Chemical Characterization of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Hydroalcoholic Extract and Its Efficiency against Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Sheep

Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. is a xerophylous plant that originated in tropical and subtropical America. This plant is popularly known in Brazil as “palma forrageira” (cactus pear) and plays a fundamental role in animal nutrition, mainly in the Northeastern semi-arid region of the country. The plant has several uses since it presents bioactive compounds that confer biological and pharmacological properties. In this context, the cactus pear can also be considered a potential product to combat parasite infections. The objective of this study was to chemically characterize the O. ficus-indica hydroalcoholic extract (OFIEOH) and to determine its efficacy against gastrointestinal parasites using in vitro tests. Initially, the hydroalcoholic extract from cladode peels of O. ficus-indica was produced by maceration for 21 days. For the chemical characterization, colorimetric dosages were performed for carbohydrates, proteins, phenols and condensed tannins. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry/electron spray ionization (LC-MS/ESI) was used to characterize the polyphenolic profile of the OFIEOH extract. Fifteen compounds were identified in the OFIEOH extract, such as methyl, glycosylated and aglycone quercetin derivatives and aglycone and glycosylated kaempferol derivatives. Tri-glycosylated methyl quercetin derivatives were the main compounds identified. In vitro egg hatch (EHT) and larval migration tests (LMT) were used in a range of concentrations of OFIEOH from 12.5 to 100 mg/mL for EHT and 12.5 to 200 mg/mL for LMT. In addition, the LMT was used to test ivermectin (IVM) (from 11.4 to 57.1 µM), associated with the inhibitory concentration of 50% (IC50) for OFIEOH. The combination of OFIEOH (12.5 to 200 mg/mL) plus the IC50 of IVM was also tested. The efficacy of OFIEOH alone varied from 19.33 to 90.0% using the EHT. The LMT revealed an efficacy of 5.78 to 77.26% for the extract. Both tests showed a concentration-dependence inhibitory effect. We found a drug-extract antagonistic neutralizing effect when doses of IVM were added to OFIEOH (maximum efficacy of 73.78%), while a positive additive effect was observed when OFIEOH was added to the IC50 of IVM (IC50 of 82.79 for OFIEOH alone against an IC50 of 55.08 of OFIEOH + IVM). The data from this work indicate that OFIEOH alone may be considered as a suitable ecofriendly product to control gastrointestinal parasites of sheep, offering a more holistic approach to improve animal farming and welfare. The drug-extract interaction is also a promising therapeutic alternative, reducing the final dose to the host, with an optimum combination effect.

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Effect of Hydrolysable Tannins and Anthocyanins on Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Nephropathic Patients: Preliminary Data

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020591 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 591 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Annalisa Noce ◽

Francesca Di Daniele ◽

Margherita Campo ◽

Manuela Di Lauro ◽

Anna Pietroboni Zaitseva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Bioactive Compound ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Quercetin Derivatives ◽

Hydrolysable Tannins ◽

Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by uropathogenic microorganism colonization. UTIs often require an antibiotic therapy that can cause the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. A natural bioactive compound may represent a valid therapeutic adjuvant approach, in combination with drug therapy. In this paper, we present a pilot study, based on the administration of an oral food supplement (OFS), containing chestnut tannins and anthocyanins, to nephropathic patients suffering from recurrent UTIs (16 treated patients with 1 cp/day and 10 untreated patients). We performed laboratory tests and quality of life and body composition assessments, at T0 (baseline) and T1 (after 6 weeks OFS assumption). The analysis of OFS was performed by HPLC-DAD-MS for its content in polyphenols and by in vitro tests for its antioxidative and anti-free radical activities. In each capsule, polyphenol content was 6.21 mg (4.57 mg hydrolysable tannins, 0.94 mg anthocyanosides, 0.51 mg proanthocyanidins, 0.18 mg quercetin derivatives). A significant reduction of erythrocyte sedimentation rate was observed only in male patients. Urinalysis showed a significant reduction of leukocytes in both genders, whereas urinary bacterial flora at T1 significantly decreased only in male subjects. Tannins seem to exert an antimicrobial action according to gender, useful to counteract the recurrence of UTIs.

