantly higher in pSS patients (0.39 ± 0.08 vs. 0.36 ± 0.06 µmol/L, p = 0.05; 29.07 ± 6.7 vs. 25.4 ± 5.23 µmol/L, p = 0.01; 152.25 ± 60.99 vs. 120.07 ± 38.7 pg/mL, p = 0.0, respectively). ADMA was associated with ESSDAI (r = 0.33, p = 0.02), SCORE (r = 0.57, p = 0.00003) and focus score (r = 0.38, p = 0.04). In the multiple regression analysis, the ESSDAI was significantly and independently associated with plasma ADMA levels (β = 0.24, p = 0.04). Moreover, plasma cGMP concentrations were negatively correlated with the disease duration (r = −0.31, p = 0.03). Endothelial function is impaired in patients with pSS and associated with the measures of disease activity, which supports the key-role of inflammation in developing and maintaining accelerated atherosclerosis.

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