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Chemical characterization and in vitro biological activity of Cymbopogon citratus extracts against Haemonchus spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. nematodes from sheep

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182020001432 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 147 (13) ◽

pp. 1559-1568

Author(s):

Letícia Oliveira da Rocha ◽

Gloria Cristina da Silva Lemos ◽

Ivo José Curcino Vieira ◽

Raimundo Braz-Filho ◽

Silvério de Paiva Freitas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

The Body ◽

Intestinal Cells ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Cymbopogon Citratus ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Methanolic Extracts

AbstractMedicinal plants have been the focus of several studies due to their nematicide properties which can be used to control nematodes in sheep. No study has examined the morphological effects of Cymbopogon citratus on nematodes. Thus, this study evaluated the chemical composition, nematicidal activity and effects of C. citratus extracts on the morphology of eggs and infective larvae (L3) of sheep. Aqueous and methanolic extracts and fractions of C. citratus were obtained and analysed in vitro. The C. citratus extracts were effective against Haemonchus spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. larvae and eggs. Ten fractions were obtained from C. citratus, six of which had high ovicidal activity at 1000 μg mL−1, and two fractions had high activity at all tested concentrations. The phytochemical analysis identified the presence of compounds such as terpenoids, various ketones, esters, and fatty acids. The ultrastructural analysis showed deformations of the cuticle and wilting along the body of the nematodes at all concentrations. The muscular layer, intestinal cells and the mitochondria profile showed damage compared to the typical pattern. Ultra-thin sections of eggs treated with methanolic fractions of C. citratus presented modifications. This study showed the biological activity and effects of C. citratus on the gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep.

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Evaluation of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil on goat gastrointestinal nematodes

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612011000300009 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 223-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo ◽

Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua ◽

Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira ◽

Ana Lourdes Fernandes Camurça-Vasconcelos ◽

Luiz da Silva Vieira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Larval Development ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽

Eucalyptus Citriodora ◽

Egg Hatching

Phytotherapy may be an alternative strategy for controlling gastrointestinal parasites. This study evaluated the anthelmintic efficacy of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil (EcEO). The in vitro effects of EcEO were determined through testing the inhibition of egg hatching and larval development of Haemonchus contortus. EcEO was subjected to acute toxicity testing on mice, orally and intraperitoneally. The in vivo effects of EcEO were determined by the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) in goats infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. The results showed that 5.3 mg.mL-1 EcEO inhibited egg hatching by 98.8% and 10.6 mg.mL-1 EcEO inhibited H. contortus larval development by 99.71%. The lethal doses for 50% of the mice were 4153 and 622.8 mg.kg-1, for acute toxicity orally and intraperitoneally. In the FECRT, the efficacy of EcEO and ivermectin was 66.25 and 79.16% respectively, on goat gastrointestinal nematodes eight days after treatment. EcEO showed in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity.

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Comparisons of In Vivo and In Vitro Opioid Effects of Newly Synthesized 14-Methoxycodeine-6-O-sulfate and Codeine-6-O-sulfate

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25061370 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 1370 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ferenc Zádor ◽

Amir Mohammadzadeh ◽

Mihály Balogh ◽

Zoltán S. Zádori ◽

Kornél Király ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Opioid Receptor ◽

Antinociceptive Effect ◽

Gastrointestinal Transit ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Tail Flick ◽

The Novel ◽

Gastrointestinal Side Effects

The present work represents the in vitro (potency, affinity, efficacy) and in vivo (antinociception, constipation) opioid pharmacology of the novel compound 14-methoxycodeine-6-O-sulfate (14-OMeC6SU), compared to the reference compounds codeine-6-O-sulfate (C6SU), codeine and morphine. Based on in vitro tests (mouse and rat vas deferens, receptor binding and [35S]GTPγS activation assays), 14-OMeC6SU has µ-opioid receptor-mediated activity, displaying higher affinity, potency and efficacy than the parent compounds. In rats, 14-OMeC6SU showed stronger antinociceptive effect in the tail-flick assay than codeine and was equipotent to morphine, whereas C6SU was less efficacious after subcutaneous (s.c.) administration. Following intracerebroventricular injection, 14-OMeC6SU was more potent than morphine. In the Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-induced inflammatory hyperalgesia, 14-OMeC6SU and C6SU in s.c. doses up to 6.1 and 13.2 µmol/kg, respectively, showed peripheral antihyperalgesic effect, because co-administered naloxone methiodide, a peripherally acting opioid receptor antagonist antagonized the measured antihyperalgesia. In addition, s.c. C6SU showed less pronounced inhibitory effect on the gastrointestinal transit than 14-OMeC6SU, codeine and morphine. This study provides first evidence that 14-OMeC6SU is more effective than codeine or C6SU in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, despite C6SU peripheral antihyperalgesic effects with less gastrointestinal side effects the superiority of 14-OMeC6SU was obvious throughout the present study.

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Isolation and characterization of Mycoplasma meleagridis

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m72-022 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 127-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. S. Ogra

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Metabolic Inhibition ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Chronic Type ◽

Tetrazolium Chloride ◽

Productive Life ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

The Status

The ability of Mycoplasma meleagridis to metabolize L-argininehydrochloride (HCl) and its inability to ferment dextrose can be used in identifying and differentiating this serotype from other Mycoplasma known to infect turkeys. Mycoplasma meleagridis may be the only species of turkey origin which lacks the ability to reduce tetrazolium chloride. A selective inhibitory effect of erythromycin and oleandomycin on M. gallisepticum can be used to differentiate it from M. meleagridis in in vitro tests. The metabolic inhibition test can be applied successfully to identification of M. meleagridis and its antibody. In birds carrying a chronic type of infection, Mycoplasma may be isolated from the vagina throughout much of their productive life. Since the infection is not readily transmitted, the maintenance of flocks free from M. meleagridis may not be difficult once the status is achieved.

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GIBBERELLIC ACID APPLICATION AND ITS INCIDENCE ON IN VITRO SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS AND FRUIT PARTHENOCARPY IN AN APOMICTIC CACTUS PEAR (OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA (L.) MILL.) CLONE

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2015.1067.31 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 225-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. Kaaniche-Elloumi ◽

E. Jedidi ◽

K.B. Mahmoud ◽

A. Chakroun ◽

A. Jemmali

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Cactus Pear ◽

Opuntia Ficus Indica

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Effect of lighting spectrum and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on in vitro development of cactus pear [Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill]

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.18.12.12.p1104 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1837-1843 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Selma Silva Rocha ◽

◽

Luciana Cardoso Nogueira Londe ◽

Jessica Guerra Calaes ◽

Júlio Cesar Gomes Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽

Cactus Pear ◽

Opuntia Ficus Indica ◽

In Vitro Development ◽

Vitro Development

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Effect of Musa spp. extract on eggs and larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes from infected sheep

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n6p3751 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 3751

Author(s):

Natalie Neuwirt ◽

Lilian Gregory ◽

Eidi Yoshihara ◽

Silvana Lima Gorniak

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Musa Spp ◽

Sheep Production ◽

Eggs And Larvae ◽

Anthelmintic Effect

Helminthes are listed as one of the main problems facing the development of goat and sheep production. Haemonchus contortus is the specie that causes greatest negative impact in ranching. Resistance to anti-parasitic drugs and demand for residue-free animal-derived food products has elevated the importance of herbal treatments. The aim of this study was to develop an extract of Musa spp. and assess by in vitro testing, the anthelmintic effect on eggs and larvae in the gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. Stool samples from sheep naturally infected were used to obtain eggs and larvae and was then followed by a test of hatchability and a larval migration inhibition test. In vitro tests on the inhibition of larval hatchability at concentrations of 160 and 180 mg mL-1 of larval extracts and inhibition of migration at concentrations of 800 and 1000 mg mL-1 were observed. The results indicate that the use of banana leaf has an anthelmintic effect and that in vivo studies on the applicability of this technology to the field should be made to further understanding and bring more information to what has already been revealed in this study.

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